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臺灣鄉鎮圖書館營運模式之研究:以宜蘭縣為例黃文玉, Huang, wen-yu Unknown Date (has links)
鄉鎮圖書館為臺灣地區最基層之公立公共圖書館,關切鄉鎮圖書館營運問題,其發展能否跟得上現代化、科技化的腳步,足以勝任新世紀圖書館新功能和新角色,有效提升鄉鎮圖書館的營運成效,藉以提供相關主管單位、圖書館經營者及有志投入鄉鎮圖書館服務者,以及修訂相關法制時規劃參考之用,以期改善鄉鎮圖書館的服務。
本研究方法採用問卷調查及訪談方式,問卷調查宜蘭縣12所鄉鎮圖書館,輔以調查各鄉鎮圖書館人力資源,呈現各鄉鎮圖書館之經營情況。訪談則包含1位文化局圖書資訊課課長、12鄉鎮圖書館管理員及2位鄉鎮市長。
本研究結果呈現宜蘭縣鄉鎮圖書館基本上營運正常,但仍需持續改善:一、鄉鎮圖書館人員素質無法有效提升,發展受限,應培訓在職專業人力,努力爭取合理員額及專業人員的加入;二、鄉鎮圖書館財政困難,購書經費短少,藉由主動爭取補助款及妥善運用各項社會資源,以因應經費相關問題;三、館藏仍需持續充實及更新、典藏地方資料、定期進行館藏質量評鑑,以持續改善館藏資源;四、全縣公共圖書館採一證通用,流通政策統一,將來藉由館際代借代還,圖書館可較彈性的開放時間,持續提升服務品質與提高讀者滿意度;五、已完成圖書館網路化環境,成為鄉鎮網路資源的學習中心。
本研究建議:落實推展公共圖書館營運基準施行,有效擴展鄉鎮圖書館經費來源,加強館際合作交流、規劃圖書館合理員額,充實專業人力,主動積極辦理行動圖書館、社區書香小站,修訂相關法令,改進鄉鎮圖書館體制與編制,以促進鄉鎮圖書館之發展。 / There’s no doubt that Taiwan public libraries’ future prosperity will depend heavily on rural libraries management. As we stride into the 21st century, it is important to have public libraries fit modern and technical trends while rural libraries play a very important role in this issue. The result of this study provides the relate master unit, library management team and those who intend to devote themselves in rural library services with the reference of amending related regulations to enhance effectiveness of library operation and to improve rural library services.
The methods of this study include questionnaire survey and interview. Questionnaire survey covers twelve rural libraries of I-Lan County, supported with libraries’ human resources to show the operation situation of each rural library. Interviews were made with one government officer from the Bureau of Cultural Affairs, twelve rural librarians and two rural government mayors.
The result of this study indicates that libraries in the I-Lan County are basically running smoothly but still need improvement for the following: 1) to strengthen the training program for librarians and to attractive the participation of specialists. 2) due to shortage of financial resources and budget limitation, it is encouraged that well manage culture resources and donation from society. 3) update the collection quality and quantity. 4)to unify the system of inter-library loan service procedure and to simplify the inter institutional transmission in order to meet reader’s satisfaction. 5)completing the network for rural libraries in order to meet the goal for the community learning center.
This study suggested the realization promotes the public library management into execution, effectively expands the rural libraries fund to originated, strengthens the inter institutional exchange program, the enrichment specialized manpower, initiative handles the motion library and circulating library also the revision correlation law to increase the effectiveness of operations and development for rural libraries.
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建構美食的創意城鄉之探討─以宜蘭為例 / An exploration of the construction of a creative city of gastronomy : A case of Yilan韋文豐, Wei, Wen Feng Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的主要目的是要瞭解一般人對宜蘭成為美食之都的可行性認知。為了完成這個目的,首先進行量表的編制與測試,量表的編制是以 UNESCO的文獻為基礎,翻譯其列舉的8項指標,作為「UNESCO美食之都指標量表」的題目。然後再從至2013年6月為止,獲選的四個城市的申請資料中,找出每個城市獲選的其它特色,在UNESCO官方網站的資料中,發現四個城市當中共有6個特殊的獲選項目,作為「UNESCO四個美食之都的特色條件量表」的題目。
UNESCO的所有相關資料中,也都會將有機、慢活等因素列入參考或評選,本研究也特別根據慢城憲章的評分表,選出18個項目,作為「慢城量表」的題目。既然聯合國所推動的是創意城市,而以美食等7個主題作為其創意城市的特色,以美食為例,美食不可能單獨存在,他必須有其創意城市的脈絡,所以本研究也利用Florida 的4T概念,確認衡量創意城市的條件,共設計8個項目,作為「創意城鄉量表」的題目。
