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網路使用者對電子報的認知圖像--以交大資科BBS站為例 / Internet users' cognitive image on electronic newspaper洪懿妍 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的主要目的在描繪相較於印刷報紙的情形下,網路BBS使用者現階段對電子報的認知圖像,並且探討這些認知圖像與網路BBS使用者的閱報行為及網路使用行為是否具有關聯性?若有,則關聯性為何?
本研究以交大資科BBS站的註冊使用者為對象,以等距抽樣的方式從中抽出500位樣本,利用電子郵寄問卷的方式進行調查。研究問卷中主要列出電子報與印刷報可諮比較的題項,以試圖從受訪者的回答中,整理歸納出他們在相較於印刷報的情形之下,對電子報的認知及看法為何。此次調查約有效回收問卷總計有276份。
研究結果發現,在受訪者的認知中,電子報和印刷報最大的不同在於「互動性」、「易取得/易瀏覽」及「發行對象」等特質因素上。受訪者認為,在媒體與證者的互動功能上,電子報明顯優於印刷報;不過,印刷報紙則相當容易取得,無論何時何地都可閱讀,而不像閱讀電子報具有地域(一定要有電腦的地方才行)上的限制。
此外,受訪者也認為,印刷報的發行對象是沒有限制的,只要讀者其有基本的識字能力,即可毫無困難的閱讀;相反的,閱讀電子報除了識字能力外,還須具有基本的電腦能力才行。
至於在受訪者的閱報行為及網路使用行為與電子報認知之關聯性分析中,本研究初步發現,受訪者閱讀電子報的頻率和其對電子報「新聞可信度」的認知有顯著正相關(r=.22);但與其對「電子報內容」的認知則呈負相關(r=-.22)。另一方面,受訪者的網路使用行為與其對電子報的認知則無太大關聯性。雖然在關聯性分析上,不顯著的情形居多,但值得注意的是,呈顯著相關的面向都表現在「電子報的內容」此一因素上,而且是負相關。這意味著,目前接觸電子報或網路愈頻繁的閱聽人,對電子報內容的評價卻愈低,因此,如何改進電子報的內容以吸引更多的讀者,實在值得研發者深思。
本研究還發現,受訪者中非電子報讀者對電子報的認知評價高於電子報讀者,高評價或許正因為他們對電子報持有較高的期望,而如何使電子報在網際網路上呈現的型態能符合閱聽人的期望,也是值得電子報業者注意的。 / The main purpose of this research is to portray the internet (BBS) users' cognitive intage on electronic newspaper at this stage, compared with that on printed newspaper. Besides, this study will try to discover if there is a relation between the BBS users' reading behavior on newspaper and utilizing behavior on internet. If there is one, we would like to know what it is.
This research takes as subjectes the registered users of CIS BBS at NCTU , selecting 500 samples in the way of interval sampling. Listed in the research questionnaire are the comparable items available between printed and electronic newspapers. We try to find out, in the answers of the subjects, their cognition and impression on electronic newspaper when compared with printed newspaper.
The outcome of the research tells us that in the cognition of the subjects, the major differences between printed and electronic newspaper are factors such as interactivity, availability/browsability, and objects to publish for. The subjects recognize that electronic newspaper is obviously superior to its printed counterpart in terms of interactivity between media and the readers. The printed newspaper, however, is better in terms of availability, ready to be read at anytime and anywhere; while reading electronic newspaper has to be confined within the locations where there are computers. Furthermore, the subjects also think that the printed newspaper is published for everyone--as long as they are literate, they can read without difficulty; on the other hand, to read electronic newspaper the readers must have basic command in operating computer in addition to being literate.
In the correlation analysis of the subjects' reading behavior on newspaper and utilizing behavior on internet with their cognition on electronic newspaper, we find initiatively in the research that the subjects' reading frequency on electronic newspaper and the cognition of 'reliability of news' on electronic newspaper have a saliently positive correlation (r=.22), but the frequency and the cognition of 'content of electronic newspaper' have a negative correlation (r=-.22). On the other hand, the correlation between the subjects' utilizing behavior on internet and their cognition on electronic newspaper is very low.
