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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

壽險保單貼現之法制化研究-以美國法為中心

杜冠民, Du, Guan-Min Unknown Date (has links)
所謂「保單貼現(Viatical Settlements)」,依據美國聯邦巡迴法院判決中之定義,係指「一種買賣保單的交易,該交易雙方為罹患愛滋病或重症之被保險人以及買受保單之人,愛滋病患或末期病患為求抒解其經濟上面臨的困境或是完成人生中最後的願望,而將其保單出售於他人以取得一筆現款,買受保單之人則於該愛滋病患或末期病患死亡後,得依據保單向保險公司請求保險金之給付。通常被保險人可以獲得相當於保單面額百分之六十至八十的金額,相對的,該金額與保單面額的差價,再扣除掉交易成本、維持保單有效之保險費、以及其他行政費用後,即屬於買受保單之人可得之獲利。」   保單貼現交易制度在美國發展多年,由於其切合被保險人之經濟需求,交易結果對於投資人亦屬有利,因此整體市場發展相當快速。惟,市場發展大步走在政府管理機制之前,造成法令規範與監理機制極度缺乏(單以美國證券交易委員會(SEC)有無權力監理此一產業之爭議即纏訟多年,近年方有較明確的見解出現。),導致人謀不臧的道德風險強烈危害到保單貼現市場的信譽與生存,本文即在介紹保單貼現交易制度之起源、發展歷程、交易流程以及美國目前對於此一產業之相關立法,並進一步討論如我國欲引進保單貼現交易制度,目前法制架構上有何需要注意及調整之處。   本文第一章主要是以美國最大保單貼現公司MBC遭受美國證管會(SEC)與佛羅里達州保險局勒令停業,進而可能影響我國投資人權益之事件為開端,說明本論文研究之動機、目的、研究架構以及文獻探討。第二章乃開始介紹有關保單貼現交易制度的基本資料,如保單貼現交易的起源、運作方式,以及目前最新的進化發展—保單貼現證券化。在了解保單貼現交易的交易過程後,第三章則著重於分析保單貼現交易中可能之各種風險來源。第四章主要係以全美保險監理官協會(National Association of Insurance Commissioners)所制定之保單貼現模範法為主軸,介紹相關法令內容外,並輔以美國各州對於保單貼現交易之相關規範。第五章開始,則從我國社會現況中如金融保險自由化、重症患者及老年人口逐年增加等現象,分析我國對於保單貼現交易有無需求存在,此市場有無發展可能。第六、七章則進一步探討如我國未來引進保單貼現交易制度,於我國現行保險、證券法規架構上所可能產生之問題。最後,第八章總結全文內容,並提出相關建議,希冀得供未來立法者或監理者參考。
12

我國農業貸款證券化的可行性研究 / A Feasibility Study on the Securitization of Agricultural Loans in Taiwan

