本研究從心情修復觀點出發，探討不同性別消費者在正負面心情狀態下對於零食類型的選擇差異。從各種心情修復與商品享樂性相關文獻可知，消費者會藉由消費各種商品或服務來改善不好的心情，本研究鎖定零食為心情修復的商品，將零食的鹹、甜口味既存喜好與熱量高、低納入判斷零食享樂性高低之依據，並嘗試用心情修復理論（mood-repair）與補償性消費（compensatory consumption）來解釋零食作為心情修復商品的原因。 本研究將消費者對於鹹、甜口味的個人既存喜好納入考慮，發現零食的享樂性確實會受到消費者個人偏好所影響。研究結果發現，熱量高的零食帶給消費者較高的享樂性感受，而個人對於鹹、甜口味的偏好，也會直接影響消費者對零食的享樂性高低感受，因此不能概括論定甜（鹹）一種口味就具有較高的享樂性。此外，本研究也發現男、女消費者在零食的選擇上是有所差異的，表示在消費者需要用零食進行心情修復時，性別差異其實也可能影響其零食選擇。本研究也針對熱量資訊，探討熱量呈現的有無是否有調節消費者選擇的效果，發現心情不好時，消費者的零食選擇會有受到熱量資訊影響的趨勢。 因為消費者可能會在「享樂、放縱自己」與「健康、愛護自己」之間加以取捨，所以如果想要在市場上推出新零食，可考慮消費者日益重視的健康因素，在零食產品面朝向低卡、低脂或低糖、低鹽等方向加以調整，而且，健康的零食老少咸宜，不限於年輕族群，未來將可能會有更大的市場。

本研究的主要目的是要瞭解一般人對宜蘭成為美食之都的可行性認知。為了完成這個目的，首先進行量表的編制與測試，量表的編制是以 UNESCO的文獻為基礎，翻譯其列舉的8項指標，作為「UNESCO美食之都指標量表」的題目。然後再從至2013年6月為止，獲選的四個城市的申請資料中，找出每個城市獲選的其它特色，在UNESCO官方網站的資料中，發現四個城市當中共有6個特殊的獲選項目，作為「UNESCO四個美食之都的特色條件量表」的題目。 UNESCO的所有相關資料中，也都會將有機、慢活等因素列入參考或評選，本研究也特別根據慢城憲章的評分表，選出18個項目，作為「慢城量表」的題目。既然聯合國所推動的是創意城市，而以美食等7個主題作為其創意城市的特色，以美食為例，美食不可能單獨存在，他必須有其創意城市的脈絡，所以本研究也利用Florida 的4T概念，確認衡量創意城市的條件，共設計8個項目，作為「創意城鄉量表」的題目。 根據這些文獻分析的結果，本研究編製了衡量美食創意城鄉的所有量表，共計40題，透過網路媒介蒐集資料，最後共蒐集有效樣本364份（宜蘭人141人，非宜蘭人223人），各項個人背景變項之性別部分，男性共173人（47.5%），女性共191人（42.5%）；年齡部分，16-24歲共180人（49.5%），25-29歲共99人（27.2%），30-34歲共43人（11.8%），35歲以上共42人（11.5%）；教育程度部分，大學人數最高共218人（60.0%），碩士含碩士以上次之共107人（29.4%）。本研究將衡量美食創意城鄉的所有量表作因素分析，並且列出各個因素的Cronbach's α值。 「UNESCO美食之都指標量表」的因素分析結果，跑出一個因素（α值=.801）。「UNESCO四個美食之都的特色條件量表」，因素分析的結果，跑出一個因素（α=.763）。原來的「UNESCO美食之都指標量表」（8題），再加上「UNESCO四個美食之都的特色條件量表」（6題），共14個題目，一起進行因素分析，共萃取「傳統美食特色」（α=.729）、「多元食材與文化特色」（α=.750）、「美食推廣」（α=.746）三個因素。 「慢城量表」的18個題目，經因素分析結果，共萃取2個因素，第一個因素為「有機生活文化傳承」（α值=.886），第二個因素為「經營管理旅遊觀光」（α值=.861）。 根據Florida 4T理論編制的「創意城鄉量表」之8個題目，經因素分析結果，共萃取2個因素，第一個因素為「人才、環境、包容」（α值=.812），第二個因素為「科技應用」（α值=.876）。 從各因素構面的平均值來判斷，在李克氏五點量表中都是在普通之上，一般人的可行性認知接近同意程度，從最高至最低依序為（1）「傳統美食特色」（4.09）；（2）「UNESCO 美食之都指標」（3.96）；（3）「美食推廣」（3.91）；（4）「UNESCO 4個美食之都的特色條件」（3.86）；（5）「人才、環境、包容」（3.32）；（6）「多元食材與文化特色」（3.78）；（7）「有機生活文化傳承」（3.74）；（8）「經營管理旅遊觀光」（3.6）；（9）「科技應用」（3.32）。 本研究也分析宜蘭人/非宜蘭人和性別在各項因素上的表現和差異性，在「UNESCO 4個美食之都的特色條件」、「傳統美食特色」、「多元食材與文化特色」、「美食推廣」、「有機生活文化傳承」和「人才、環境、包容」共6個因素構面上，宜蘭人的可行性認知顯著大於非宜蘭人。另外一個交互影響是男性宜蘭人在「有機生活文化傳承」方面的可行性認知顯著大於女性宜蘭人。 從單一的題目角度來看，更能顯示研究對象的具體看法，本研究的問卷總共40個題目，這40題目在李克氏五點量表中，3為普通，4為同意，5為非常同意，在4.0以上的題目包括（1）「擁有豐盛的小吃（在地小吃、夜市小吃、特色小吃）」（4.26）；（2）「在傳統的烹飪中會使用在地食材」（4.22）；（3）「擁有豐富的生物多樣性及自然資源」（4.17）；（4）「推動環保有效，維護好山好水」（4.16）；（5）「促進並保護當地的文化活動」（4.12）；（6）「擁有傳統的市場和傳統的食品產業」（4.09）；（7）「可以發展美食作為其特色」（4.07）；（8）「尊重環境並推動當地產品的永續性」（4.04）；（9）「有計畫提高歷史、傳統工藝與文化的價值」（4.04）。這些被受試者認可的項目，相當能夠反映宜蘭的特色，一般來說宜蘭人的評分是比較高的，以「擁有豐盛的小吃（在地小吃、夜市小吃、特色小吃）」為例，宜蘭人的平均是4.44，而非宜蘭人的平均數則為4.15。 本研究顯示，一般人針對宜蘭建構成為美食創意城鄉的可行性認知相當高，不僅宜蘭人認為可行性高，連非宜蘭人也認為是可行的。