根據這些文獻分析的結果,本研究編製了衡量美食創意城鄉的所有量表,共計40題,透過網路媒介蒐集資料,最後共蒐集有效樣本364份(宜蘭人141人,非宜蘭人223人),各項個人背景變項之性別部分,男性共173人(47.5%),女性共191人(42.5%);年齡部分,16-24歲共180人(49.5%),25-29歲共99人(27.2%),30-34歲共43人(11.8%),35歲以上共42人(11.5%);教育程度部分,大學人數最高共218人(60.0%),碩士含碩士以上次之共107人(29.4%)。本研究將衡量美食創意城鄉的所有量表作因素分析,並且列出各個因素的Cronbach's α值。
「UNESCO美食之都指標量表」的因素分析結果,跑出一個因素(α值=.801)。「UNESCO四個美食之都的特色條件量表」,因素分析的結果,跑出一個因素(α=.763)。原來的「UNESCO美食之都指標量表」(8題),再加上「UNESCO四個美食之都的特色條件量表」(6題),共14個題目,一起進行因素分析,共萃取「傳統美食特色」(α=.729)、「多元食材與文化特色」(α=.750)、「美食推廣」(α=.746)三個因素。
「慢城量表」的18個題目,經因素分析結果,共萃取2個因素,第一個因素為「有機生活文化傳承」(α值=.886),第二個因素為「經營管理旅遊觀光」(α值=.861)。
根據Florida 4T理論編制的「創意城鄉量表」之8個題目,經因素分析結果,共萃取2個因素,第一個因素為「人才、環境、包容」(α值=.812),第二個因素為「科技應用」(α值=.876)。
從各因素構面的平均值來判斷,在李克氏五點量表中都是在普通之上,一般人的可行性認知接近同意程度,從最高至最低依序為(1)「傳統美食特色」(4.09);(2)「UNESCO 美食之都指標」(3.96);(3)「美食推廣」(3.91);(4)「UNESCO 4個美食之都的特色條件」(3.86);(5)「人才、環境、包容」(3.32);(6)「多元食材與文化特色」(3.78);(7)「有機生活文化傳承」(3.74);(8)「經營管理旅遊觀光」(3.6);(9)「科技應用」(3.32)。
本研究也分析宜蘭人/非宜蘭人和性別在各項因素上的表現和差異性,在「UNESCO 4個美食之都的特色條件」、「傳統美食特色」、「多元食材與文化特色」、「美食推廣」、「有機生活文化傳承」和「人才、環境、包容」共6個因素構面上,宜蘭人的可行性認知顯著大於非宜蘭人。另外一個交互影響是男性宜蘭人在「有機生活文化傳承」方面的可行性認知顯著大於女性宜蘭人。
從單一的題目角度來看,更能顯示研究對象的具體看法,本研究的問卷總共40個題目,這40題目在李克氏五點量表中,3為普通,4為同意,5為非常同意,在4.0以上的題目包括(1)「擁有豐盛的小吃(在地小吃、夜市小吃、特色小吃)」(4.26);(2)「在傳統的烹飪中會使用在地食材」(4.22);(3)「擁有豐富的生物多樣性及自然資源」(4.17);(4)「推動環保有效,維護好山好水」(4.16);(5)「促進並保護當地的文化活動」(4.12);(6)「擁有傳統的市場和傳統的食品產業」(4.09);(7)「可以發展美食作為其特色」(4.07);(8)「尊重環境並推動當地產品的永續性」(4.04);(9)「有計畫提高歷史、傳統工藝與文化的價值」(4.04)。這些被受試者認可的項目,相當能夠反映宜蘭的特色,一般來說宜蘭人的評分是比較高的,以「擁有豐盛的小吃(在地小吃、夜市小吃、特色小吃)」為例,宜蘭人的平均是4.44,而非宜蘭人的平均數則為4.15。
本研究顯示,一般人針對宜蘭建構成為美食創意城鄉的可行性認知相當高,不僅宜蘭人認為可行性高,連非宜蘭人也認為是可行的。最後,本研究根據研究結果,對宜蘭的未來發展方向及建構美食創意城鄉,提供建議以供參考。 / The primary goal of this research is to understand the feasibility of Yilan becoming a “city of gastronomy.” To this end, the UNESCO City of Gastronomy Indicator Scale was constructed and tested based on Chinese translations of 8 indicators from UNESCO literature. Further, the UNESCO Four Cities of Gastronomy Features Conditions Scale was constructed by analyzing features of the four UNESCO cities (as of June 2013) selected as cities of gastronomy. These qualities were aggregated into 6 items.
As relevant UNESCO literature all incorporates organic or Slow Living factors into their consideration, this research constructed a Slow City Scale composed of 18 items based on the Slow City Charter indicators. Finally, while gastronomy is one of the 7 themes listed by the United Nations as qualities of a creative city, gastronomy alone is not enough to make a creative city; a complete creative city context is necessary. Thus, a Creative City Scale was constructed of 8 items derived from Florida’s 4T’s concept in order to measure conditions for a creative city.
Based on the results of the literature analysis, the scales constructed in this research to measure qualities of a city of gastronomy included a total of 40 items. A total of 364 effective samples (141 from Yilan and 223 from outside Yilan) were collected online. Factor analysis was completed for all of the items in the scales, and Cronbach’s α obtained for each factor.
Results of the factor analysis for the UNESCO City of Gastronomy Indicator Scale produced a single factor (α=.801 ),and results of the factor analysis for the UNESCO Four Cities of Gastronomy Features Conditions Scale also produced a single factor (α=.763). A combined scale factor analysis was completed using the combined 14 items from the UNESCO City of Gastronomy Indicator Scale (8 items) and the UNESCO Four Cities of Gastronomy Features Conditions Scale (6 items), and three factors were extracted: traditional gastronomy features (α=.729 ); diverse in-gredients and cultural characteristics (α=.750 ); and gastronomy promotion (α=.746 ).