楊淑清, Yang, Shu Ching Unknown Date (has links)
當前我國農業金融施政目標將配合農業加值政策,多元化推動政策性專案農貸,農貸對象將由個別農漁民推廣至農企業,是以,資金用途亦將由農業生產擴及農漁業運銷、加工與技術研發;穩健持續的發展農業將需要充分的資金,如何為農業發展自金融市場引入資金,融資是我國金融施政的當務之急。   我國農漁會組織結構脆弱,規模小且欠缺增資機制,本論文鑑於美國資產證券化發展至今已半個世紀,其對直接融資環境的建樹及國家經濟的繁榮功不可沒;直接融資的優點有三:降低借款者的融資成本、提高貸款者的營運效率、增加投資者的投資標的,本論文冀望借鏡美國資產證券化發展經驗及運作模式,創新我國融資思維,以「農業貸款證券化」的方式自金融市場直接取得資金,消弭農業金融當前的瓶頸,為農業發展提供有效的融資,全力發展農業貸款證券化尚能促進國內證券化及信託業務的健康發展。   本論文參考美國資產支持證券與小型企業署證券化的運作模式,規劃我國農業貸款支持證券的發行程序,包括創始資產、資產群組化、現金流結構、信用增強機制、發行架構、風險分析、信用評等及訂價策略八個構面,並探討發行之可行性,獲得適法性無疑、市場供給面與需求面具有發行正當性之結論。   在促進次級市場流動性議題上,本論文建議以「指定集合管理運用金錢信託」平台,透過投資人的多元性參與以及投資商品的多樣性選擇,在金錢信託架構下促進交易市場的活絡,進而帶動流動性的增強;最後,本論文建議信託業運用信託機制發揮投資銀行之功能,於兼顧企業融資與客戶投資之同時,實踐扶持中小企業、促進地方經濟繁榮的責任與願景。   國內如能順利推動農業貸款證券化業務,對市場各個參與者之利基臚列於下,此亦為本論文衷心冀盼的: 一、對政府、農委會等中央主管機關而言:   (一)得以建立我國農業資本市場、擴大我國債券之發行。   (二)得以解決農地閒置休耕問題、增進農企業規模發展。   (三)得以樽節政府農業發展支出、普及全民投資農漁業。 二、對全國農業金庫而言:   (一)得以差異化的營運方式有別於農漁會之經營。   (二)得以超然的立場貫徹執行金融監督管理之責。 三、對農漁會而言:   (一)得以縮減資本計提的需求、提升ROA與ROE。   (二)得以提升金融資產流動性、增進資金使用效率。   (三)得以提高自有資本的比率、改善經營的績效。   (四)得以開創資金調度的渠道、降低資金取得成本。   (五)得以分散金融資產的區域性風險與集中性風險。 四、對農、林、漁、牧業者而言:   (一)得以取得貸款資金。   (二)得以降低融資成本。 五、對投資人而言:   (一)得以直接參與本土農業投資。   (二)得以享有多樣化的投資選擇。 / The current Agriculture-Finance policy of R.O.C. is to cope with Agriculture Value-up policy, so as to promote diversified project loans from individuals to corporates. Consequently, the purpose of finance will be extended to agricultural and fishing logistics, process and technic inventions. Constant and stable development of agriculture needs sufficient capital; however, the main and urgent issue of agricultural development is to direct financing from capital market. The construction of farmers’ and fishermen’s association of R.O.C. is relevantly fragile, in miniature and in lack of the mechanism of capital injection. The securitization of the U.S.A. has been developed through half century, which flourishes economy and direct finance. There are three advantages of direct finance; the first is to lower the cost of borrowers, the second is to level-up the business efficiency of debtors, and the third is to increase the objects of investors. The essay is about to refer to the experiences of US securitization and its models, so as to innovate our financing thinking with direct financing from Agriculture-Loan-Securitization; where the bottleneck of agriculture financing can be breached and provide more sufficient and efficient capital to boost Agriculture-Loan-Securitization with advantageous growth of domestic business of securitization and trust. This essay consults the methods of US ABS and SME construction to plan the issuance of Agriculture-Loan-Securitization, including aspects of original assets, assets sectors, financing construction, credit enhancing mechanism, issuance construction, risk analysis, credit rating and pricing; that leads to the justification of feasibility, legality, supply and demand of issuance. As to the issue of increase liquidity of secondary market, this essay suggests that the building of Semi-discretionary collectively managed money trust platform can provide a varieties of diversified participation and investing products to investors under the construction of money trust to activate vivid market transaction and empower liquidity. This essay also suggests that the business of trust shall use the function of investment banking, with the balance between corporate financing and client investment, to support SME and improve local economy as a liability and vision. In the event of the succession of domestic Agriculture-Loan-Securitization, the niches of each participant are suggested as followed with sincerely: 1. To Council of Agriculture and government at large, (1) Building up agriculture financing market, expanding the issuance of bonds. (2) Sorting out farmland fallow, increasing the scale of agriculture business. (3) Saving the cost of governmental agriculture cost, promoting the investment to agriculture and fishing. 2. To Agricultural Bank of Taiwan, (1) Setting up the differentiation of management from farmers’ and fishermen’s association. (2) Supervising independently. 3. To farmers’ and fishermen’s association, (1) Minimizing the demand of capital adequacy, increasing ROA and ROE. (2) Increasing capital liquidity and efficiency. (3) Level up tier 1 capital, improve return. (4) Developing new capital channel, lowering the risk of financing. (5) Spreading finance area risk and concentric risk. 4. To agriculture, forestry, fishing and animal husbandry business, (1) Acquiring finance (2) Lower the cost of financing 5. To investors, (1) Participating local agriculture investments directly. (2) Have diversified options of investment.

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