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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

日治時期台灣柑橘產業的開啓與發展

曾立維 Unknown Date (has links)
若就台灣產業史的發展來看,柑橘可稱之為日治時期的一項新興產業。在清代的台灣,各種水果物產雖已陸續傳入,但在整個產業上並無重要性。然而到了日治後期,香蕉、鳯梨與柑橘這3大水果物產,不但成為主要的農產品與貿易商品,而且園藝產業產值也僅次於米、糖居於第二重要的地位。相對於糧食作物的米、甘藷與特用作物的甘蔗、茶等,在清領時期就有相當的生產量與對外貿易,柑橘作物在台灣的快速進展,要到日本人統治時才開始,而如此快速的發展,則要歸因於柑橘「商品化」現象的出現。因為對於柑橘水果這類非食物或衣物方面的必需品來說,若無法作為商品於市場販賣,其發展將是十分有限。換言之,對於具有易腐敗特性的柑橘水果,其商品化出現所須的條件更為嚴苛,在日治時期則正好提供其在發展上交通與技術之要件。 在這當中「農業技術的進展」與「銷售運輸網絡的形成」是商品化所表現出的二大特徵。在生產層面的「農業技術的進展」,除了數量增加外,還有栽培管理技術的進步,而栽培品種逐漸集中於椪柑、桶柑這兩個主要貿易品種,可說是「商品化」的最佳寫照。另外,販賣層面的「銷售運輸網絡的形成」,則是奠基於交通運輸網絡與銷售組織的建立,而上述現象的出現又與官方、農會的極力推動有密切關係。然而總督府雖頗為重視柑橘產業,但在日治時期無論在栽培面積或產值,其却不如香蕉與鳯梨產業,大部分農家只能採取副業栽培之方式,這一方面是由於在生產層面,柑橘作物本身收穫時間過長的結果,另一方面在貿易層面,則是植物檢查制度抑制了日本市場的擴張所造成。 最終,若將柑橘產業研究發展放置在台灣殖民經濟發展脈絡中來看,其相對於香蕉、鳯梨的特殊性在於必須面對日本國內所生產的同類商品,然而確無遭受像茶葉或米於日治後期那樣的壓制措施。但這並非出於殖民者善意的結果,而是因為台灣柑橘在產量上或在國內外市場上,尚未多到足以威脅日本國內柑橘產業的地步。
62

国内に絶滅危惧種として生育する広域分布植物の比較保全ゲノミクス

芝林, 真友 23 March 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24658号 / 農博第2541号 / 新制||農||1098(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R5||N5439(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 井鷺 裕司, 教授 北島 薫, 教授 柴田 昌三 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
63

蘭花產業之智慧資源規劃 / Intelligence Resources Planning in Orchid Industry

林咸嘉, Lin, Hsien Chia Unknown Date (has links)
台灣在蘭花產業上扮演關鍵地位,近年來受到許多已開發國家消費者喜好,再加上蘭花高經濟價值特性,使得近年來許多國家業者紛紛投入生產,影響台灣業者原有的市場,更加上台灣蘭花業者以往對於智慧財產的不重視,許多優良品種缺乏專利或品種權保護,而紛紛遭受國外竊取流失,對於智慧財產權的管理及應用,也缺乏一套完整的方法論,來體現智慧財產的價值。本研究企圖以周延鵬老師所提出之「智慧資源規劃」方法論,並針對主要蘭花市場國家,包括美國、歐盟、日本、台灣,分別以產業結構(產業面)、各國植物品種保護制度(法規面)和業者實地訪談(市場面)所遭遇之現況及面臨之問題進行分析。針對三構面的分析結果,本研究提出「蘭花產業智慧資源規劃模型」,以蘭花產業結構、智慧財產群集與組合、企業營運機能作為整體模型之基礎,並以該基礎架構進行蘭花產業商業模式設計,以產業整合、品種權佈局、產品組合和智慧財產之交易與行銷進行設計,最後再以資訊網路平台將各段之資訊進行分析及流通,配合組織營運規劃,使公司能藉由本論文所提出之智慧資源規劃模型,加強於全球之競爭力。 / Taiwan acted as a crucial role in the worldwide orchid industry these years. Orchids become more popular in many countries and the high economic value attracts lots of the companies to involve in. The ignorance and depreciation of intellectual property in the past cause that many unprotected plant varieties were copied by foreign industries without licensing. Moreover, the lacks of IP management methodology make it difficult to embody the value of orchid intellectual property. This thesis aims to offer some possible solutions for the dilemma of Taiwan orchid industries in a way of “Intelligence Resources Planning (IPR),” proposed by Yen Pong Jou. The analysis will begin with the comparisons of some major countries of orchid industry, including the U.S., Europe, Japan and Taiwan, from their industrial structure, legal regulation concerning plant patent protections and interviews with industries. Following the situation and difficulties observed, this thesis proposes an ”Intelligence Resources Planning in Orchid Industry Model.” The model is design on the base of industrial structure, intellectual property combinations and business management mechanism, including integration of industry, IP strategy of plant variety in different countries, product combinations, and IP marketing and trades. This information will be circulated and analyzed through an internet platform. Through the information sharing, the model aims to enhance Taiwan orchid industry’s competitiveness in the global market.
64

