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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

資產減損報導決定因素及對股價影響之研究

吳維珍 Unknown Date (has links)
為了使公司帳面價值符合穩健原則,我國財務會計準則委員會於民國九十三年七月一日公布財務會計準則公報第三十五號 -- 「資產減損之會計處理」。此公報規定當資產之帳面價值高於可回收金額,對於超過的部分即須認列減損損失。本文之目的即在於藉由探討資產減損認列之決定因素,係經濟因素或報導誘因,以瞭解第三十五號公報之實施是否真能達到當初制定之目的,而使公司財報更為透明,更能反映公司的經營績效與價值,而非淪為管理階層盈餘管理之工具。此外,本文亦探討公司資產減損之認列與其股價之關係,以瞭解投資人對資產減損資訊之反應,以及第三十五號公報對市場之影響。 本研究之主要發現如下:(1)國內上市公司認列資產減損之決定因素主要係經濟因素,但亦有藉以平穩其盈餘之現象;以及(2)整體而言,資產減損對股價不具有顯著之影響力,顯示市場對於資產減損並無顯著之反應。但市場對於未提前適用之公司所認列之資產減損,則有顯著之負向反應。 / In July 2004, Financial Accounting Standards Board in Taiwan issued SFAS No. 35: Accounting for Impairment of Assets, to enhance the conservatism in corporate financial statements. SFAS No. 35 requires that when an asset’s book value is lower than its recoverable amount, a company should recognize the difference as an impairment loss. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants (economic factors and reporting incentives) of reported impairment losses to evaluate whether SFAS No. 35 achieves its purpose. In addition, this study examines the relationship between reported impairment losses and stock prices to determine the impact of SFAS No. 35 on the capital market investors. Our empirical results show that economic factors are the main determinants of reported impairment losses of the listed firms in Taiwan. There is also a high association between reported impairment losses and corporate “income smoothing” behavior. Overall, reported impairment losses do not have significant impact on stock prices. However, after excluding the early adopting firms, the capital market reacts negatively to reported impairment losses.
12

台灣上市櫃公司資產減損之探討

楊美雪 Unknown Date (has links)
國內35號會計準則公報的實施是會計從歷史成本原則走向公平價值之重要里程碑,在新公報提高財務報表攸關性之同時,卻可能因放棄可靠性而增大企業報導盈餘的空間。是以實施35號公報對企業財務與營運面資訊揭露上之影響,除資產減損認列項目的正確性,認列金額的適足性,相關揭露報導的適當性外,影響資產減損的因素,以及是否具有公司或產業差異性等,均為值得深入探討的議題。 本論文以2004年報及2005年半年報為研究期間,針對資產減損之認列內容是否符合35號公報之規範內容,本研究發現國內上市櫃公司,將原來規範在1號或5號公報、後來納入35號公報受評之資產,在研究期間內認列並報導的資產減損損失合計約為新台幣203億元,分析結果隱喻國內上市櫃公司在適用35號公報時,確有存在不當認列之可能。本研究同時發現在財務報告資訊品質方面存在財務報告附註揭露「會計變動理由及其影響數」以及會計師查核意見書未對適用35號公報予以適當揭露者計有163家;以及母子公司適用35號公報之時點不同者。 至於認列資產減損金額之決定因素,本研究之實證結果發現,企業認列資產減損之大小受獲利能力、經營績效以及資產使用效能等企業營運因素之影響。在企業特性方面,本研究發現負債比例愈高及企業信用風險愈差之企業,其資產減損金額愈大。規模愈大之公司,認列之資產減損愈小;以及資訊電子業者認列顯著較高之資產減損金額。由於企業在適用35號公報上保有彈性判斷之空間,因此本研究發現企業認列資產減損之大小受到企業本身承受能力及洗大澡動機之影響,隱喻35號公報可能是管理當局可以操弄盈餘之工具之ㄧ。 / The implementation of new accounting standard (SFAS No.35) on assets impaired is a milestone of moving from historical cost principle towards fair value principle. As SFAS No. 35 may enhance the relevance of financial information at the cost of reliability, there exists the flexibility of reported earnings through the new communiqué. Based on the importance of the SFAS No.35 on a company’s financial and operational reporting, this thesis investigate the accuracy and adequateness of asset impairment, the appropriateness of reporting and disclosures of asset impairment, the determinants of asset impairment and the characteristics across industry are worth studying into thoroughly. With the topic of the contents of asset impairment in compliance with SFAS No.35, this study finds that the listed companies in Taiwan recognized and reported as asset impairment in the amount of NT $88,094 million for the study period from December, 2004 to June, 2005, of which approximately amounted to NT $20,300 million should be periodically evaluated in accordance with SFAS No.1 or SFAS No.5 before adoption of SFAS No.35. As a result, it metaphors listed company in Taiwan to use SFAS No.35 as an excuse for written off asset value. We explored the accuracy of asset impairment loss and the appropriateness of reporting for asset impairment for listed companies in Taiwan. When analyzing the reporting quality, we found that there were 163 financial reports of listed companies in Taiwan without footnote of “Accounting change and its effect” or explanationary paragraph for accounting change in auditors’ opinion for the study period from December, 2004 to June, 2005. In addition, we also found that four companies within two consolidated group started to adopt SFAS No.35 at the different timing against the rule of consistency on the adoption of accounting principle among consolidated entities. We explored the determinants of asset impairment for the listed companies in Taiwan for the period from December, 2004 to June, 2005. Our empirical results show the following: (1) The size of asset impairment is associated with operational factors such as profitability, operational performance and effectiveness of asset utilization;(2) In the perspective of company characteristic, the size of asset impairment is associated with the debt ratio and worse credit risk ;(3) The bigger company recognized the smaller impairment loss . Compared to other industries ( excluded financial institutions and securities),the huge impairment had been recognized in electronic industry .Since the evaluation of asset value involved a lot of professional judgments , we found that the size of impairment loss was associated with the management reporting motivation and capability to afford such losses . It metaphors that the SFAS No. is one of the vehicle of earning smoothing to be used.
13

のれんの会計処理が企業へ与える影響の分析

天野, 良明 23 March 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第22952号 / 経博第627号 / 新制||経||295(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 徳賀 芳弘, 教授 草野 真樹, 教授 澤邉 紀生 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM
14

固定資産の減損会計と財務会計の契約支援機能

山下, 知晃 23 May 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第20545号 / 経博第548号 / 新制||経||281(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 徳賀 芳弘, 准教授 草野 真樹, 教授 藤井 秀樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DFAM
15

