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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

長期看護保險之精算研究 / The Actuarial Study of The Long-Term Care Insurance

許志乾, HSU CHIH-CHIEN Unknown Date (has links)
由於人口轉型的影響,導致從高出生率、高死亡率,變成高出生率、低死亡率,進而變至低出生率、低死亡率的結果,預計世界各國將都面臨人口老化的危機,老年人在比例以及數量上都較以往增加,造成傳統日額型或定額型給付無法滿足長期看護的需求,加上社會大眾對於保險的需求與認知的加強,較複雜的保險商品孕育而生。 由於保險商品的多樣化,傳統的精算方法面對考驗,為同時考量利率的波動風險,本研究以隨機過程中的馬可夫鏈理論應用於保險商品的定價、盈餘計算及利潤分析。主要討論下列研究議題:長期看護保單之需求及現況; 不同類型的長期看護保單之計價分析; 利用Visual Basic程式設計長期看護評價系統。 由於長期看護保險的開發不長,因此在相關的統計數據不足。本研究對於長期看護保險看護發生的移轉力,皆參考國外失能保險的經驗加以修正以計算費率,採用隨機過程中馬可夫鏈的觀念,依據被保險人的健康狀態,並根據不同的狀態給予不同比例的看護年金金額,於不同的保險契約型態下探討四種類型的長期看護保險。 第一章 緒論………………………………………………...1 第一節 研究動機與研究目的…………………………………………………1 第二節 研究方法………………………………………………………………3 第三節 研究架構及研究內容…………………………………………………4 第二章 長期看護的需求與供給…………………………...7 第一節 人口學上的發展………………………………………………………7 第二節 醫療及公共衛生改善等因素的影響………………………………..16 第三節 社會學因素的影響…………………………………………………..19 第四節 各國長期看護保險概況……………………………………………..25 第三章 長期看護保險保單……………………………….32 第一節 看護需求的衡量----日常活動量表的探討………………………….32 第二節 長期看護保險的保單條款…………………………………………..43 第三節 各國長期看護保險的保障內容比較………………………………..47 第四章 長期看護保險的精算分析……………………….55 第一節 多階段保險型態的簡介……………………………………………..56 第二節 多階段模型的精算函數……………………………………………..66 第三節 資產額份……………………………………………………………..76 第四節 資產額份的精算分析………………………………………………..78 第五章 模擬分析…………………………………………89 第一節 長期看護綜合系統…………………………………………………..89 第二節 長期看護保險保費計算之模擬……………………………………..90 第三節 長期看護保險資產額份之模擬……………………………………106 第六章 結論與建議……………………………………...114 第一節 結論…………………………………………………………………114 第二節 建議…………………………………………………………………115 參考文獻………………………………………………….117 表目錄 表2-1-1 OECD 會員國人口統計概況表………………………………………… 表2-1-2 65歲以上人口占率與人口高齡化速度的國際比較.……………… 10 表2-1-3 臺灣地區1950年至2035年人口自然成長、三階段人口數及依賴 比……………………………………………………………………… 11 表2-1-4 各國依賴人口比例之比較…………………………………………… 16 表2-2-1 民國55年至85年十大死因死亡率………………………………… 17 表2-2-2 臺灣地區老年人口之患病情形……………………………………… 18 表2-3-1 民國六十五年至八十五年臺灣地區戶數及戶量的變化…………… 20 表2-3-2 民國六十五年至八十五年臺灣地區育齡婦女生育的子女數及胎次 別……………………………………………………………………… 21 表2-3-3 臺灣地區民國六十五年至八十五年總生育率之變化按妻之教育程 度分及大專與國中程度總生育率之比……………………………… 22 表2-3-4 臺灣地區民國五十五年至八十五年15歲以上人口與勞動力人數及 參與率按性別區分…………………………………………………… 23 表3-1-1 機能損失指標內容之比較…………………………………………… 34 表3-1-2 機能損失指標品質之比較…………………………………………… 34 表5-2-1 長期看護年金主約----不同的投保年齡之給付現值與不同的繳費 方式之應繳保費……………………………………………………… 97 表5-2-2 長期看護加強型年金----不同投保年齡之躉繳保費……………… 99 表5-2-3 長期看護年金附約----不同的投保年齡之給付現值與不同的繳費 方式之應繳保費…………………………………………………… 102 表5-2-4 長期看護加強型退休金----不同的投保年齡之給付現值與不同的 繳費方式之應繳保費……………………………………………… 105 表5-3-1 二十年期長期看護加強型年金各保單年度狀態之間移轉機率表 ……………………………………………………………………….. 107 表5-3-2 二十年期長期看護加強型年金各保單年度各狀態的預估人數表 ……………………………………………………………………….. 108 表5-3-3 二十年期長期看護加強型年金資產額份分析表………………….. 111 圖目錄 圖1-3-1 研究架構及研究流程………………...……………………………..5 圖2-1-1 臺灣地區民國40年至125年人口變動率(中推計)………………12 圖2-1-2 臺灣地區民國40年至125年四種人口依賴比(中推計)…………13 圖2-1-3 臺灣地區民國40年至125年的三種人口老化指標 …………… 14 圖4-1-1 存活模型………………………………………………..………….57 圖4-1-2 疾病—死亡或失能模型……………………………..…………….58 圖4-1-3 連生年金模型………………………..…………………………….60 圖4-1-4 CCRC模型個別住戶狀態移轉狀態圖…………………..……….62 圖4-1-5 三個看護等級之長期看護保險個人狀態移轉圖………………...63 圖4-1-6 AIDS發病過程之狀態移轉圖………….………………………...65 圖5-2-1 三個看護等級之長期看護保險狀態及給付比例圖….………….91 圖5-2-2 二階段長期看護年金給付狀態圖……………….……………….97 圖5-2-3 三階段長期看護年金附約給付狀態圖……………….………...100 圖5-2-4 二階段長期看護加強型退休金給付狀態圖…………….………103 圖5-2-5 長期看護加強型退休金給付情況圖…………………….…...….104 / The goal of this study is to investigate the pricing and valuation for the long-term care insurance policies. Three major stages in achieving our objectives are summa-rized as follows: 1. Review the trend of the long-term care insurance and recognize its development. 2. Apply the Markov chain framework and the asset shares methodology to multi-states insurance policies. 3. Construct a comprehensive valuation computer system for profit monitoring pur-pose. Different health statuses of the policyholders are characterized using a Markov chain framework over the contract period. Benefit payments are provided to the in-sured according to his health condition once he is eligible for compensation. Premi-ums for four types of long-term care policies are examined according to the given ac-tuarial assumptions. Since the long-term care policies are still under development, the corresponding experience is not completely known. Hence the experience of the Danish company’s disability insurance are employed in computing the force of transitions. The forces of transitions are then used to estimate the transition probabilities. Finally premiums and reserves can be calculated based on the specified policy. Profit monitoring is also performed through asset share methodology. A numerical illustration provides some interesting results obtained by using this approach.
12

