臺北市勞動檢查處為配合近年來「宣導、檢查、輔導」三合一策略提升防災效能，自民國87年開始將檢查業務部分轉換為「自主管理」模式，並將臺北市的營建工地分級管理，依不同等級有不同的自主檢查頻率，並派員實施不同程度的稽查。 依相關自主管理計畫的規定，若某營造廠加入計畫獲得「優等」或「特優級」的認證標章，除非發生災害、遇專案檢查及市民檢舉等情形外，檢查員不主動前往實施勞動檢查，但仍由機關中技正層級以上人員組成機動小組，不定期以輔導方式實施督導；所以該營造廠只要依規定之檢查流程及制式表格填寫按時回報，就幾乎不受規範所拘束。 但是近年參加自主管理計畫的營造工地發生職業災害的頻率，並未如預期下降，不符機關績效目標；因此，本研究重點在探究勞動檢查運用自主管理政策工具績效不佳的原因，是否這些營造廠的工地在申請獲得「優等」或「特優級」認證後，負責職業安全衛生工作的人員或主管，其責任及權限的移轉後造成行為與態度轉趨鬆懈？ 研究結果發現在實施自主管理計畫後，在營造廠中依不同的層次有不同的結果，部分負責人確實發生了道德風險（Moral Hazard）行為，而負責職業安全衛生工作的人員，礙於利潤及工期等眾多因素，鬆懈了安全衛生工作，部份發生了道德風險行為，致未達組織預設的目標。 / Taipei Labor Inspection Office adopted a strategy that combined advocacy, inspection and counseling to enhance the effectiveness of occupational hazards prevention. Since 1998, it began to change the policy from “inspection strengthening” to “self-management”. With hierarchical management of the construction sites in Taipei according to this strategy, construction sites of different levels have different inspection frequency and different degrees of inspection. In accordance with the self-management program, if an construction site in Taipei who joined this program obtains "excellent" or "Premium Class" certification, unless occupational accident happened, or special inspection project is launched, or citizens report, or other dangerous situations occur, the inspection personnels will not do labor inspection, but will still occasionally provide unscheduled counseling by official chief. As long as the construction company fills out the report form on time according to the program of the standard inspection flow, this company is nearly unregulated. But the occupational accident rate of those sites who applied to self-management program did not fall as expected, it does not achieve the goal as set by official performance indicators; therefore, this study aims to explore the reasons why those sites who obtain "excellent" or "Premium Class" certification, have shown that their behaviors and attitudes toward occupational safety and workers’ health have become more lax after joining the program? This study found that after the implementation of self-management program, moral hazard behaviors occur in different hierarchical levels of organizations. Construction company’s directors do show moral hazard behavior, while those in charge of occupational safety and health work, some do have moral hazard behavior, out of profit motive and time concern of the construction project among many other factors. All together explains why this self-management program does not achieve the goal set by official performance indicators.

從實務面來看，總額支付制度（global budget）的施行絕非僅止於管制成本的手段，還必須觀照該管理的制度設計。畢竟制度不但能夠彙集各種資源，同時也成為資源使用的指標，影響行動者間的策略選項。另外，針對政策實施後的監控與評估檢討，也是修正制度與提升品質的反饋歷程。然而，學界與實務界在總額支付制度設計原則的研究卻十分有限，究其原因，重要的是主要集中於制度在實際的應用與效果，缺乏以一套適用的「方法」（methodology）來審視。誠如Elinor Ostrom所言，「政策分析家的工具箱有各式各樣的工具，但還缺乏一種具體明確的集體行動理論。」，共有資源管理的例子到處都有，但是分析家卻沒有很好的在理論上總結他們。他藉由制度分析與經驗實例，衍生出來的「制度設計原則」（Design principles），研究各種共有資源管理的問題：從不同類型的資源系統如灌溉系統、捕魚等自然資源或網路資源、財政預算等、到公共財制度研究等，都已經獲得豐碩的成果。本文的主要目標，就是在既有的理論基礎上，討論應用制度設計原則來進行「總額預算評估」的可能內容，並提出政策建議與後續研究的可能內容提出建議。 本文主要分為：（一）導論（二）文獻回顧與理論基礎（三）研究設計（四）中醫總額支付制度的演變（伍）中醫總額的自主管理（六）結論。希冀對學界或實務界在健保改革評估未來的發展，能有所啟發與助益。 / From the practice, global budget is not just the means to control cost, must also take the design of management into consideration. The institution not only can gather various kinds of resources, but also become the indexes, and influence the tactics among the persons who take action to select. Since a global budget married to fee-for-service payments directly analogous to a common-pool resources, we use a framework of design principles to explore the difference of outcomes of management, and to discuss the policy implications about institutional design and financial Incentives. Sincere as what Elinor Ostrom said, ' the policy analyst's box has many kinds of tools , but still lack a kind of concrete and clear collective action theory. ', example there are resource management in common everywhere, but it is the getting better to summarize they in theory. In addition, the “self-governing institutions” designed by each local medical association must be flexibly adapted to the context in which it is applied. To foster the cooperation among physicians, the medical associations of local level should also play the role to provide the institutional setting for collective participatory decision making. The medical associations of national level ought to change the financial incentives facing the physicians to induce the rational patterns of medical behavior so that the allocate efficiency of medical resource and effectiveness of global- budget management can be improved.

土地使用分區是否允許夜市相關業別的存在，是否違反土地使用分區規定，一直以來存有疑慮。現行臺灣法律中不論是土地法或都市計畫法，針對土地使用分區已訂定相關的規則與規章，主管機關亦頒布有管制準則及函令以資遵循，諷刺的是，夜市周邊的住戶與該夜市所撐起的商圈，為了個別的利益，爭吵、訴訟甚至於鬥毆的情況屢見不鮮。 本研究利用Ostrom (2014)所建立的自主管理理論，探討商圈內部在集體選擇過程，如何有效選擇管理既有住商混合商圈對環境的負面衝擊，並提出建立住商混合商圈街區管理模式之建議。透過文獻回顧、個案研究、與深度訪談，本研究成果顯示，師大商圈未來管理模式的策略有四個可能性：因地制宜模式的採用、社區居民與商圈商家共存共榮的期待、商圈組織自主管理運作機制的建立、以及公部門與商圈組織之間的協調溝通。 本研究在師大商圈土地分區管理機制上，為了同時增加土地使用效率及考慮社區居民的權益，平抑破壞商圈整體利益的個人利益，應可使用具彈性調整機制的土地分區管理，而彈性調整的依據，係可透過政府公部門、商圈內商家組織、社區組織三方面共同研擬，制定相關施行辦法。 / It is questionable for a long time that whether the permission of the business of night market within land zoning violates the regulations of zoning. Albeit relevant regulations of land zoning have been established and on acted, and enforced ironically, for pursuing individual profits and personal benefits, the residents and the vendors who inhabit in the business area have to face abundant disputes and litigations. The self-governance on common pool resource from Ostrom (2014) would be utilized to discuss the process of collective selection within business area, and to see how the effective management to deal with the negative impacts of mixed-use business area could be selected and eventually to raise a management model to cope with mixed-use business area. By literature review, case study, and interview, the four possible management models for NYNU commercial Area are: the management with local conditions, the collaborations between residents and vendors, the mechanism of self-governance in business organization, and the coordination and communication between the public and business organizations. Furthermore, basing upon the mechanism of the management of land zoning within NTNU Commercial Area, the elastic land zoning should be adopted to increase the effectiveness of land use and the rights and interests of residents. The basis of elastic management of land zoning can be established through the collaboration among the governments, business organization, and resident organization then.