最後，本研究根據研究結果，對宜蘭的未來發展方向及建構美食創意城鄉，提供建議以供參考。 / The primary goal of this research is to understand the feasibility of Yilan becoming a “city of gastronomy.” To this end, the UNESCO City of Gastronomy Indicator Scale was constructed and tested based on Chinese translations of 8 indicators from UNESCO literature. Further, the UNESCO Four Cities of Gastronomy Features Conditions Scale was constructed by analyzing features of the four UNESCO cities (as of June 2013) selected as cities of gastronomy. These qualities were aggregated into 6 items. As relevant UNESCO literature all incorporates organic or Slow Living factors into their consideration, this research constructed a Slow City Scale composed of 18 items based on the Slow City Charter indicators. Finally, while gastronomy is one of the 7 themes listed by the United Nations as qualities of a creative city, gastronomy alone is not enough to make a creative city; a complete creative city context is necessary. Thus, a Creative City Scale was constructed of 8 items derived from Florida’s 4T’s concept in order to measure conditions for a creative city. Based on the results of the literature analysis, the scales constructed in this research to measure qualities of a city of gastronomy included a total of 40 items. A total of 364 effective samples (141 from Yilan and 223 from outside Yilan) were collected online. Factor analysis was completed for all of the items in the scales, and Cronbach’s α obtained for each factor. Results of the factor analysis for the UNESCO City of Gastronomy Indicator Scale produced a single factor (α=.801 ),and results of the factor analysis for the UNESCO Four Cities of Gastronomy Features Conditions Scale also produced a single factor (α=.763). A combined scale factor analysis was completed using the combined 14 items from the UNESCO City of Gastronomy Indicator Scale (8 items) and the UNESCO Four Cities of Gastronomy Features Conditions Scale (6 items), and three factors were extracted: traditional gastronomy features (α=.729 ); diverse in-gredients and cultural characteristics (α=.750 ); and gastronomy promotion (α=.746 ). A factor analysis of the 18 items in Slow City Scale extracted 2 factors: organic living and cultural heritage (α=.886 ); and tourism management (α=.861 ). A factor analysis of the 8 items in the Creative City Scale constructed from Florida’s 4T’s concept extracted 2 factors: talent, territory, and tolerance (α=.812 ); and technology applications (α=.876 ). Means for all of the factors, were above 3 on a 5-point Likert scale, indicating that in general, respondents agreed it was feasible