食品輸入管理與WTO/SPS協定規範合致性之研究-以我國針對日本輸入食品輻射管制措施為中心 / A Study on Food Import Regulation and its Consistency of SPS Agreement under WTO: Focusing on Taiwan’s Regulatory Response to the Radioactivity in Japanese Food Products

黃馨葳 Unknown Date (has links)
由於全球貿易自由化,食品的流通也漸趨便利。各國為避免或減少因食品貿易流通而導致外來動植物疫病蟲害入侵、或蔓延之機會,及防範食品、飲料或飼料中之添加物、污染物等的潛在風險,以保護境內國民及動植物的生命或健康,及維護自然生態環境,會對進口食品採取相關規範與措施。當會員基於主權制定相關措施時,可能會因這些措施對於貿易活動之限制性效果,而損及其他會員在WTO下之貿易利益,因而會造成其他國家的關切,甚至訴諸WTO爭端解決機制。 本文將介紹國際間常受其他會員關切的食品管制措施類型,主要以在WTO SPS委員會之會議上受到關切,或當事國向WTO提出控告的個案,來進行探討。藉由個案研究,以從中了解WTO重要條文及所涉議題之內涵與重要原則,並作為我國對進口食品管制措施管理之借鏡。我國自2002年加入WTO後,進口食品的值與量明顯增加,我國食品輸入管理機制也越顯重要。自2011年3月11日福島核災發生,大量放射性物質外洩對整體環境、人類及生物健康造成危害,故各國紛紛對日本食品實施管制程度不等的進口管制措施,以防止遭到輻射汙染之食品輸入。我國自日本輸入食品種類與數量皆甚多,因此亦對日本食品採取特定管制措施。針對此我國此管制措施,本文將以國際經貿法的觀點,依據 WTO協定中與檢驗措施密切相關的SPS協定規範、過往案例之裁決及相關文獻,分析我國針對日本輸入食品輻射管制措施之適法性,並判斷該措施將來是否存在遭非難之可能,希冀能對於我國日後政策走向提供一實質性之參考及展望。 / Global trade in agricultural and food products has grown rapidly in recent decades, with countries becoming more engaged in cross-border trade, whether as exporters or importers. All countries maintain measures to ensure that imported food is safe for consumers, and to prevent the spread of pests or diseases among animals and plants. These sanitary and phytosanitary measures can take many forms, such as requiring products to come from a disease-free area, inspection of products, specific treatment or processing of products. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures, by their very nature, may result in restrictions on trade. After the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan, radiation was released into the environment near the plant. Growing concerns over radiation cause several countries, such as Korea and China to impose restrictions on the import of Japanese products. Taiwan, one of Japan's key food export markets, also imposed regulations in order to secure the safety of people. However, in 2015 Japan has filed a dispute against Korea at the World Trade Organization (WTO) over import restrictions that Japan found the measures inappropriate and against the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS Agreement). It also demonstrats that countries which impose import restrictions could be facing international adjudication through the WTO. Therefore, this essay staying with the view of international trade law, in particular the SPS Agreement under WTO, tries to analyze the consistency of Taiwan’s import regulations on Japanese Food Products with the rules and norms of the WTO in order to assess the legitimaticy of Taiwan’s trade policy.
65