A factor analysis of the 18 items in Slow City Scale extracted 2 factors: organic living and cultural heritage (α=.886 ); and tourism management (α=.861 ).
A factor analysis of the 8 items in the Creative City Scale constructed from Florida’s 4T’s concept extracted 2 factors: talent, territory, and tolerance (α=.812 ); and technology applications (α=.876 ).
Means for all of the factors, were above 3 on a 5-point Likert scale, indicating that in general, respondents agreed it was feasible for Yilan to become a city of gastronomy. From highest to lowest, mean scores were as follows: 1)traditional gastronomy features(4.09); 2)UNESCO city of gastronomy indicator(3.96); 3)gastronomy promotion(3.91); 4)UNESCO four cities of gastronomy features conditions(3.86); 5)talent, territory, and tolerance(3.32); 6)diverse living and cultural characteristics(3.78); 7)organic living and cultural heritage(3.74); 8) tourism management(3.6); and 9)technology applications(3.32).
This research also analyzed differences in responses between respondents from Yilan and from outside of Yilan, and of different genders. For six factors (UNESCO four cities of gastronomy features conditions; tra-ditional gastronomy features; diverse living and cultural character-istics; gastronomy promotion; organic living and cultural heritage; and talent, territory, and tolerance), perceived feasibility was higher for those from Yilan and than those from outside of Yilan. Further, there was an interaction effect regarding “organic living and cultural heritage,” as males from Yilan had higher perceived feasibility than females from Yilan.
When viewed individually, items offer a more comprehensive understanding of respondents’ perspectives. The questionnaire consisted of 40 items, and using Likert scale, 3 is “average” and, 4 is “agree”and,5 is “very agree”. Item with mean scores above 4.0 includes the following: 1) have abundant local cuisine (e.g., local, night market, specialty) (4.26); 2) use of local ingredients in traditional cooking (4.22); 3) have abundant biodiversity and natural resources(4.17); 4) promote ecofriendly practices, and protect the environment (4.16); 5) develop and protect local cultural activities (4.12); 6) have traditional market and food industries (4.09); 7) can develop gastronomy as its characteristic features (4.07); 8) respect the environment and promote sustainability of local product’s(4.04);9) have plans to improve the value of history, traditional craft art, and culture (4.04). The qualities recognized by the respondents can be used to reflect the dominant features of Yilan,. Naturally, local Yilan residents provided higher scores , for example, Yilan locals averaged 4.44 (from outside of Yilan 4.15)for the item “have abundant local cuisine.”