論公司名稱之保護

洪裕翔 Unknown Date (has links)
公司是現今社會上最重要的營利主體之一,在日常生活上,一般大眾與公司經常會發生交易行為。而公司名稱,乃是表彰法人主體,俾與他公司相區別之重要標誌。雖然公司名稱就如同自然人之姓名一般,但因為公司為營利法人,其以從事商業活動為法人存續目的,故當公司在經營業務時,勢必與眾多交易相對人及消費者發生法律關係。為避免他人使用相同或近似的公司名稱而造成社會大眾混淆,進而破壞交易秩序,吾人在分析公司名稱權之性質,以及探討其保護時,便須跳脫單純「姓名權」之角度,轉而以防止他人冒濫使用而造成大眾混淆等不公平競爭的觀點來思考、防範,才能達成規範上之效果。此尤其在公司名稱已達著名程度時,如遭他人仿冒濫用其名稱,不僅侵害原公司之商譽,消費者亦將因此受到混淆,轉而與仿冒行為人進行交易。由於仿冒人之行為,已非單純侵害原公司之姓名權,還包括破壞競爭秩序和侵害公眾利益,故在此情形,如何保護公益免受混淆誤認,便成為立論上之重要課題。 有關公司名稱的規範,我國以往都是由公司法第十八條進行第一線的把關過濾,以保護既有公司名稱免受他人仿冒侵害。然而,此種通案審查之方式,不但理論上並無堅強依據,實務運作上也屢生爭議,以致審查逐漸流於形式化,而無從達其規範功能。因此,我國立法者在權衡各項因素後,乃在民國九十年公司法修正時,就公司名稱之使用登記,限縮其規範範圍僅限於同名之審查,若有涉及不正競爭情事時,則交由公平法與民法等相關規定來處理。自此,公司法對公司名稱之規範,僅有單純賦予公司名稱權之功能,而不再有防範不公平競爭之旨。 有鑑於在現制下,公平法之相關規定已成為保護公司名稱之最主要規範,所以本文在編排上,乃特別針對公平會所處理過有關公司名稱之重要案例,以【案例一】到【案例二十八】之接續方式來加以歸納、整理,以檢視公平會在實務上對公司名稱所涉及爭議問題之態度為何。此外,日本法上對於公司名稱所提供之保護規範由來已久,在實務上亦有相當多值得參考之案例,因此在比較法方面,本文將以日本法為中心,就我國法在實務運作或規範有所不足之處,能夠加以借鏡、比較,以期得到更合理之結果。而經本文從理論和學說的探討中可知,雖然公平法第二十條以及第二十四條等相關規定應可有效保護著名公司名稱,但實務之運作上卻有許多缺失之處。主要理由在於,早期公平會為避免公司法與公平法在適用上有所扞格,所以個案上若公司已取得名稱登記,公平會多半尊重該公司使用其名稱之權利。亦即,當經濟部認為系爭公司選用之名稱並無仿冒使用他人相同或類似之名稱時,公平會在過去常常也會採取尊重立場而持相同見解。但如此一來,反而使不肖業者經常利用舊公司法第十八條第二項中「二公司名稱標明不同業務種類者,其公司名稱視為不相同或不相似」之規範缺漏,而大行攀附知名公司名稱之行為,造成我國現有公司下,以「華碩」、「味全」、「長榮」、「台塑」為特取名稱之公司到處林立。公平會以往之作法,雖然可達成法規適用之調和,但此是否符合公平法之立法意旨,值得商榷。所幸,隨著公平法第二十條修正後改採「先行政後司法」之法律效果,加上公司法第十八條修正後已成為單純之行政管理法規,而不再有防止不正競爭之意旨,公平會已逐步使第二十條之適用回歸正常化,並開始以之來做為處分攀附知名公司名稱之依據。對於公平會已逐漸擺脫謹慎立場,就個案上公司名稱之使用所產生狹義混淆的情形已不再迴避第二十條之適用,值得肯定,如此也才能讓第二十四條真正回復補充規範之功能。 另外,實務上另一重大爭議問題,即為公司名稱與商標間之適用關係與衝突。其中最為常見的情形,就是將他人公司名稱註冊為商標,或使用他人商標中的文字來登記為公司名稱等。對此,本文認為由於舊商標法並未明確指出其保護法益為何,以致學說和實務所產生之爭議繁多,而作為維護競爭秩序之公平法,也經常代替商標法而成為規範此等不公平競爭行為之主要依據。惟,民國九十二年新修正之商標法,已從「防止混淆誤認」之角度來妥適調和二者關係。故而,此部份之爭議應可回歸商標法之規範,而公平法之適用餘地,將會大幅減少。 有關公司名稱侵害之救濟與責任部分,我國法院通常會在判決主文命行為人「變更公司名稱登記」,以達到排除侵害之效果。至於公平會所做之處分,都只是命行為人停止個別的不當使用公司名稱之行為,從無以職權來撤銷該冒用之公司名稱。此種作法,實難徹底除去侵害。雖有論者認為,個案上可否進一步要求被處分人不得使用其公司名稱,並非公平會所能置喙。但經本文之分析,公平會處以變更公司名稱之作法,應為公平法第四十一條所賦予公平會之權力,公平會若做出此項處分,於法有據,並無違反依法行政之精神。未來,希望公平會對於侵害著名公司名稱之情節重大者,能依公平法第四十一條所賦予之職權做出「命當事人變更公司名稱」之處分,才能達成保護公眾免受混淆誤認,以及有效制止不公平競爭之效果。
16