Although in the correlation analysis non-salient cases prevails, but it is worth noticing that all the salient correlation aspects appear on the 'content of electronic newspaper'--and the correlation are all negative. This means that the more frequently the readers access electronic newspaper or network, the lower their evaluation toward the content of electronic newspaper. Therefore, it is a serious problem for the developers to ponder about how to promote the quality of the content of electronic newspaper in order to attract more readers.
We also find that non-electronic newspaper readers' evaluation on electronic newspaper is higher than that of the electronic newspaper readers. Higher evaluation perhaps reveals their higher expectation to electronic newspaper. How to make the way electronic newspaper presented on Internet meets the expectation of the readers is also a problem for the publishers fo think about.
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電子報的新聞介面分析謝依君 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的希望找出現階段國內電子報網頁介面設計的基本概況及發展情形,並期望了解電子報介面編排是否受到傳統版面編輯取向的影響?又是否受限於網路媒體訊息設計的慣性及特質所影響?而影響所及,電子報介面編輯與傳統的報紙版面編輯間又有何異同之處?未來電子報介面設計又是否會朝向某一趨勢或形式發展?這些問題都是目前電子報階段性介面發展的重要內涵,本研究將一一加以探討。
本研究鎖定了符合「刊行於全球資訊網上,由此一新聞或專業性組織自行產出新聞資訊,並定期於每日至少更新一次」的電子報做為研究樣本,最後一共成功訪談到23家電子報的介面編輯人員,進行問卷普查及深度訪談。希望藉由一連串針對電子報首頁及頭條新聞頁介面元素概況的問卷普查,幫助我們了解現階段國內電子報的介面設計概況,並藉由與電子報編輯間的深度訪談,進一步探究電子報介面編排的過程及考量。
研究結果發現,電子報介面編輯設計的確存有許多與傳統平面報紙相似之處。就文字方面論,電子報介面普遍有新聞標題及內文設計;而且文字資訊的使用頻率,明顯高出圖像資訊。就資訊化圖像方面論,新聞照片出現在電子報首頁的比例最高;而具統計性的資訊圖表,也以首頁居多。就整體介面內容論,電子報介面也有類似分欄的塊狀設計,用以區分資訊類別;而廣告設計也是電子報首頁介面的重要元素之一。
然而,研究結果同時也發現,在電腦訊息設計等新傳媒科技等影響下,電子報的介面設計也存有許多不同於傳統平面報紙版面編輯的新象內容。以文字資訊論,現階段電子報介面上的文字走向一律為由左至右的橫排方式;而且新聞標題還增加了向內或向外的鏈結功能。以資訊化圖像論,目前新聞照片的比例雖然不高,但示意用的資訊化圖像卻屬相當普遍的介面設計。以整體介面設計論,報頭設計與可供點選的目錄群普遍有重覆出現在所有介面的傾向;資料庫的搜尋設計也延伸了網路媒體資訊的深度與廣度;如信件區、討論區、留言版等與讀者溝通的管道則是電子報介面設計必備的內容;並有相當高的比例採用了主色調的全彩設計。
而電子報介面設計未來的趨勢發展則應朝更便利、更易使用的角度發展,儘量減少讀者的使用成本,加強網路間互動層面的深度與廣度,提升寬頻網路的傳輸效能,以提供更多元的電子資訊、商務服務。另外還可與其他媒體相輔相成,增設更多的加值服務內容,充分運用網路媒體的特質及利基。
總之,媒材的型式特質與其介面上的設計模式間,甚至與讀者的閱讀習慣及模式,勢必都存有互為因果的影響關係,電子報所具備的互動、即時、資訊無限延伸、介面無限擴張、全球化等網路媒體專屬的特質,一方面體現於介面設計的模式及編排上,一方面也深受介面設計模式的影響,而這一切更隨時牽動著讀者的使用習慣以及電子報未來的發展方向。因此本研究希望能藉由對電子報介面設計的趨勢分析,為現階段電子報的介面發展歷程留下些許記錄,或許能為未來相關領域的研究提供一二參考。
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網際網路線上出版業之經營策略分析--以電子報產業為例王仲儀 Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文以網際網路上的電子報網站的經營,來討論網際網路線上出版業的經營策略。本研究以兩個方向來討論電子報網站的經營,一個是網站內容方面,包括網站新聞的更新頻次、網站的推廣與網站內容的取向等等,一個是網站廣告方面,包括上站人次的增加、廣告版面的安排與廣告的推廣與承攬。
在研究方法方面,本研究透過討論國內五個較為知名的電子報網站,來瞭解電子報網站在經營上實際的作法,其中有中時電子報、ETA/TVBS新聞發射臺、PC home、中華電視公司全球資訊網、民生天地等,另外在網站收益方面,訪問廣告代理商在購買網站廣告時所考量的因素。
本文主要的結論有以下幾點:
1.電子報網站的內容是經營的基石,內容是一個網站經營最先應該注意的事;
2.電子報網站應該竭力做到即時的更新;
3.電子報網站可以利用辨活動、製造話題等方式來增加新的顧客;
4.電子報網站可以利用一些附加功能,諸如資料庫的搜尋、熱門新聞討論等,以建立與顧客之間的長遠關係,讓顧客能夠經常造訪;
5.品牌知名度是電子報網站重要的資產;
6.線路頻寬是上站人次的限制條件,因此應該儘可能的投資於網站的線路頻寬。
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網站經營業者發展階段關鍵資源之研究吳瓊雯 Unknown Date (has links)
根據美國Morgan Stanley公司的研究指出,以普及5,000萬名使用者為基準,廣播、電視和有線電視分別需時38年、13年和10年,而網際網路卻只用不到5年的時間,在北美就達到5,000萬名使用者規模。可見網際網路已經成為成長最快的媒體。另一方面,全球網站的數目增加速度更是驚人,由1993年6月的130個成長到1998年11月的約352萬個網站,可見網站的經營已經成為一種Business,且將蘊藏龐大的商機,因此企業在面對網站經營的新興產業生態該掌握何種關鍵資源,便成為本研究所欲探討的主題。