從父母照顧工作外包論子女孝道實踐的意義:以聘僱外籍看護的家庭為例 / Understanding the Meanings of Children’s Practice of Filial Piety from Outsourcing Parental Care Work: The Examples of Families Hiring Foreign Caregivers

陳育伶, Chen, Yu Ling Unknown Date (has links)
高齡化社會的來臨,增加了台灣的長期照顧需求。在華人家庭傳統上,照顧一直是女性的責任,社會規範與對性別角色的期待也都將照顧工作賦予女性。但隨著婦女勞參率的增加,許多有經濟能力的女性也開始試圖透過將照顧工作「外包」的方式,來移轉自己的照顧責任。從台灣逐年攀升的外籍看護工人數,即可看出此一趨勢發展。在過往母職外包的文獻中,母親將照顧小孩的責任外包出去的同時,會透過各種手段來維持其原有家庭的完整性,以及合理化這些作為,並重新詮釋這些原本被認為該由自己承擔的責任。而這樣的情況,是否同樣會發生在「孝道外包」的情況中?子女/媳婦會怎麼樣去詮釋自己的行為?他們如何定義照顧工作外包後「孝」的意義? 本研究發現,家庭成員選擇外包照顧工作的過程中,受到子女輩成員間的經濟能力、角色與長輩的情感關係等各種因素所影響,主要的決策者與執行者會由不同的家庭子女輩成員擔任。對於將奉養工作外包給外籍看護的子女/媳婦來說,他們透過將自己的角色轉換成「監督者」或「主導者」,以確保外籍看護維持高品質照顧的方式,來重新定義自己的孝道實踐。「父母在家終老」以及「主導照顧過程」成為孝的核心條件。此外,透過敘述外籍看護的「專業」與「像對待家人」般的良好照顧,來證明他們將長輩的孝道外包是對長輩「有利的」。同時這個利益並不只是對於長輩,聘請外籍看護還有許多對其他家庭成員有利的外溢效果;例如整理家務,煮飯等等。對子女輩成員來說,聘請外籍看護是一個多方考量後,在現今照顧工作逐漸走向市場化下,對整體家庭最具利益的選擇。 / The need for long-term care increases with Taiwan’s aging population. According to the Chinese tradition as well as current social norms and expectations, care work is considered women’s responsibility. However, with women’s increasing participation in the labor force, many financially-abled women started to outsource care work to relieve their responsibility. The rise in the rate of hiring foreign caregivers in Taiwan manifests this trend. Current literature on outsourcing maternal care work has pointed out the ways mothers maintain family intactness and justify their behavior of outsourcing maternal care. Does the same situation happen in outsourcing filial piety? How do sons, daughters and daughter-in-laws justify such behavior? How would they reinterpret the meaning of ‘filial piety’ after sourcing parental care? The study found that the choice of outsourcing parental care work was affected by factors such as children's financial conditions, roles in the family, and relationship with parents. Sons, daughters and daughters-in-law often played different roles of decision makers and managers in outsourcing parental care. For those who outsourced parental care work to foreign caregivers, their roles were changed from 'primary caregiver' to 'supervisor' or 'manager' to ensure that their parents would obtain high quality care. In this way, the meaning and practice of filial piety were redefined. 'Parents living at home till the end of life' and 'quality control of parental care' became the core considerations of filial piety. By emphasizing foreign caregivers' professionalism and their family-like relationship with foreign caregivers, those children who outsourced parent care work justified their choice of outsourcing and claimed that such arrangement was beneficial to parents who were cared for. In addition, the care work provided by foreign caregivers often generated 'spillover effects' for the whole household; not only parents but other family members could also obtain benefits from hiring foreign caregivers. For example, foreign caregivers helped cleaning house, cooking and so on. Consequently, the choice of outsourcing parental care work to foreign caregiver was considered most appropriate for the whole family.
13