資產減損對股價反應、分析師預測及本益比影響之研究 / An Empirical Study of the Impacts of Asset Impairments on Market Reaction, Analysts’ Forecast and Price Earnings Ratios

黃美珠, Huang, Mei-Chu Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討我國於2004年發佈之第35號財務會計準則公報,有關『資產減損之會計處理準則』。35號公報要求企業必須評估公司資產之價值,以避免資產價值之虛列,增加資產價值資訊之透明度。本研究就公開資訊之揭露與資訊透明度的觀點,探討與資產減損有關的三項議題:(1)資產減損之股價反應幅度與公司特質及減損資產類別的關聯性;(2)資產減損對分析師盈餘預測特性之影響;(3)資產減損對本益比之影響。本文之研究結果顯示:(1)對於提前於2004年年報適用的樣本與準時於2005年第一季季報適用的樣本,公司特質變數與股價反應幅度的關聯性有不同;而減損資產類別變數與股價反應幅度則未有顯著之關係;(2)相較於同產業且資產總額接近之未宣告認列資產減損的控制組公司,宣告認列資產減損之公司,其分析師盈餘預測之離散性與預測誤差降低;並且公司揭露認列的減損比率愈大,其分析師間盈餘預測的離散性及預測誤差愈小;(3)在與同產業且資產總額接近之未宣告認列資產減損之控制組公司相較下,宣告認列資產減損之公司,其減損認列後的本益比較減損認列前的期間為高,且認列減損之比率愈大者,其認列減損之後的本益比愈高。這些結果顯示35號公報之公布實施,強制規定公司全面檢視資產或重大投資之潛在未實現損失,將有助於增加資產及盈餘資訊之透明度與穩健性,並提高了分析師對公司盈餘預測能力及市場對公司盈餘資訊之評價。 / This paper studies the effects of the implementation of Statement on Financial Accounting Standards (hereafter, SFAS No. 35) in 2004 on “Accounting for Asset Impairments”. SFAS No. 35 requires that the company has to assess its assets to reflect the potential unrealized losses of assets and improve the transparency of the value of assets in financial statements. From the viewpoints of the disclosure on public information and the transparency of financial statements, this study examines the following three issues related to the asset write-offs: (a) how is the association between the magnitude of market reaction to write-off announcements, firms’ characteristic, and the categories of the asset written-off? (b) what is the impact of asset write-offs on analysts’ forecast dispersion and errors? (c) what is the impact of asset write-offs on price/earnings ratios? The results show that the magnitudes of market reaction in the early adoption samples in 2004 financial statements are different from that in the timely adoption samples in first quarter of 2005’s financial statement. However, The magnitudes of market reactions to the write-off are not significantly associated with categories of asset written-off. Furthermore, compared to control sample of non-adopting firms in the same industry and with similar total assets, the adopting firms have less analysts’ earnings forecast dispersion and errors. And, the larger the asset write-offs, the smaller the analysts’ earnings forecast dispersion and errors. Finally, the adopting firms have larger price/earnings ratios after the asset write-offs than control sample. The larger proportions of asset write-offs to total assets, the larger the price/earnings ratios after the firm the asset write-offs. Accordingly, the above evidence indicates that the reports implementations of SFAS No. 35 improves the transparency and conservatism of assets and earnings information, and to increase the valuations of earnings in the stock market in that the adopting firms are required to evaluate the potential unrealized losses on their long-lived assets and investments.

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