This research indicates, respondents’ perceived feasibility of Yilan becoming a creative city of gastronomy is rather high. This was true of not just Yilan locals, but also of people from outside of Yilan. Based on these results, suggestions are provided for the construction of Yilan as a creative city of gastronomy.
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簡媜的自傳體散文研究許瑞秋, Rachel Unknown Date (has links)
本論文共分六章,各章章旨及其內容如下:
第一章、 緒論
主要說明簡媜的散文在文壇及學術界所獲得的迴響,從整理別人的評論中,說明研究動機,以及本論文的研究範圍與方法,並整理前人對簡媜散文的研究成果,再來是對「自傳體散文」的定義做簡要的說明。
第二章、 簡媜的斷代史
作家的生長背景和創作內容、作品風格息息相關,了解作者的生命經驗有助於對文本的解讀。本章將簡媜的生活經歷分成「童年的歡樂與傷悲」、「求學的孤寂與愛戀」、「在文壇嶄露頭角」、「結婚生子的體悟與轉變」四部份,從中了解鄉土經驗對她的影響,也認識到文學如何伴她度過高中的孤寂歲月,種下她與「文」共舞的契機,還看到簡媜在台北盆地的見聞與歷練,發現她對創作的熱愛,對文學的執著,同時看到一個文壇才女在結婚生子後,如何兼顧創作事業與家庭生活,也看到結婚生子的體驗讓簡媜的人生觀有所轉變。
第三章、 簡媜的文學創作觀
鄭明娳說:「每個夠格的創作者都有他先驗的文學理論在,但他本身並不很清楚他的文學體系是怎麼樣,他有他的文學觀、人生觀及思想,這是作者創作的原點」 。簡媜每本散文專著的出版,都標示散文創作的里程碑,為散文開創新風貌。
簡媜為自己的每一本書寫序,在序文中說明本書的創作歷程和思想主題,也表示她對文學創作的觀點。此外,整理她在演講、座談或訪談中的內容,歸納她的文學理念。 本章擬分「文學高於一切」、「最自由的文體──散文」、「以『書』為單位的創作」和「求新求變的精神」四部份來詳加探討。
第四章、 簡媜自傳體散文的主題
「自傳體散文」是一種自我省思追尋的文體,所處理的重點不是生活點滴或事件本身,也不會完整記載作者的生活經驗,而且所呈現的內容未必都是寫實的,因此,讀者很難透過文本了解作者真實的生活面貌。但是,網集簡媜的作品,細尋她在文中經常表現的主題,可了解簡媜的生命基調和情感思想。本章以「懷鄉戀土」、「親人圖像」、「人間情緣」、「生活美學」和「幻滅與完成」等小節來分析簡媜自傳體散文的主題意識。
第五章、 簡媜自傳體散文的書寫策略
簡媜具有強烈的創作意志,她是個高度自覺的作者,依照擬定的創作計畫,一一完成她想建構的散文星圖。從《水問》到《天涯海角》,乃至近期在報章雜誌發表的散文,可窺得簡媜的書寫策略。她先以散文建構個人斷代史,再擴展到對女性集體命運的思索,然後再以女性的觀點詮釋先祖渡海墾拓的歷史、抗日史和近代台灣社會的變遷史。本章將簡媜的書寫策略分成「建構自己的斷代史」、「勾繪時代女性的圖像」和「介入歷史書寫」三部分來討論。
第六章、 結論
歸納本論文的研究成果,說明簡媜自傳體散文的特色與研究意義,並提出本論文的研究侷限。
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宜蘭市道廟管理組織的研究 / A reserch of daoism temple board in I-Lan city林靜怡, Lin, Ching-I Unknown Date (has links)
本論文共約十萬字,主要在探討宜蘭市道廟的管理組織,並從分析宜蘭市道廟的特性、管理組織型態、負責人特徵等十八個變項,了解全市道廟的概況,進一步在擇取六座道廟,針對廟的特性、管理組織的脈絡結構等變項,進行相關的文獻搜集與田野調查。最後,研究者將各廟之各變項及其結構、運作的程度,分別列表比較,並做成各廟組織系統表。
本研究發現,宜蘭市的道廟普遍未將祭祀圈分區及設分區信徒,觀光型的廟較少,廟平時與外界及道教會的交流也不多;另外,廟奉祀的主神與廟之經費來源也與過去學者於其它地區的研究不同,是為宜蘭市道廟的特色。而廟的管理組織方面,組織型態今多為管理委員會,型態的變遷則多因為重建或重修。組織負責人的選擇考量要件為其個人經歷及其廟務熟悉的程度,且組織負責人個人之特質、觀念對組織之結構、脈絡、運行方式權力分配等均有相當之影響力,因此各廟管理組織之大小、分組狀況,與各廟信徒人數、組織之興辦事業,及主委均有關係。而在組織的運作上,各廟對內功能均較對外功能彰顯。
研究者最後並提出建議,希望各廟能相互擷長補短,多促進委員及委員與信徒間之接觸,並可加入同一主神之聯誼會、或者主動向傳播媒體、社會大眾告知其活動的消息,以提升管理組織之運作效率,並適時得到需要之資源。在政府方面則應避免相關法令規定陳義過高及申報之手續過程太複雜,主管單位於能力可及範圍內應主動提供各寺廟管理必要之援助,並深入瞭解管理組織運作不佳之原因,以發揮管理組織之功效。
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歷史視野下的宜蘭經驗(1981~2005) / I-LAN experience of history vision俞甯凱, Yu, Ning Kai Unknown Date (has links)
宜蘭地區的發展是臺灣史的縮影之一,宜蘭歷經原住民文化與漢人的開拓歷史,加上獨特的地理環境,成為臺灣特殊的地理區位。進入日治時期以後宜蘭地區也與臺灣其他地區一般,雖然經歷過日本政府高壓統治,卻也逐步接受近代教育洗禮以及近代化建設,而日本引進西方教育之後,宜蘭地區產生石煥長與蔣渭水,改變了臺灣史的發展也影響了宜蘭人的思維。
1945年以後,由於國民黨政府的威權統治,使得宜蘭出現黨外重要人士郭雨新,郭雨新長期當選省議員與參加黨外運動,使得宜蘭縣逐步累積黨外運動支持者。隨著郭雨新因為遭受政治打壓離開臺灣,郭雨新當年所提攜的晚輩例如林義雄、游錫堃等人,逐漸參加民主運動與選舉,另一方面由於美麗島事件的發生,以及宜蘭地方派系與國民黨中央的嫌隙問題,自1970年代開始國民黨便推出黨工參選縣長選舉,但也造成地方派系的不滿,給予黨外人士贏得縣長選舉的可能。
1981年底選舉形象清新的陳定南在意外中當選縣長,開啟了長達24年的宜蘭經驗,陳定南的許多政策也影響宜蘭甚遠。陳定南上任以後,不但實踐其清廉政策,同時展開改造公務人員與加強基礎建設,也展開了大型的公共建設,這些成果逐步在1990年代展現。在陳定南的任內一開始其著名的環保政策以及觀光政策,奠定了宜蘭縣的良好環境。陳定南時代的許多突破性表現,再加上與不畏權勢的形象,使得陳定南在宜蘭的諸多傳奇故事,令宜蘭民眾津津樂道,根本的價值就是宜蘭人需要廉能的縣長,而陳定南達成此目標。