可視化手法を用いた多目的最適化問題における満足解の選択支援

FURUHASHI, Takeshi, YOSHIKAWA, Tomohiro, YAMASHIRO, Daisuke, 古橋, 武, 吉川, 大弘, 山代, 大輔 15 December 2008 (has links)
No description available.
14

島モデル型多目的GAにおける可視化を用いたユーザの意思に基づくインタラクティブ探索

FURUHASHI, Takeshi, YOSHIKAWA, Tomohiro, YAMAMOTO, Masafumi, 古橋, 武, 吉川, 大弘, 山本, 雅文 15 February 2011 (has links)
No description available.
15

師傅級外籍勞工政策可行性評估 – 以社會福利機構為例 / The policy feasibility study of allowing senior foreign workers staying in Taiwan: an analysis based on Taipei's welfare institution

黃君浩, Huang, Chun Hao Unknown Date (has links)
我國自1992年頒布《就業服務法》明定引用外國勞動力相關程序、僱用準則,將外籍勞動力納入正式法律規範,近十年社會福利產業外籍勞工數占總外籍勞工數亦逐年成長,現已達到四成左右。 由於受少子化因素影響,我國勞動力人口逐年短少,如何有效地運用目前就職於我國的外籍勞工為本研究欲探討的重點;行政院104年12月提出「師傅級外勞」機制,擬透過重新定義外籍勞工的性質,經由評分機制、評選出藍領資深技術人員,延長其工作年限,解除留臺限制,用以舒緩我國人口與勞動力結構變遷之影響。 隨著機構式照顧服務對於我國少子女化、高齡化的人口結構愈趨重要,本研究擬以進用外籍勞工之社會福利機構為研究對象,以老人照顧服務機構、身心障礙者照顧服務機構等社會福利單位做為研究場域,研究對象以就業於該等場域之外籍看護工為主,透過訪談機構主管(主任或院長)的經驗與見解,探討「師傅級外勞」政策實施之可行性,由實務上評析「師傅級外勞」對提升社福機構勞動力之可行性。 / The R.O.C Government enacted and promulgated total articles of the Employment Service Act in 1992. The Act regulates the employment and management of foreign workers in Taiwan and formally regulates the foreign workforce into law. By the end of April 2017, numbers of foreign workers increase rapidly, among which, the number of social welfare foreign workers accounts for up to 40% of the total foreign workers in Taiwan. Due to the aging population and low fertility, the workforce of Taiwan decreases tremendously. How to utilize the foreign workforce efficiently is the main concern of this research. On December 2014, the Executive Yuan proposed the “Master Qualified Foreign Workers Policy” in order to redefine foreign workforce in Taiwan. The policy will formulate a point system to filter qualified foreign workers and extends their duration of the employment permit. Institutional caring has become more important due to population aging, this research choose foreign workers in social welfare institutions as the object of study, and compile the opinions and perspectives from supervisors of the social welfare institutions by conducting in-depth interviews. The aim of the research is to evaluate the feasibility and practicality of the “Master Qualified Foreign Workers Policy” in the social welfare sphere.

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