for Yilan to become a city of gastronomy. From highest to lowest, mean scores were as follows: 1)traditional gastronomy features(4.09); 2)UNESCO city of gastronomy indicator(3.96); 3)gastronomy promotion(3.91); 4)UNESCO four cities of gastronomy features conditions(3.86); 5)talent, territory, and tolerance(3.32); 6)diverse living and cultural characteristics(3.78); 7)organic living and cultural heritage(3.74); 8) tourism management(3.6); and 9)technology applications(3.32). This research also analyzed differences in responses between respondents from Yilan and from outside of Yilan, and of different genders. For six factors (UNESCO four cities of gastronomy features conditions; tra-ditional gastronomy features; diverse living and cultural character-istics; gastronomy promotion; organic living and cultural heritage; and talent, territory, and tolerance), perceived feasibility was higher for those from Yilan and than those from outside of Yilan. Further, there was an interaction effect regarding “organic living and cultural heritage,” as males from Yilan had higher perceived feasibility than females from Yilan. When viewed individually, items offer a more comprehensive understanding of respondents’ perspectives. The questionnaire consisted of 40 items, and using Likert scale, 3 is “average” and, 4 is “agree”and,5 is “very agree”. Item with mean scores above 4.0 includes the following: 1) have abundant local cuisine (e.g., local, night market, specialty) (4.26); 2) use of local ingredients in traditional cooking (4.22); 3) have abundant biodiversity and natural resources（4.17）; 4) promote ecofriendly practices, and protect the environment (4.16); 5) develop and protect local cultural activities (4.12); 6) have traditional market and food industries (4.09); 7) can develop gastronomy as its characteristic features (4.07); 8) respect the environment and promote sustainability of local product’s（4.04）；9) have plans to improve the value of history, traditional craft art, and culture (4.04). The qualities recognized by the respondents can be used to reflect the dominant features of Yilan,. Naturally, local Yilan residents provided higher scores , for example, Yilan locals averaged 4.44 (from outside of Yilan 4.15)for the item “have abundant local cuisine.” This research indicates, respondents’ perceived feasibility of Yilan becoming a creative city of gastronomy is rather high. This was true of not just Yilan locals, but also of people from outside of Yilan. Based on these results, suggestions are provided for the construction of Yilan as a creative city of gastronomy.