本研究希望藉由美國成功的網站經營業者公司之發展過程,分析出網站經營業者在不同階段的發展過程裡關鍵資源為何、其特性為何,以及如何取得這些關鍵資源。一方面,為企業管理理論注入新的生命與內涵;另一方面,可以為網際網路這個新興產業中的網站經營業者提供從創意到生產產品,到公司成長階段所需的各項關鍵資源之具體描述以及作法,引導網站經營業者在快速的環境變化中,迅速掌握關鍵資源,以在網站經營業者中搶得先機。
本研究根據網站經營業者最主要提供之服務項目或網站業者創立時之定位將網站經營業者區分為「網路內容匯集者」以及「網路內容提供者」兩種型態,並分析網站經營業者在公司發展的不同階段中,關鍵資源為何,以及各項關鍵資源之特性和取得方式。
經由個案研究以及專家訪談,本研究經過事後的歸納、整理以及推衍,本研究得出下列之重要發現:
1. 不論何種類型之網站,在整個網站經營的過程中,都需要人才、資金、市場以及互補性產業等關鍵資源。但由於網站類型不同,這些關鍵資源需要的量以及階段將有所不同。
2. 不論何種類型之網站經營業者,提供專業、品質高、成本低、時效快的互補性產業,皆為公司發展之重要關鍵因素。
3. 不論何種類型之網站經營業者,市場的大小直接影響外界資源投入的意願以及該產業的成長速度。
4. 由於國家和文化的差異,將影響網站經營業者取得關鍵資源之方式。
5. 網站經營業者公司之發展階段與一般產業有所不同,網站經營業者早期進入障礙極低;另外,發展過程有一段non-profit之階段。
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 2
第三節 研究章節大要 3
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 網際網路網站的分類 7
第二節 公司發展階段之分類 13
第三節 公司發展階段之關鍵資源 28
第三章 網際網路簡介 55
第一節 網際網路發展史簡介 55
第二節 全球網際網路發展現況 59
一、網路發展指標介紹及定義 59
二、全球網際網路發展 62
第三節 我國網際網路發展現況 70
一、我國網際網路資訊內容發展 70
二、國內網際網路大事紀 71
第四節 網路產業發展概況 75
一、網路產業成員 75
二、網路業者演化過程 76
三、網路業者之收益來源 78
四、網路產業發展概況 78
第四章 研究方法 93
第一節 研究架構與研究變項 93
一、研究架構 93
二、研究變項 94
第二節 研究方法 96
第三節 研究個案選取與資料收集 96
第五章 個案分析 103
第一節 CNET(CNWK) 103
第二節 中時電子報 131
第三節 雅虎(YAHOO!) 152
第四節 蕃薯藤數位科技股份有限公司 180
第五節 個案分析 203
第六章 命題發展 209
第一節 網站經營業者起始階段之關鍵資源 209
第二節 網站經營業者成長階段之關鍵資源 220
第七章 結論與建議 229
第一節 命題之匯總 229
第二節 研究發現與建議 231
第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議 235
第八章 參考文獻 237
一、中文部分 237
二、英文部分 240 / Abstract
A research conducted by Morgan Stanley has pointed out that it took less than five years for internet to attract more than 50 millions users. For the same user scale, it was 38 years for broadcasting, 13 years for television, and 10 years for cable television. Without no doubt, internet has been the fastest growing media in this century. In the meantime, the amount of website increased even more dramatically in the last several years. The amount of web was 130 in June 1993, and was 3.52 millions in November 1998. The start-up of website has become a new business model, and could be foresee to have a great potential in the future. The focus of this research is to examine what is key resources in managing website business in such a new industrial environment.
By examining the cases of successful website companies’ development process, this research analyzes what are the key resources in different development phases, what are their characteristics, and how to attain those key resources. On the one hand, this research wish it could bring some contributions to management theory in the understanding of internet industries, on the other hand, it intends to offer some insights about the key resources in different development phases for internet business manager. Based on the industrial environment and research described above, the research topics are as follow:
1. What are the key resources of the development of the website companies in different phases?
2. What are the characteristic of these key resources?
3. How do these website companies acquire the key resources they need?
According to the services the website companies have provided, and the positioning the websites were founded, this research distinguish the website companies into two categories: “internet content accumulator” and “internet content provider”. In this research two kind of websites’ key resources, their main characteristics, and ways of acquirement have been examined separately.
By conducting case studies and interviews, the research found that out of the differences in business models and the contents they provide, different kind of websites require different key resources in their development process. In addition, key resources in different development phases are diverse as well.
The hypotheses of the research are as follow:
Hypothesis 1: In the commencing phase of website company, key human capitals the content providers (in this research, they are originally traditional media companies.) require are more diversified than that of the content accumulator.
Hypothesis 1-1: In the commencing phase of website company, the key resources in human capitals the content providers require are network technology, content production, and relevant management skills.
Hypothesis 1-2: In the commencing phase of website company, the key resource in human capital the content providers require is network technology.
Hypothesis 2: In the commencing phase of website company, the capital investment the content providers require is higher than the content accumulator.
Hypothesis 2-1: In the commencing phase of website company, the investment of venture capital which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is one of the most decisive resources for content providers.
Hypothesis 2-2: In the commencing phase of website company, the capital investment is not crucial for the portal websites of content accumulator.
Hypothesis 3: In the commencing phase of website company, the decisive reason for the website company to devote the market is the scale of potential market, rather than that of existing market.
Hypothesis 4: In the commencing phase of website company, the maturity of complementary industries is the key resource for the success of both two kinds of website companies.
Hypothesis 5: In the commencing phase of website company, the investment of venture capital which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is one of the most decisive resources for content providers.
Hypothesis 6: For both kinds of website companies, the young and dynamic-oriented CEO with technological and managerial background is the key resource in the grow phase of development.
Hypothesis 7: For both kinds of website companies, the ability/opportunity to acquire capital in public capital market is one of the key resources in the grow phase of development.
Hypothesis 8: In the grow phase of website companies, the investment of venture capital which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is one of the most decisive resources for content accumulator,
Hypothesis 9: For both kinds of website companies, the scale of existing market is the significant factor for the speedy development of website company in the grow phase of development.
Hypothesis 10: For both kinds of website companies, the maturity of complementary industries is the decisive factor for the speedy development of website company in the grow phase of development.
Hypothesis 10-1: For both kinds of website companies, the maturity of advertising agency which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is the key resource for the speedy development of website company in the grow phase of development.
Hypothesis 10-2: For both kinds of website companies, the maturity of content, product, or service providers which are defined as the complementary industries of internet industry is the decisive factor for the speedy development of website company in the grow phase of development.
Hypothesis 10-3: For both kinds of website companies, the maturity of public capital market which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is the decisive factor for the speedy development of website company in the grow phase of development.
Hypothesis 10-4: In the grow phase of website companies, the investment of venture capital which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is one of the most decisive resources for content accumulator.
After detailed discussions in the research, we have come to some conclusions:
1. For all kind of websites, the key resources for the start-up and development include human resource, capital investment, market, and complementary industry. But the timing and the ways and amount of using those resources are diverse.
2. For all kind of website companies, the complementary industries which are able to offer professional, high-quality, low-cost, and time-effective products or services are the decisive factors for the start-up and development of website companies.
3. For all kind of website companies, the scale of the market directly affects the incentive for external resource devotion and the speed of the industry’s grow.
4. The website companies’ ways of resources acquirement are varied between national and cultural boundary.
The entrant barrier of website industry is much lower than other industries. In addition, there is a non-profit phase in the development of website industry.
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探索網路新聞敘事結構 / Exploring the narrative structure of internet news陳雅惠, Chen, Ya Hui Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要從敘事與媒體互動的角度出發,主張媒體本身的內在特性會型塑敘事的形式,進而影響了某些類型的意義被製碼。在此研究立場之下,本論文觀察當今由各大報所推出的電子報,發現這些電子報忽略了網路媒體為敘事所提供的新表意潛能,僅把網路媒體當成最新的傳送通道,在既有的新聞敘事上未帶來更新的突破,僅用網路媒體的新瓶子裝上既有新聞的舊酒。
本論文為了能夠探索出網路媒體究竟為新聞敘事帶來哪些新可能,乃選擇回到既有敘事結構理論作考察,發現其傳承自結構主義之「故事」與「論述」二分的敘事結構,並無法回應媒體特性所帶來的變化,基本上還是將媒體特性排除在該普遍架構之外。而本論文則轉從敘事與媒體關係之研究取徑爬梳相關論點,希冀能為既有的(新聞)敘事結構注入活水,將媒體特性的表意動能納入其中,因而展開了理論建構之途徑,以提出一個能將媒體特性表意潛能考慮在內之新敘事結構。
仔細斟酌敘事理論相關文獻後,本論文認為在將敘事分為故事內容與論述表達方式二項要素中,仍可再將故事內容分成二部份,一部份是由事件與行動所組成的「情節」(plot),屬於動態部份,相對於由角色和場景所構成的存在狀態,應該比較會受到其所使用媒體特性之影響。當使用不同媒體進行說故事時,情節部份的內容就會隨媒體的表意特性而有所變化。至於由角色或場景所組成的存在條件,則是不論用什麼媒體傳達都不變,此時也才能被辨識出該故事的原型。本論文因而以情節作為觀察故事內容如何受媒體特性影響的敘事單位。接著再討論,若欲使網路的媒體特性對說新聞故事發揮表意潛能,那麼可從情節之組織結構與發聲位置著手,看網路媒體在這二項敘事要素上各提供了什麼新可能。透過理論建構,本論文提出在情節的組織結構上,網路的超文本特性已帶來了不同的故事結構,可讓故事有不同的走向;而在情節的發聲位置上,網路的互動特性也可為敘述者與敘述對象帶來新關係,進而影響了文本的聲音。本論文就根據這樣的新敘事結構,拿實際的新聞故事為案例,模擬新故事可能之敘事形式,以期達成帶來能發揮網路媒體特性的新聞。
當本論文從新敘事結構出發,對某一新聞故事進行操弄之後發現,一方面可再豐富與細緻化之前提出的網路新聞敘事理論架構,另一方面也回過頭來討論傳統奠基在新聞敘事結構之合理與實踐性,進而開啟在多媒體時代中適用的相關討論。
整體而言,本論文不但試著伸展可反應媒體特性之敘事結構理論,為數位時代中的故事帶來新觀點,以深化目前敘事相關的理論與概念;另一方面,在實務上,本論文則試圖從操弄網路媒體表意特性著手,開啟未來說故事之實務改變的可能、理由與作法。
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