進入1990年代,縣長游錫堃除了繼續陳定南時代的施政以外,也開創出自己獨特的文化立縣經驗,編寫縣史、創建縣史館與鄉土教育,使游錫堃逐步走出自己的路,再加上創辦宜蘭國際童玩藝術節,使之成為地方政府舉辦的最大活動,將陳定南時代以來的觀光發展目標推向頂峰,也使宜蘭人對故鄉的認同感高漲。不過也由於宜蘭地區的公共建設甚多,財政問題逐步在劉守成時代發生,過往的宜蘭經驗又發生停滯的現象,都對民進黨在宜蘭執政產生隱憂。
而宜蘭經驗其實是受到戰後臺灣發展所影響,所以陳定南等中產階級才返鄉投入選舉,藉此改變現況。宜蘭經驗與嘉義市、高雄縣兩個同屬黨外執政地區相較之下,沒有家族政治的現象,而三地區的許多表現也都有雷同之處。宜蘭經驗雖然在執政後期選舉結果不如預期,但是經歷數年沉潛,宜蘭經驗的價值再度迎回民眾的信任,同一時間臺灣幾次的重大環保事件,都使得宜蘭經驗的價值,再度彰顯,宜蘭經驗其實就是20多年來施政的核心價值。
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詩說噶瑪蘭,說噶瑪蘭詩--清代宜蘭地區古典詩研究林麗鳳 Unknown Date (has links)
宜蘭,在臺灣地理上是邊陲地帶,有時既不屬於東部也不屬於北部;有時卻兼屬二者。宜蘭在先人翻山越嶺、胼手胝足,對抗大風大雨,在一切惡劣的環境考驗下,終於走過滄桑的二百多年,宜蘭從被遺棄的明珠蛻變成臺灣的「璞玉」,「宜蘭經驗」也成為臺灣各地競相模仿的對象。但除了政治上的建設,宜蘭的文風也曾盛極一時,有「淡蘭文風冠全台」之雅稱。在今日,全台各地相關台灣文學研究紛紛興起,宜蘭的古典詩卻為人所遺漏,所以本論文決定從清代的宜蘭詩入手,研究1796至1895年(乙未割臺),正好百年的清代宜蘭詩,從古典詩的角度去解讀清代的宜蘭文學,希冀從詩歌的角度來建構清代的宜蘭古典詩圖像。
歷史上,宜蘭舊稱蛤仔難,至嘉慶十五年收入版圖,譯蛤仔難為噶瑪蘭,於嘉慶十七年(西元1812年)正式設置廳治。光緒元年(西元1875)則改噶瑪蘭廳為宜蘭縣,所以在清代有長達63年(1812--1875)宜蘭都稱為「噶瑪蘭」。宜蘭的行政區自設廳管轄,除名稱的異動外,疆域大都維持相似,本論文就是以此區域為範圍,時間限於1796—1895年的清代宜蘭古典詩研究。
「詩說噶瑪蘭」,凡是曾經生活在這塊土地上的詩人:無論是遊宦詩人,其詩與噶瑪蘭相關;或在地文人的詩作都在本論文研究之列。但研究對象則限於漢人古典詩,對於「噶瑪蘭」人和其他原住民的詩歌並不在本研究之內。「說噶瑪蘭詩」即是解讀所有與噶瑪蘭相關之詩作,並佐以清代相關志書、古文書、碑碣等歷史文物,作最佳之闡釋。所以本論文題目為「詩說噶瑪蘭,說噶瑪蘭詩----清代宜蘭地區古典詩研究」。
本論文所關注的是以地域畫分、時限在清朝的宜蘭古典詩所展現的文學特性;也將探討在此地活動的文人如何看待他自己生活的場域,如何在詩歌創作中展現地方意識,透顯人與地的時空關聯。當然限於時間和人力,本論文只針對目前已刊行之詩錄、詩集或方志藝文志中所載詩歌,一一檢視,選取清代宜蘭當地詩人和遊宦宜蘭人士的古典詩作品,做歸納、分析。採取的論述方向是「背景—作者—作品—評價」,當然論述文學之發展仍離不開當地的地理和歷史論述,尤其必須關注以下數個層面:文學作家、作品、文學思想,整體文學活動與社會文化的關聯。本文的論述將先概論蘭陽史地,以明瞭文學的外圍環境,進而貼近清代詩人的生活樣貌。因為清代噶瑪蘭詩人作品散處各書,傳記也未建立,本文將簡介其傳略,從中可知清代宜蘭詩發展之概況。宜蘭的開發和西部的開發相較,整整晚了一百多年,在文教事業的發展也落後許多,因此清代噶瑪蘭的詩人仍以外地遊宦詩人為大宗,遊宦人士奉派至此地,無論是經翻山越嶺或渡海至宜蘭,在這塊土地上,所見所聞都入其詩篇,其心境的跌宕也值得玩索。噶瑪蘭本地的文人則要等到一些中舉之士出現,才開始有詩篇的記載。清代在噶瑪蘭這塊土地上,此兩大類群的詩人,所展現的各是何種噶瑪蘭意象,無論是書寫觀點或對土地的認同,甚至兩者所展現的詩歌美學也都是本論文探究的重點。
宜蘭因為地形的封閉和開發的晚,以至文教的設施遠遠落後西部,但因有許多文人的倡導和官員的鼓勵,使得清代宜蘭古典詩也漸漸嶄露頭角。因為時空的相異,相信在這塊土地所孕育出來的古典詩歌必有其價值和意義,如張炎憲所言:「台灣史的建構不是要建設成單一的體系,而是每個地區有其特色,有其解釋,每個地區特色的綜合才是台灣史的特色」文學的研究何嘗不是如此呢?我們將讓清代宜蘭古典詩來證明此點。
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民眾參與政策議程建立過程之研究──宜蘭縣反六輕個案之分析林聖慧, LIN,SHENG-HUI Unknown Date (has links)
近數十年,台灣地區在有計畫的建設之下,各方面都有長足的進步,尤其是經濟上的
成就,已普遍得到國際上的肯定與讚譽。但是在蓬勃快速的發展過程中,漸漸呈現出
許多政策失調的現象。尤其是近年來,環境保護成為一項熱門的議題,各地反對公害
污染的地區性自力救濟活動層出不窮,在在顯示決決策當局擬定的政策,無法有效反
應民眾利益,以致發生政府立場與民眾利益相互衝突與對立的現象,陷入所謂「政策
窘境」的情形。一方面可能是政策內容未畫周延充實,致使政策標的團體持疑;另一
方面可能是因為決策過程不畫符合民主程序,缺乏民眾參與管道,導致衝突抗議事件
不斷發生。
在多元化的社會中,政策的決定已不是由以往個人的知識思考而來,而是經由政策相
關者彼此互動、衝突與妥協而形成。「參與民主」的觀點也認為,民眾是政府政策的
直接消費者,對於本身的需求比政府決策者來得敏感,所以民眾參與決策過程應可增
進公共政策的品質,並充分反應民眾的需求。因此,決策過程的適當性往往影響標的
團體的順服,亦是一重要的研究課題。
綜觀近年來環保運動中,參與反對活動的民眾大多是污染的直接受害者,透過有組織
的活動,有計畫、有系統的表達需求、匯集力量、擴散議題,最後進入議程。因此,
許多具有潛在污染性的建廠投資計畫多遭遇到建廠預定地民眾的劇烈反對,而紛紛撤
銷原計畫。本文即針對這種現象,以宜蘭縣反對台塑在利澤工業區舋建第六輕油裂解
廠的計畫,作為分析個案,探討政策議程建立過程中,民眾參與的程度、扮演的角色
、運用的策略、發揮的功能,及所造成的影響。
章節安排如下:
第一章:緒論;包括題目界說、研究現況、研究方法與限制。
第二章:理論探討;探討議題產生的動態關係、利用大眾傳播媒介及符號以擴散議題
的策略,並檢視三種建立議程的模型,發展本文的分析架構。
第三章:參與過程分析;主要參與者在各階段的參與情形。
第四章:策略運用分析;民眾所使用的參與策略分析。
第五章:互動分析;除民眾以外其他參與者,使用策略及互動關係的分析。
第六章:結論;針對主要發現,加以檢討,提出展望與建議。
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宜蘭廟群KHIAM(示簽)祭祀圈之研究簡瑛欣, Chein ,Yin-Hsin Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文是以宜蘭縣為範圍,討論一個具有民族特色的祭祀圈輪祀組織--khiam,其信仰表相與民族底相。在信仰表相上,筆者透過普查方式,瞭解蘭陽平原上51間使用khiam的廟群現況與地理分布;在民族底相上,筆者透過史料蒐羅、族譜與施添福教授在《蘭陽平原的傳統聚落—理論架構與基本資料》所提供的基本資料,加上筆者田野調查所得的訪問資料,來討論一個隱性的民族:來自福建省漳州府的詔安縣客家移民,在蘭陽平原上的分布狀態。然後,再將khiam的空間分布圖、形成類型與詔安客的分布型態作一疊合比對的工作,找出khiam與詔安客的關係。最後,我們把研究場域移至台灣西部的雲林縣西螺鎮,比較蘭陽平原的khiam與西螺七khiam的在人群分布、使用語言、khiam的規模、形成與變遷以及民族認同等面相的差異,並藉由兩者的比較,來凸顯蘭陽平原khiam祭祀組織的區域特色與民族特色。
在研究方法上,我們使用了區域性普查與更深入的參與觀察,輔以文獻資料的分析比對,而有下列四個發現:
(一) khiam是什麼?
khiam是一種具有民族特色的祭祀圈輪祀組織,khiam這個詞彙來自詔安客語,本義為「角落」。
(二) khiam的信仰特色
1. 廟數統計:宜蘭縣境內共48間使用khiam的廟宇,另有3間廟過去曾有過khiam,現已消失。
2. 神種統計:以三山國王(15間)佔多數,其次為三官大帝(5間)和開台國聖(5間),三山國王比例遠高於其他神種。
3. 祭典活動:多數廟宇以中元普渡作為khiam輪祀組織的主要祭典。
4. 形成類型:可分為原生型(35間)、移入型(13間)、消失型(3間)三種。
(三) khiam的區域分佈現象
以鄉鎮分,冬山鄉最多;以區域分,沿山多於沿海、溪南多於溪北,並呈現帶狀分佈與散狀分佈的現象。
(四) 詔安客的區域分佈現象
1. 詔安客分布集中於沿山地帶,且溪南多於溪北。
2. 詔安客分布的集中度以20%為界,聚落內總戶口數20%以上者為高密度分布區,20%以下者為低密度分布區。其高密度分布區集中在冬山鄉、員山鄉、礁溪鄉和壯圍鄉,以及宜蘭市與三星鄉的一小部分;姓仔底的分布區域也大致吻合高密度分布區的狀況。
(五) khiam與詔安客的關係
1. 詔安客人口比例與khiam原生型成正相關,而詔安客人口比例越低,khiam類型的變異性越高。
2. 從地理分佈來看,khiam廟群的帶狀分佈區與詔安客的高密度分佈區,兩者出現極大的重疊性。
本研究的貢獻,在於祭祀圈研究視野的擴展。透過區域研究以及民族學的角度,將過去人類學與宗教學者在祭祀圈研究上偏重信徒組織、廟際關係或儀式行為的傳統,拓展至台灣的聚落形成、民族分佈等面向。經由史料、文獻、地圖、族譜與田野調查資料的交互比對,來說明「khiam」祭祀圈組織的區域分布意義,並揭露其民族底蘊,以及蘭陽平原傳統聚落的民族樣貌。 / This thesis deals with the khiam, an ethnically distinct religious system in Yilan County. Both the religious and the ethnic aspect of the khiam are discussed. A census of fifty-one temples located on the Lanyan Plain serves my survey of the religious aspect of the khiam, which uncovers the present situation and the geographical distribution of the local temple community. On the other hand, I employ historical records, pedigrees of the local clans, materials offered by Professor Teng-fu Shih’s Traditional Villages on the Lanyan Plain: Theoretical Structure and Basic Information and information I gathered from my own oral history works as the base upon which to discuss the distribution of a “recessive” ethnic group on the Lanyan Plain, the Hakka immigrants from the Zhao’an County of the Fujian Province, China. Further comparative analyses of the geographical distribution and types of the khiam and the distribution of the Zhao’an Hakka identify the close relation between the khiam and the Zhao’an Hakka. In the last chapter of this thesis, I compare the khiam on the Lanyan Plain and that in Xiluo, a town in Yunlin County in western Taiwan. Differences in language and demographical distribution between these two ethnic groups, the formation, changes, and the scale of their khiam, and their ethnic identity all show the local and ethnic characteristics of the khiam on the Lanyan Plain.
My research methods i.e. general surveys and further observations in local areas as well as analysis of historical records lead me to four discoveries:
1. What is khiam?
Khiam is an ethnically distinct religious system, every sub-groups of which in turns undertakes the responsibility to preside at the annual worship ceremonies. The term khiam stemmed from the Zhao’an Hakka language, which originally means “locus.”
2. Religious characteristics of the khiam
(a) Statistics of temples: There are forty-eight temples in the entire Yilan County that exercise the khiam. Besides, there are three other temples in which the khiam was once employed but is no longer performed today.
(b) Statistics of deities: Sanshan guowang (三山國王) are the most worshiped deities (15 temples); Sanguan dadi (三官大帝, 5 temples) and Kaitai guosheng (開台國聖, 5 temples) come in the next place. Sanshan guowang are much more often being worshiped than other deities.
(c) Ritual practices: in most temples, zhongyuan pudu (中元普渡) is considered as the major ritual of the khiam system.
(d) Types of formation: there are three types of formation of the khiam i.e. the primitive type (35 temples), the immigrant type (13 temples), and the vanishing type (3 temples).
3. Local distribution of the khiam
In terms of administrative divisions, there are most khiam systems in Dongshan. In terms of geographical features, more khiam systems appear in mountainous areas than in coastal areas, and more appear south than north to rivers, which, respectively, are distributed in band or are scattered.
4. Local distribution of the Zhao’an Hakka
(a) The Zhao’an Hakka people are intensively distributed in areas along the mountains, and apparently more to the south of rivers.
(b) Twenty-percent marks the average distributive density of Zhao’an Hakka, namely, high density areas refer to those villages in which the number of Zhao’an Hakka households is higher than 20% of the total household number. Villages in which the Zhao’an Hakka households account for less than 20% of the total number are defined as low density areas. It shows that high density areas centralize in Dongshan, Yuanshan, Jiaoxi, Zhuanwei, and a small part of Yilan City and Sanxin. Distribution in Xingzaidi also approximately coincides with the distribution of high density areas.
5. The relationship between the khiam and Zhao’an Hakka
(a) The primitive type of the khiam is positively interrelated to the population of Zhao’an Hakka. The lower the population density of the Zhao’an Hakka is, the greater is the variation in the types of the khiam.
(b) In terms of geographical distribution, the banding distribution of khiam temple community largely overlaps the high density Zhao’an Hakka areas.
This research, I wish, may contribute to broaden the vision of researches on religious spheres. Anthropologists and religion researchers have been placing disciple organizations, inter-temple relations, or traditions of ritual practices in the centrality of religious sphere research. Nonetheless, my adoption of ethnological methods and local studies in this thesis may push the discipline to probe into its other aspects such as the formation of villages in Taiwan and the distribution of ethnic groups. By means of cross comparison of historical records, documentations, maps, pedigrees, and fieldwork data, I attempt not only to clarify the local distribution of the khiam system but also disclose the substantiality of this ethnic group, and the cultural features of the traditional villages on the Lanyan Plain.
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數位機會中心經營型態與困難之研究 / A Study of Digital Opportunity Centers: Management Type and Difficulty張一清 Unknown Date (has links)
科技發展過程當中,無可避免的形成數位落差,數位落差過高的
族群,在社會上會越趨於弱勢。政府為縮減數位落差,推出許多政策
執行,其中一項便是在偏鄉地區設置數位機會中心,並且結合各部會
和民間資源,運用數位機會中心提升當地民眾資訊素養,給予較弱勢
的社區及居民公平的數位機會,提升競爭力。
數位機會中心設置的單位,共有7 種類型,學校、教會及廟宇、
社區、鄉公所、圖書館、社教站、其他。宜蘭縣所設置的數位機會中
心有學校、教會、社區、圖書館等4 種。
本研究以宜蘭縣所設置的9 個數位機會中心為對象,試著從實地
訪查及深度訪談的方法,探討不同的單位在經營數位機會中心時其經
營型態有何不同,以及在經營上是否有遭遇困難之處。
研究發現,不同的數位機會中心因設置單位的不同會產生不同的
經營型態,其經營的成果與主事者有相當大的關係。在經營的困難除
了人力及經費之外,上級的支持及當地居民學習的意願也佔了重要的
因素。
數位機會中心的設立,提供了偏鄉地區許多民眾學習資訊科技的
機會,本研究提供提出簡化數位機會中心目標設定及檢討數位機會中
心業務方向作為建議,期能對於政府在縮減數位落差政策施行上有所
助益。 / Digital divide is inevitable in the process of technology development. However,
people suffering from large digital divide may become more disadvantaged in the
society. In order to minimize digital divide, the government has launched numerous
programs, one of which is to establish Digital Opportunity Centers in remote areas
and integrate public and civil resources to enhance the digital literacy of local people,
provide them an equal access to digital opportunities, and improve their
competitiveness in the society.
Digital Opportunity Centers are established in seven types of organizations,
including school, church and temple, community, township office, library, social
education station, and others. In Yilan County, Digital Opportunity Centers are mainly
established in schools, churches, communities, and libraries.
This study focused on nine Digital Opportunity Centers in Yilan County.
Through field survey and in-depth interview, this study attempted to explore whether
the operating model of Digital Opportunity Centers varied by organization as well as
the difficulties encountered in operating the centers.
Results showed that the operating model of Digital Opportunity Centers varied
by organization, and the performance of the centers largely depended on managers of
the organization. In addition to labor and funding, executive support and local
residents’ willingness to learn were the main difficulties encountered in operation of
the centers.
Digital Opportunity Centers have offered many people living in remote areas an
opportunity to learn information technology. Based on research results, this study
suggested that the authority concerned simplify the objectives of Digital Opportunity
Centers and reexamine their functions to enhance the effectiveness of this program.
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地方政府政策行銷之研究-以宜蘭國際童玩藝術節為例 / A Study of Policy Marketing in Local Government-Illustrated by Yilan International Children’s Folklore&Folkgame Festival杜昱潔, Tu,Yu Chieh Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,各地方政府都將節慶活動視為創造經濟效益、形塑地方文化特色的政治活動。臺灣各地方政府在面對經濟發展的競爭態勢下,為振興地方產業,紛紛積極推廣節慶觀光做為開發經濟的良機。地方政府運用行銷之概念,不僅為地方帶來財源,更為各地方政府塑造了鮮明的形象與特色。
在台灣各地方政府所舉辦的諸多大型節慶活動中,以「宜蘭國際童玩藝術節」最具有指標代表性,不但成功結合觀光、遊憩與文化產業,營造宜蘭的特色,獲得民眾的認同與支持,更成為享譽國際之活動,也是各縣市政府辦理節慶活動標竿學習之最佳實務典範。
本研究先檢視政策行銷與節慶相關理論及文獻,了解地方政府節慶行銷的意義、內涵、策略與作法等,比較政策行銷與節慶行銷的異同。並以「宜蘭國際童玩藝術節」個案為例,探討地方政府進行節慶行銷之策略與環境影響因素,檢視政策行銷執行成果,根據研究結果提出實務改進建議,做為其他縣市進行節慶行銷參考。舉辦十一年的宜蘭童玩節正面臨著競爭者增加、喪失創意等永續經營發展問題。本研究發現宜蘭童玩節受到政治因素的影響最大,並且產品的創意與文化內涵逐漸消退,缺乏整體性的行銷策略。故宜蘭童玩節的決策系統必須脫離政治的影響,並且投入成本開發創意,建立消費者習慣性的消費習慣,宜蘭童玩節才能永續經營。 / In recent years, the Taiwanese local governments often use festival celebrations to generate economical and political benefits, and at the same time to create and promote their local cultural characteristics. Under the pressure of political and economical competitions, the local governments are forced to encourage festival celebrations aggressively in order to revitalize the local tourism business and further economical opportunities. The local governments use marketing concept to bring financial enhancement and improve its fresh image and unique characteristics.
In all festival celebration events held by the local governments in Taiwan, Yilan International Children’s Folklore&Folkgame Festival is considered as the most outstanding one. It successfully combined aspects of tourism, leisure events and cultural gatherings to establish Yilan’s distinctiveness. Such strategic activities have won the votes of its local residents and become an international recognition event. It has also been shaped into the best learning model and a practical example for many other county authorities to follow.
This study aims to examine policy marketing and other related festival theories and literature, with the purpose of understanding the local government festival marketing value, its strategic plan and procedures, and yet comparing the similarities and differences between the policy marketing and the festival marketing. By employing Yilan International Children’s Folklore&Folkgame Festival as a study case, this paper analyzes the local government’s strategic progress in festival marketing and its environmental factors. In addition, it examines the results of such policy marketing practices for recommendations to other county authorities.
After eleven years of annual celebrations, Yilan International Children’s Folklore&Folkgame Festival is currently facing with increasing competitors and at the same time, losing innovative ideas and other operating management problems. This study finds the Festival is being affected greatly by political factors and lacking the overall marketing strategy. As a result, such event must not be influenced by any political reasons and needs to increase its access to funds in developing creative ideas to attract consumers and to create a successful and sustainable festival event.
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