世界貿易組織之食品衛生檢驗與動植物檢疫措施協定相關爭端解決案例之探討

隋芳婷 Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
66

浮遊藻類から細菌類への有機物の流れ : 新手法による微生物ル-プの検証

浜, 健夫 03 1900 (has links)
科学研究費補助金 研究種目:一般研究(C) 課題番号:03640552 研究代表者:浜 健夫 研究期間:1991-1992年度
67

私營標準於WTO下之法律問題研究-以全球良好農業慣例標準(GlobalGAP Standard)為例 / The Legal Analysis of Private Standards under the WTO Agreements—Taking GlobalGAP Standard for Example

張仁憶, Chang, Jen-Yi Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,由於消費者對於產品安全的重視程度與日俱增,各式各樣的私營標準開始蓬勃發展。這些私營標準雖不具備法律強制力,其所導致的市場排擠效應仍使生產者不得不積極使其產品取得各項私營標準的認證,引發私營標準是否具有實質上強制力並進而影響國際間自由貿易之疑慮。隨著開發中國家自2005年開始於SPS委員會中提出全球良好農業慣例標準對國際自由貿易之負面影響,私營標準之相關法律議題於WTO場域中益發重要,實有研究討論之必要。鑒於私營標準種類、數量之眾,本論文以於WTO下被具體指謫之全球良好農業慣例標準為例,探討全球良好農業慣例標準是否有落入WTO法規範管轄範疇之可能,並透過涉及私營標準議題之食品衛生檢驗與動植物檢疫措施協定、技術性貿易障礙協定與關稅及貿易總協定相關條文的解釋與分析,討論全球良好農業慣例標準與該些規範之關連性及適法性,既而於WTO下甚至WTO以外之國際場域,探究尋求相關貿易衝擊因應之道的可行性,希冀能為私營標準對國際自由貿易體系所帶來的影響及其與WTO之關係進行審視並作出建議。 / In recent years, all kinds of private standards have started to develop prosperously because consumers consider product safety more and more important. Although these private standards are not mandatory, the crowding out effect of markets causing by these standards still makes producers have to achieve relevant certification as far as possible. This situation causes anxiety about the possibility that private standards are de facto mandatory and create trade barriers. While developing countries have stated that GlobalGAP Standard makes bad influence on international trade in the SPS Committees since 2005, the legal issues about private standards become more and more important under WTO regime and need to be studied and discussed. In view of the fact that there are too many kinds of private standards, the thesis takes GlobalGAP Standard for example to discuss whether private standards shall be subject to the rules of WTO Agreements. In order to conduct careful examining and come up with suggestions of the influence on international trade which caused by private standards and the relationship between private standards and WTO, it is necessary to research into the connection between GlobalGAP Standard and WTO rules and the legality of this standard through explaining and analyzing relevant rules which involves the issue of private standards under the SPS Agreement, TBT Agreement, and GATT and to discuss the feasibility of finding the solution to relevant trade impact under WTO regime or other international fields.
68

化学・同位体組成及び光学特性による溶存有機物のキャラクタリゼーション

吉岡, 崇仁 03 1900 (has links)
科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:10640474 研究代表者:吉岡 崇仁 研究期間:1998-1999年度
69

シベリア-モンゴル-チベット寒冷地域のエネルギー水循環の変動に関する総合的研究

福嶌, 義宏, 大畑, 哲夫, 兒玉, 裕二, 石井, 吉之, 溝口, 勝, 大畑, 哲夫, 山崎, 剛, 檜山, 哲哉, 杉本, 敦子, 吉川, 賢, 窪田, 順平, 安成, 哲三, 小池, 俊雄, 塚本, 修, 石川, 裕彦, 上野, 健一 03 1900 (has links)
科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(A)(2) 課題番号:11691124 研究代表者:福嶌 義宏 研究期間:1999-2000年度
70

炭素・窒素安定同位体比を指標とする海洋表層の生物地球化学過程の研究

才野, 敏郎 03 1900 (has links)
科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(B)(2) 課題番号:06453006 研究代表者:才野 敏郎 研究期間:1994-1996年度

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