法國的餐廳數量在法國大革命後快速增加，出外用餐成為人們的生活習慣，顧客的消費影響了法國的飲食文化。18世紀19世紀間，布爾喬亞成為法國物質消費的主體，其中的飲食消費佔了日常生活中的一大部分。他們的消費行為為飲食文化帶來了一股新風潮，例如新穎的食材、高級餐廳、餐桌禮儀到用餐時間的改變等等。為了與社會中其他階級作區別，布爾喬亞藉由飲食新風潮來界定「品味」的標準，以此做為其階級符碼。本文擬從布爾喬亞消費品味的角度探究19世紀的史料，從中分析法國的政治及社會環境如何影響18至19世紀的飲食文化，並從社會學探究空間、消費心態和區隔的研究方法討論「階級認同」的形塑過程中時人與環境的相互影響。

Little Nara is a teppanyaki style restaurant that will offer a different alternative for our customers in Bogota. We offer dishes prepared in front of our customers guaranteeing freshness, quality and delicious taste with a traditional Japanese taste. All of this with an excellent customer service. The gastronomy in Colombia is a sector that still has big potential and customers that seek for variety and innovation on the cuisine. We offer affordable teppanyaki style cooked food with traditional flavors and ingredients not usually included in similar restaurants. Our target market are mid to high income, in productive stage of life. From the research done, we are confident that Little Nara will be a successful option for individuals to enjoy a different food option when eating out of home.

由於近年來國內外食品安全事件風波不斷，台灣一連串的食品安全問題接連引爆，台灣美食王國的聲譽嚴重受到衝擊，不僅讓大多數國人對台灣食品安全失去信賴度，也讓消費者蒙受各種損失及健康風險，多數人對食品產業失去信心，食品產業也同時面臨極大考驗，甚至引起經營危機。 我國以農為本，昔日農業是臺灣經濟發展的根本，現代農業則是具備糧食安全、生態環境、文化特色及國土保育等多元角色。稻米產業是保證國民營養安全健康的民生產業，其在構建和完善糧食安全保障體系中具有重要地位。 多數市售包裝米的供應商於近年來經過食安危機後，面臨最關鍵的行銷轉型期，本研究透過蒐集相關文獻及官方資料，瞭解目前臺灣地區食品安全現況，首先探討政府單位對食品安全相關管理機制政策的轉變，進而探討包裝米業者因應的產品及行銷策略，最後則是探討市場端，分析『消費行為』與『通路商的經營模式』。希望透過《聯米企業》個案公司之行銷深入探討，試圖歸納並驗證如何讓台灣市售包裝米市場在面臨消費者對米食的多樣性和品質需求變化，以及在外部環境快速競爭下，發展出『質與量』並重的行銷策略，讓生產端和供給面能夠跟上需求的變化，以提供台灣糧食產業在食安危機議題下突破重圍的策略參考。 本研究結論期許食安管理體系再造，政府、企業和民眾能共同努力，創造三贏的局面，讓台灣的食品業能在全球化競爭中打造核心優勢，連帶也促進食品產業升級。應驗透過強化食品安全的治理體系、業者自律與全民參與的方式，達到「從農場到餐桌（From Farm to Table），確保食品安全」的目標，帶給國人生活最安心的保障。

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21607号 / 理博第4514号 / 新制||理||1648(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)講師 嶋田 知生, 教授 長谷 あきら, 教授 鹿内 利治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

文化的變遷，戰後台灣飲食書寫已是多元而龐雜，八○年代末期始發表飲食篇章的韓良露，經過二十多年的耕耘，至今已有七冊共二百多篇飲食文本。韓良露以劇作家、電視製作人、生活美食家多重角色現身文壇，本非傳統純文學創作的身分，因此她的飲食書寫雜有旅行、電影、商業等元素，不易適切歸類。然而，其文本確實呈現了臺灣當代飲食書寫的另一種風格，即是在文化工業底下，展現文學大眾化的取向，擺脫前期單以懷舊為書寫筆調，用簡單的文字、真誠的心態、多方的飲食知識說美食、講人生、談生活，除了感性地藉飲食形塑情感記憶與成長歷程，以知性之眼凝視本土飲食文化的遞嬗外，更呼籲人們正視工業科技及全球化後所附帶的生活危機，積極倡導慢食運動，拉近人們與食物的距離，使讀者將嚴肅的知識文化輕鬆入口，立刻感受閱讀後片刻的沈醉與品味生命中的美好滋味。 本論文以韓良露飲食文本的歷史背景、主題思想、書寫策略、藝術表現為研究對象，分作六章論述。第一章緒論，主要說明個人的研究動機、研究範圍方法及論文架構。第二章歷史觀照與文化轉變，重點在探討戰後飲食文化、飲食書寫的發展概況，並且整理作家的家庭背景、成長過程、人生經歷。第三章韓良露飲食書寫主題，分別從記憶、旅行、情慾展開研究，盼由飲食有關的主題內容，覓得她的情感脈絡與生活感發。第四章韓良露飲食書寫策略，由時空概念、文化工業、隱喻系統、互文指涉、小品辨體分析其飲食文本的藝術魅力，目的在探討作家筆下塑造的美味情境。第五章韓良露筆下的飲食意識，以文化、生活、人生三方面疏通作家的生命哲理，指出作家對現代人飲食的隱憂與呼籲。第六章提出研究總結，找出韓良露飲食書寫的特色與定位，最後對於未來相關研究給予建議。 / With the transition of society and culture, post-war dietetic literature has become more diverse and complex. Han began to present the dietetic writings from 1980s and since then has produced 7 volumes with more than 200 dietetics texts. Although a playwright, producer and gourmet, Han is far from being a traditional creator of literature since the ingredients in her dietetic texts mix elements of travel, movies, and commerce. As a result, it is not easy to classify her texts. However, they