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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

大陸自然災害與中國政權建設之研究—以2008年雪災、川震為案例

伍尚龍 Unknown Date (has links)
中國大陸是世界自然災害發生、災情最嚴重的國家之一,具有災害種類多、發生頻率高、分佈地域廣、造成損失大等特點,對中國的經濟建設與社會發展,造成多方的嚴重破壞與影響。 目前中國大陸的災害管理主要是縱向的災害管理模式,即在中共中央「統一領導」下,主導災害管理,並堅持「政府集體領導、上下分級管理、部門分工負責、以地方為主、中央為輔」的災害管理體制,劃分為國家級減災管理、省級減災管理與地方級(城鄉社區)減災管理等三個層次,凸顯中國災害管理體制出現不少問題,也暴露出中國應急救援工作存在薄弱環節。 因此近年來,中國逐步形成自然災害的管理處置體系,災害危機管理工作也有一定程度的進展,但2008年發生的雪災、川震,是中國在「SARS」危機結束後,所遇到最為嚴重的危機事件,對中國「統一領導、分級負責、條塊結合、屬地管理」的處置體系,進行一次全面性的檢驗。同時,也對中國政權建設在政治、經濟、軍事、社會以及兩岸關係上,產生決定性的影響。所以,中國政府在面對自然災害格外謹慎,深怕直接影響其政府形象及認可度。 儘管中國因著災害事件接踵而來,在管理應處上逐步學習改善,但評估中國在2008年自然災害的應對中,災害管理仍落後於經濟的增長和社會的發展,與中共中央的要求還是有很大的差距,所以中國未來在應對自然災害管理組織、制度、能力和作為等,還需許多改進和完善的地方。 / Mainland China, having many features of disaster such as various species, high happening frequency, extensive distribution, great damage etc., is one of the countries with the most serious natural disaster situation experience in the world. These features also cause serious destruction to the economic construction and social development of China. Presently, Mainland China takes the vertical disaster administration mode to handle the situation. The government directly leads the disaster administration and insists forming a system of central collective leading, classifying administration , responsibility divided and giving region the priority. It is divided into three levels:national, provincial and regional disaster administration. It reveals many problems in disaster administration of China and exposes insufficient ability of China in dealing with emergency and rescuing sufferers. Therefore, in recent years, China gradually forms a administration system in dealing with natural disasters and makes a certain progress. However the snow disaster and the earthquake of Sichuan, occurred in 2008, were the most serious accidents we ever met in China after the SARS crisis, These contingencies urge China to entirely check the processing system of integrated leading, classified responsibility and possession administration. Simultaneously, these experiences also make a decisive influence to the China political power construction on political affairs, economy, military, society and cross-Strait relations. Thus, the China government carefully confront natural disasters and afraid it influences the image and approve of the government. Although China gradually learn and improves the measures in dealing with the continued accidents, but assessing that China in 2008 in response to natural disasters, disaster management is still lagging behind the economic growth and social development. Also it is still a large gap to conform with the requirements of the CPC Central Committee. Therefore in the future, for China it is still needed to be improved and perfected in response to natural disaster management organizations, systems, capabilities, and actions etc.
2

我國中央與地方府際關係分析:英國經驗之學習

李長晏 Unknown Date (has links)
我國中央與地方的關係,在歷經臺灣省各縣市實施地方自治綱要、自治二法、精省再造工程,以及新地方制度的施行發展後,已逐漸由監督型或行政保留式的地方自治,和平漸進地轉型至更具實質的或法律保留式的地方治理型態,使地方政府成為一個充分享有管理地方自治事務,以及具有地方發展潛力的自治體。 本研究主軸之一乃扣緊前項的發展趨勢,透過制度設計的觀點來分析台灣中央與地方的府際關係,以期能對這精省後、新地方制度下的中央與地方互動關係作一有效合理的安排。這些安排有︰地方政府間之競爭與合作、權責劃分與權限爭議、政策衝突與管理與府際財政管理等方面。 英國自1945年以來,地方政府的治理模式發生不同階段的變遷,而這項變遷之演化,全隨著中央政府執政之政黨不同而不同,而在兩者逐步互動的過程上,牽引出一些有效互動的機制,配合舉世政府再造運動的發展取向。 本文主軸之二乃在扣緊前項的發展趨勢,首先探討英國中央政府與地方政府府際關係之所以轉型的系絡及其過程,進而導出兩造互動的本質,分析其有效互動的種種機制。這些機制有︰正常化政黨政治監督、常態化定期溝通協商、建制化專業政策社群、特殊化非民選準政府、合產化中央與地方合夥、合法化協力規劃機制與透明化公共課責機制。 其次,在因應台灣推動精省工程的歷史時刻,處於府際關係重建的重要關頭,正需他山之石以攻錯的關鍵時機,分析英國體制對台灣的重大啟示,建議職司當局要︰運用定期溝通協議機制、建立真誠論述政策網絡、設計府際協力規劃機制、推動公私部門合夥措施、成立府際關係互動會議、擴大推廣政府塑能運動、下放權力加碼地方作為、建立水平府際互動機制、及重視共同事項的權限劃分方式。 最後,英國之經驗雖值得借鑑,但台灣成功的借鑑定要注意本身之系絡,英國成功的配套,絕不可只移機制本身,而忽略支撐機制的文化及其它行政配套作為。

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