have opened a new chapter in the expression of Taiwanese contemporary dietetic literature with a stylish flair for diet, lifestyle and living. All this is served up in simple digestible words for the masses that come flavored with a wealth of dietetic wisdom. Her works mold the memory of her passion for creating dietetic texts and a sensitive grasp of local dietary culture in transition. But she also alerts her readers to the challenges posed by the information age and globalization. Her solution is a ‘slow food’ campaign that will revive the tie of people with their food. This is aided by her writings that let readers indulge in the delicacies of life. The six-chapter thesis covers a historical background, threads of thoughts, writing strategies, and art performance of Han’s dietetic texts. The first chapter introduces motivation, methodology, and structure of the thesis. The second chapter (Historical Review and Cultural Transition) follows up to expound upon post-war dietetic culture, the development of dietetics writings and Han’s family background, growth, and life experience. The third chapter focuses on the theme of Han’s dietetic writings from the aspects of memory, travel and sexual passion. As can be expected, we can discover Han’s affection and passion for life. The fourth chapter (Han’s Dietetic Writing Strategies) analyzes the artistic fascination and discusses the delicious situation created by Han’s texts in terms of the concept of time and space, cultural industry, metaphorical system, intertextuality and essay differentiation. The fifth chapter (The Dietetic Consciousness of Han’s Texts) points out Han’s philosophy of life, secret worries and appeals through angles of culture, living and life. The sixth chapter (Conclusion) explores the features and position of dietetic writings, brings suggestions, and points to future research.

影響俄國民眾購買有機食品的因素之研究 / The aim of this paper is to explore consumers’ attitudes and identify factors influencing willingness to pay within the context of Russian organic food market. The Theory of Planned Behavior informs the research framework and the hypotheses are tested via hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The survey was distributed online and a total sample of 231 questionnaires was used for this study. The findings indicate that health concerns, knowledge of organic food and trust in organic food claims are all important predictors of consumers’ attitudes, as well as willingness to pay a premium price for organic food, while environment-consciousness appears to be unimportant in contrast to findings from previous research. Additionally, subjective norms are also found to have a strong influence on willingness to pay premium price for organic products.

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付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22482号 / 農博第2386号 / 新制||農||1075(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R2||N5262(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科生物資源経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 辻村 英之, 教授 秋津 元輝, 教授 足立 芳宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM