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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Caracterização bioenergética da forma leveduriforme de P. \'brasiliensis\': estudos bioquímicos e moleculares de vias mitocondriais alternativas / Bioenergetic characterization of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form: biochemical and molecular studies of mitochondrial alternative pathways.

Martins, Vicente de Paulo 14 March 2007 (has links)
O fungo dimórfico Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, é o agente etiológico da paracoccidioidomicose, uma das micoses sistêmicas humanas mais prevalentes na América Latina. Componentes da cadeia respiratória mitocondrial são potenciais alvos quimioterapêuticos. Nesse sentido, em nosso trabalho demonstramos diferenças entre a cadeia respiratória do fungo P. brasiliensis e do hospedeiro mamífero. A respiração, potencial de membrana e fosforilação oxidativa mitocondrial de esferoplastos de P. brasiliensis foram avaliados in situ, os quais demonstraram a presença de uma cadeia respiratória funcional. A adição de ADP induziu a transição da respiração do estado de repouso para o fosforilativo, em esferoplastos energizados com succinato, NADH, NAD+ e substratos ligados ao complex I. A presença de uma NADH-ubiquinona oxidoredutase foi demonstrada pela capacidade das células oxidarem NADH exógeno, assim como, pela respiração insensível a rotenona e sensível a flavona. Além disso, a respiração mantida por NAD+ foi sensível a rotenona e flavona, sugerindo que vias metabólicas citosolicas contribuem para a produção de NADH e substratos ligados ao complexo I. Foi demonstrado também que os níveis de expressão do complexo I e da NADH desidrogenase alternativa alternam-se durante a curva de crescimento de leveduras de P. brasiliensis. A respiração induzida por NADH ou succinato foi parcialmente inibida por KCN ou antimicina A e sensível à inibição por BHAM, indicando a presença de uma oxidase alternativa. A fim de se caracterizar esta enzima oxidase alternativa, o seu gene foi clonado e expressado em xii S. cerevisiae e E. coli, o qual conferiu uma respiração resistente a cianeto e sensível a BHAM. S. cerevisiae expressando oxidase alternativa mostraram uma menor taxa de multiplicação celular e diminuição na geração de EROs. Nós também observamos que inibidores da cadeia transportadora de elétrons retardaram a transição de micélio para levedura em culturas de P. brasiliensis. Além disso, estes inibidores e outras drogas geradoras de EROs aumentaram a expressão do gene da oxidase alternativa, assim como a produção de EROs em leveduras de P. brasiliensis. / Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermically dimorphic fungus, is the etiological agent of endemic paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most prevalent human systemic mycosis in Latin America. Components of the respiratory chain constitute potential pharmacological targets, and here are reported differences between the respiratory chain of the mammalian host and the fungus P. brasiliensis. Respiration, membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria from P. brasiliensis spheroplasts were evaluated in situ, which demonstrated the existence of a functional respiratory chain. Adenosine 5\'-diphosphate (ADP) induced a transition from resting to phosphorylating respiration in mitochondria energized by succinate, NADH, NAD+ and complex I linked substrates. The presence of an alternative NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase was indicated by: the ability of the fungus to oxidize exogenous NADH; the insensitivity substrate-supported respiration to rotenone and sensitivity of this respiration to flavone. In addition, the sensitivity of NAD+-supported respiration to rotenone and flavone suggest that citosolic pathways contribute to NADH and complex I linked substrates production. Moreover, it was demonstrated that expression levels of complex I and alternative NADH dehydrogenase change during P. brasiliensis growth curve. The partial sensitivity of NADH or succinate-supported respiration to antimycin A and cyanide, as well as the sensitivity to BHAM, indicates the presence of an alternative oxidase. Therefore, to characterize the alternative oxidase its gene was cloned and heterologously xii expressed in S. cerevisiae and E. coli, wich confered, a cyanide resistant respiration and BHAM sensitivity. Moreover, S. cerevisiae that expressed alternative oxidase showed slower growth rate and decreased ROS generation. We also observed that electron transport pathways inhibitors delayed the P. brasiliensis mycelium to yeast transition in cultures. Besides, these inhibitors and other ROS generated drugs increase the ROS production and altenative oxidase expression.
12

Habitat Selection and Movement of a Stream-Resident Salmonid in a Regulated River and Tests of Four Bioenergetic Optimization Models

Bowen, Mark D. 01 May 1996 (has links)
A bioenergetics model was constructed for stream-resident drift-feeding salmonids. Model predictions of surplus power (energy available per unit time for lll growth and reproduction) were not statistically distinguishable from observations of surplus power in three laboratory studies. Of 40 experimental trials in these three studies, the model correctly predicted surplus power in 39 cases (p < 0.05). I collected observations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) focal velocity and physical habitat availability in the Green River of northeastern Utah, USA (1988-1990). In the winter of 1988, Flaming Gorge Dam generated hydropower and delivered an lJDStable discharge regime with a higher mean discharge to the Green River. During 1989 and 1990, Flaming Gorge Dam's operation was curtailed by drought. Therefore, the Green River exhibited a more stable discharge regime with lower mean daily discharge. During winters exhibiting the stable discharge regime, all size classes of rainbow trout selected slower focal velocities than under an unstable winter discharge regime. Season had less influence on microhabitat selection of large fish than smaller individuals. Rainbow trout larger than 33 cm (total length) find and use positions with low focal velocities and high velocity shear regardless of season. In contrast, during the summer, fish less than 33 cm TL find and use positions with much higher focal velocities and greater velocity shear compared to the winter. Four bioenergetic models were tested with the focal velocity use data. Two optimal goal models produced excellent fits (r2 = 0.91 and 0.93) to observed focal velocity use of rainbow trout larger than 33 cm TL. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that large rainbow trout were finding optimal focal velocity positions in stable discharge summers and under both discharge regimes in winter. Rainbow trout movement was quantified along two scales with radio-telemetered fish: 1) weekly observations generated estimates of distances moved at intervals greater than one day and 2) multiple observations of a fish in one day produced estimates of distances moved over hours. I found an unstable discharge regime significantly reduces movement measured weekly (F = 11.10, P = 0.0019); hourly movement rates (m/h) were also reduced (F = 5.90, P = 0.0273).
13

Caracterização bioenergética da forma leveduriforme de P. \'brasiliensis\': estudos bioquímicos e moleculares de vias mitocondriais alternativas / Bioenergetic characterization of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form: biochemical and molecular studies of mitochondrial alternative pathways.

Vicente de Paulo Martins 14 March 2007 (has links)
O fungo dimórfico Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, é o agente etiológico da paracoccidioidomicose, uma das micoses sistêmicas humanas mais prevalentes na América Latina. Componentes da cadeia respiratória mitocondrial são potenciais alvos quimioterapêuticos. Nesse sentido, em nosso trabalho demonstramos diferenças entre a cadeia respiratória do fungo P. brasiliensis e do hospedeiro mamífero. A respiração, potencial de membrana e fosforilação oxidativa mitocondrial de esferoplastos de P. brasiliensis foram avaliados in situ, os quais demonstraram a presença de uma cadeia respiratória funcional. A adição de ADP induziu a transição da respiração do estado de repouso para o fosforilativo, em esferoplastos energizados com succinato, NADH, NAD+ e substratos ligados ao complex I. A presença de uma NADH-ubiquinona oxidoredutase foi demonstrada pela capacidade das células oxidarem NADH exógeno, assim como, pela respiração insensível a rotenona e sensível a flavona. Além disso, a respiração mantida por NAD+ foi sensível a rotenona e flavona, sugerindo que vias metabólicas citosolicas contribuem para a produção de NADH e substratos ligados ao complexo I. Foi demonstrado também que os níveis de expressão do complexo I e da NADH desidrogenase alternativa alternam-se durante a curva de crescimento de leveduras de P. brasiliensis. A respiração induzida por NADH ou succinato foi parcialmente inibida por KCN ou antimicina A e sensível à inibição por BHAM, indicando a presença de uma oxidase alternativa. A fim de se caracterizar esta enzima oxidase alternativa, o seu gene foi clonado e expressado em xii S. cerevisiae e E. coli, o qual conferiu uma respiração resistente a cianeto e sensível a BHAM. S. cerevisiae expressando oxidase alternativa mostraram uma menor taxa de multiplicação celular e diminuição na geração de EROs. Nós também observamos que inibidores da cadeia transportadora de elétrons retardaram a transição de micélio para levedura em culturas de P. brasiliensis. Além disso, estes inibidores e outras drogas geradoras de EROs aumentaram a expressão do gene da oxidase alternativa, assim como a produção de EROs em leveduras de P. brasiliensis. / Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermically dimorphic fungus, is the etiological agent of endemic paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most prevalent human systemic mycosis in Latin America. Components of the respiratory chain constitute potential pharmacological targets, and here are reported differences between the respiratory chain of the mammalian host and the fungus P. brasiliensis. Respiration, membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria from P. brasiliensis spheroplasts were evaluated in situ, which demonstrated the existence of a functional respiratory chain. Adenosine 5\'-diphosphate (ADP) induced a transition from resting to phosphorylating respiration in mitochondria energized by succinate, NADH, NAD+ and complex I linked substrates. The presence of an alternative NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase was indicated by: the ability of the fungus to oxidize exogenous NADH; the insensitivity substrate-supported respiration to rotenone and sensitivity of this respiration to flavone. In addition, the sensitivity of NAD+-supported respiration to rotenone and flavone suggest that citosolic pathways contribute to NADH and complex I linked substrates production. Moreover, it was demonstrated that expression levels of complex I and alternative NADH dehydrogenase change during P. brasiliensis growth curve. The partial sensitivity of NADH or succinate-supported respiration to antimycin A and cyanide, as well as the sensitivity to BHAM, indicates the presence of an alternative oxidase. Therefore, to characterize the alternative oxidase its gene was cloned and heterologously xii expressed in S. cerevisiae and E. coli, wich confered, a cyanide resistant respiration and BHAM sensitivity. Moreover, S. cerevisiae that expressed alternative oxidase showed slower growth rate and decreased ROS generation. We also observed that electron transport pathways inhibitors delayed the P. brasiliensis mycelium to yeast transition in cultures. Besides, these inhibitors and other ROS generated drugs increase the ROS production and altenative oxidase expression.
14

Integração corpo/mente na análise bioenergética de Alexander Lowen: a relação entre o adoecimento corporal e as estruturas de caráter / Body/mind integration in Alexander Lowen´s bioenergetic nalysis: the relationship between body illness and the character structures

Oliveira Júnior, Wellington Roriz de 25 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-21T17:44:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wellington Roriz de Oliveira Júnior - 2016.pdf: 2334458 bytes, checksum: 6aeeb655f607e3d2a58fdb88ee7922f7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-09-23T17:07:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wellington Roriz de Oliveira Júnior - 2016.pdf: 2334458 bytes, checksum: 6aeeb655f607e3d2a58fdb88ee7922f7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-23T17:07:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wellington Roriz de Oliveira Júnior - 2016.pdf: 2334458 bytes, checksum: 6aeeb655f607e3d2a58fdb88ee7922f7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / This study has the objective to analyze the relationship between body and mind in Alexander Lowen´s publications to discuss how the body illness is related to the character structures. For this, we seek to know how the body appears as a concept in the perspective presented by the author; discuss how is and how historically builds the relationship between body and mind in his approach; know how the character and illness concepts were built in his theory; discuss how the author develops the relationship between both. It was assumed as hypothesis that the character appears as an important joint point between mind and body and that its constitution is related to the body illness. Bibliographic and qualitative research was used, and the method used was Categorical Content Analysis of Lowen publications, his precursors and also of current articles on the topic. Five categories were developed to analyze the collected information: child development; the concept of energy; the relationship between the ego and the body; the emotions and sexuality; and the individual's relationship with the historical and social context in which they live. We conclude that the character appears as a fundamental and resulting element in the relationship between mind and body and that its constitution follows the same function of the illness, which is to react to a stressor element and restore the body's balance. Therefore, there is a relationship between them, since different types of character handle the particular disease forms. It is noticed that individuals with a combination of oral and rigid traits have unique characteristics that make them more prone to bodily illness than individuals with other character structures. This way of categorization changes among the author´s publications. We emphasize the importance of the concepts discussed by Lowen in structuring his theory and in developing a perspective in psychology that addresses the body and mind in an integrated manner. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre corpo e mente na obra de Alexander Lowen, no intento de discutir como o adoecimento corporal se relaciona com as estruturas de caráter. Para isso, busca-se: a) conhecer como o corpo aparece como conceito na perspectiva apresentada pelo autor; b) analisar como se dá e como se constrói historicamente a relação entre corpo e mente nessa abordagem; c) conhecer como se constroem e se fundamentam os conceitos de caráter e adoecimento em sua teoria; d) debater como o autor desenvolve a articulação entre ambos. Assumiu-se como hipóteses que o caráter se mostra como um ponto de articulação importante entre mente e corpo e que sua constituição está relacionada ao adoecimento corporal. Foi utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica, qualitativa, e o método utilizado foi a Análise de Conteúdo Categorial das obras de Lowen, assim como de seus precursores, bem como artigos atuais sobre a temática. Cinco categorias foram elaboradas para a análise dos dados coletados: o desenvolvimento infantil; o conceito de energia; a relação entre o ego e o corpo; as emoções e a sexualidade; e a relação do indivíduo com o contexto sócio-histórico em que vive. Conclui-se que o caráter se mostra como elemento fundamental e resultante na relação entre corpo e mente. Além disso, sua constituição segue a mesma função do adoecimento, que é a de reagir a um agente estressante e restabelecer o equilíbrio do organismo. Portanto, há uma relação entre ambos, uma vez que diferentes tipos de caráter lidam com a doença de formas particulares. Percebe-se que indivíduos com a combinação de traços orais e rígidos possuem características peculiares que os tornam mais propensos ao adoecimento corporal do que indivíduos com outras estruturas de caráter, embora essa forma de categorização se modifique ao longo da obra do autor. Ressalta-se a importância dos conceitos discutidos por Lowen na estruturação de sua teoria e no desenvolvimento de uma perspectiva em psicologia que aborde o corpo e a mente de forma integrada.
15

Studies on the 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced dysregulation of energy metabolism and its neurochemical consequences

Darvesh, Altaf Sultan 14 July 2005 (has links)
No description available.
16

Bioenergetická analýza a možnosti využití ve fyzioterapii / Bioenergetic Analysis and its Application in Physiotherapy

Blažková, Kristýna January 2011 (has links)
Title of Diploma Thesis: Bioenergetic Analysis and its Application in Physiotherapy. Purpose: To evaluate bioenergetic analysis from the point of view of the physiotherapist and suggest the application of the whole method or some of its components in physiotherapy. Methods: Thesis is conceived as a theoretical work, was based on the literature retrieval of the accessible relevant literary sources. Literature, pressed and electronic monographs, textbooks, professional journals was derived from the professional medical databases, bibliographical databases, library catalogues, were used also sources from the specialization of psychosomatic medicine, psychology, kinesiology. The obtained knowledge was analyzed from the point of wiev of the physiotherapist with the goal to suggest the application of the method or some of its components in physiotherapy. Results: The possibility of the application of the bioenergetic analysis and the therapy as a complex in physiotherapy turn out to be inconvenient. The possibility of the application of the components of the bioenergetic analysis and the therapy seems to be suitable. Key Words: Bioenergetic Analysis, Defense Mechanisms, Character Structure, Posture, Postural and Gestural Expression
17

Efeito do extrato de \'Tamarindus\' indica L. sobre a transição de permeabilidade de membrana em mitocôndrias isoladas de fígado de rato e atividade antioxidante \'in vitro\' / Effect of Tamarindus indica L. extract on the membrane permeability transition in isolated rat liver mitochondria and in vitro antioxidant activity.

Uyemura, Valéria Tudella 04 May 2007 (has links)
Tamarindus indica L. é um componente natural amplamente consumido por humanos, apresentando propriedade antiinflamatória, antidiabética e antihepatotóxica. Além disso, como nós demonstramos previamente, o extrato apresenta atividade hipolipêmica e antioxidante. Neste trabalho, nós demonstramos o efeito do extrato de T. indica sobre mitocôndrias isoladas de fígado de rato. Na presença de Ca2+, o extrato causou um inchamento osmótico mitocondrial concentração-dependente, associado ao aumento da velocidade basal (V4), dissipação do potencial de membrana e liberação do Ca2+ pré-acumulado, os quais foram inibidos por ciclosporina A (CsA) e assim atribuídos a transição de permeabilidade da membrana mitocondrial (TPMM). A indução do inchamento osmótico mitocondrial foi prevenida por EGTA e vermelho de rutênio, indicando a dependência da TPMM de Ca2+. A oxidação de proteínas tiol mitocondrial, um mecanismo bem estabelecido como causador da TPMM, foi detectado. Entretanto, nenhuma alteração significante foi observada no estado redox de GSH. A oxidação de NAD(P)H e o acúmulo de espécies reativas de oxigênio produzidas pela mitocôndria foram observadas, em ambos os casos, foram prevenidas por CsA e/ou EGTA, indicando que são conseqüências da TPMM induzida pelo extrato de T. indica. Portanto, sem aparente envolvimento do estresse oxidativo no processo, sugerindo uma interação direta de compostos do extrato com grupos tiólicos de proteínas da membrana. O extrato de T. indica induziu uma depleção de ATP associada à TPMM, mostrando assim potencial para causar a morte celular por apoptose ou necrose, resultante da indução da TPMM por si ou pela depleção do ATP via TPMM. In vitro, o extrato apresentou capacidade scavenger de radicais livres, verificado pelo ensaio do DPPH, radical superóxido e radical hidroxil; e ainda foi capaz de diminuir a lipoperoxidação mitocondrial. Além disso, em baixas concentrações, o extrato mostrou uma propriedade quelante de Fe2+. / Tamarindus indica L. is a natural dietary component widely consumed by humans, presenting well established anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-hepatotoxic properties. In addition, as we have previously demonstrated, extract presents hypolipemic and antioxidant activities. We show here the effects of T. indica extract on isolated rat liver mitochondria. In the presence of Ca2+, the extract caused mitochondrial concentration-dependent swelling, associated to, resting respiration increase (V4), membrane potential dissipation and release of pre-accumulated Ca2+, inhibited by cyclosporine A (CsA) and thus ascribable to mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). This swelling induction was prevented by EGTA and ruthenium red, indicating strict dependence of MPT on Ca2+. Oxidation of mitochondrial membrane protein thiols, a well established mechanism causing MPT was detected. However, no significant change was observed in the GSH redox state, and the NADPH oxidation and accumulation of mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species that was observed, were prevented by CsA and/or EGTA, indicating that they are consequence of the MPT induced by T. indica extract. Therefore, no apparent oxidative stress condition is involved as cause of this process suggesting that direct interaction with membrane protein thiol groups of the compounds responsible for MPT induction occurs. T. indica extract led to MPTassociated ATP depletion, thus showing the potential to cause cell death by apoptosis or necrosis resulting from MPT induction per se or from ATP depletion by MPT. In vitro, the extract presented free radical scavenging ability, as assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radicals and radical hydroxyl assays, and led to decreased lipid peroxidation in mitochondria, as assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. In addition, the extract showed an iron chelanting property in low concentrations.
18

Análise bioenergética do sofrimento orgânico: diagnóstico e eficácia do tratamento / Bioenergetic Analysis of Organic Suffering: Diagnosis and Treatment Efficacy

Nascimento, Périsson Dantas do 11 May 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perisson Dantas do Nascimento.pdf: 1613318 bytes, checksum: dc98bc4ee2d10b844964f573706401e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-11 / This work aims to verify that the contributions of verbal and bodily therapeutic interventions of Bioenergetic Analysis in the treatment of patients with primary and secondary complaints of organic pain. This intention is consistent with international efforts in researching the therapeutic efficacy of body psychotherapy. We start from the hypothesis that the diagnosis and intervention in the body with neo-Reichian techniques can serve as catalysts in the process of patient care traditionally regarded as psychosomatic. We focused on a qualitative method to clinical research, in which eight patients with various somatic complaints were submitted to twelve sessions of psychotherapy in bioenergetics and evaluated by instruments measuring psychological stress and general health conditions before and after intervention therapy. Data are presented through a characterization of the social profile of the patients, as well as through case studies, linking with the results obtained in the tests. Some issues raised by patients confirm the working hypotheses discussed in the literature, such as development history of trauma and family violence, abandonment experiences, coldness and detachment from the mother figure and a bond ambivalent love / heartbreak with the father figure; difficulties to experience pleasure in life and sexuality; emerging symptom associated with a particular crisis of life, due to a chronic disease process. Tests have shown mixed results, which are discussed in accordance with the circumstances in each case as indicative apparent adverse findings show that obtained in the process of intervention can increase the psychic stress, resulting in a crisis condition required for significant changes. Despite this, patients report improvements in relation to the disease and how to regulate their emotions, emphasizing the importance of bioenergetic exercises in the care and procedures. We conclude with the belief that a specific listening to body in the therapeutic process serves as a communication channel that facilitates empathy in the integrated health and the need to broaden the scope of this research, with additional experimental procedures / Esse trabalho busca verificar quais as contribuições terapêuticas das intervenções verbais e corporais da Análise Bioenergética no tratamento de pacientes com queixas primárias e secundárias de sofrimento orgânico, coadunando com os esforços internacionais em pesquisar a eficácia da psicoterapia corporal. Partimos da hipótese que o diagnóstico e intervenção corporais na vertente neorreichiana podem servir como catalisadores no processo de cuidado de pacientes tradicionalmente considerados como psicossomáticos. Privilegiou-se um método qualitativo clínico de pesquisa, no qual oito pacientes, com queixas somáticas variadas, foram submetidas a doze sessões de psicoterapia bioenergética, sendo avaliadas por instrumentos psicológicos de medição do estresse e de condições de saúde geral, antes e depois da intervenção. Os dados são apresentados através de uma caracterização do perfil social das pacientes, bem como através de estudos de caso, articulando com os resultados obtidos nos testes. Alguns temas levantados pelas pacientes confirmam hipóteses de trabalho discutidas na literatura, tais como: histórico de traumas de desenvolvimento e violência intrafamiliar; experiências de abandono, frieza e distanciamento da figura materna e um vínculo ambivalente de amor/mágoa com a figura paterna; dificuldades de experimentar prazer na vida e na sexualidade; o sintoma surgindo associado a uma crise específica de vida, decorrente de um processo de adoecimento crônico. Os testes demonstraram resultados variados, que são discutidos de acordo com o contexto de cada caso, pois aparentes indicativos desfavoráveis revelam que as descobertas obtidas no processo de intervenção podem aumentar a tensão psíquica, resultando num estado de crise necessária para mudanças importantes. Apesar disso, as pacientes relatam melhoras na relação com a doença e na forma de regular suas emoções, enfatizando a importância dos exercícios e procedimentos nos atendimentos. Concluímos o trabalho com a convicção de que a escuta diferenciada do corpo no processo terapêutico serve como canal de comunicação que facilita a empatia no cuidado integrado em saúde, bem como a necessidade de ampliar o escopo dessa pesquisa, com procedimentos experimentais complementares
19

Efeito do extrato de \'Tamarindus\' indica L. sobre a transição de permeabilidade de membrana em mitocôndrias isoladas de fígado de rato e atividade antioxidante \'in vitro\' / Effect of Tamarindus indica L. extract on the membrane permeability transition in isolated rat liver mitochondria and in vitro antioxidant activity.

Valéria Tudella Uyemura 04 May 2007 (has links)
Tamarindus indica L. é um componente natural amplamente consumido por humanos, apresentando propriedade antiinflamatória, antidiabética e antihepatotóxica. Além disso, como nós demonstramos previamente, o extrato apresenta atividade hipolipêmica e antioxidante. Neste trabalho, nós demonstramos o efeito do extrato de T. indica sobre mitocôndrias isoladas de fígado de rato. Na presença de Ca2+, o extrato causou um inchamento osmótico mitocondrial concentração-dependente, associado ao aumento da velocidade basal (V4), dissipação do potencial de membrana e liberação do Ca2+ pré-acumulado, os quais foram inibidos por ciclosporina A (CsA) e assim atribuídos a transição de permeabilidade da membrana mitocondrial (TPMM). A indução do inchamento osmótico mitocondrial foi prevenida por EGTA e vermelho de rutênio, indicando a dependência da TPMM de Ca2+. A oxidação de proteínas tiol mitocondrial, um mecanismo bem estabelecido como causador da TPMM, foi detectado. Entretanto, nenhuma alteração significante foi observada no estado redox de GSH. A oxidação de NAD(P)H e o acúmulo de espécies reativas de oxigênio produzidas pela mitocôndria foram observadas, em ambos os casos, foram prevenidas por CsA e/ou EGTA, indicando que são conseqüências da TPMM induzida pelo extrato de T. indica. Portanto, sem aparente envolvimento do estresse oxidativo no processo, sugerindo uma interação direta de compostos do extrato com grupos tiólicos de proteínas da membrana. O extrato de T. indica induziu uma depleção de ATP associada à TPMM, mostrando assim potencial para causar a morte celular por apoptose ou necrose, resultante da indução da TPMM por si ou pela depleção do ATP via TPMM. In vitro, o extrato apresentou capacidade scavenger de radicais livres, verificado pelo ensaio do DPPH, radical superóxido e radical hidroxil; e ainda foi capaz de diminuir a lipoperoxidação mitocondrial. Além disso, em baixas concentrações, o extrato mostrou uma propriedade quelante de Fe2+. / Tamarindus indica L. is a natural dietary component widely consumed by humans, presenting well established anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-hepatotoxic properties. In addition, as we have previously demonstrated, extract presents hypolipemic and antioxidant activities. We show here the effects of T. indica extract on isolated rat liver mitochondria. In the presence of Ca2+, the extract caused mitochondrial concentration-dependent swelling, associated to, resting respiration increase (V4), membrane potential dissipation and release of pre-accumulated Ca2+, inhibited by cyclosporine A (CsA) and thus ascribable to mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). This swelling induction was prevented by EGTA and ruthenium red, indicating strict dependence of MPT on Ca2+. Oxidation of mitochondrial membrane protein thiols, a well established mechanism causing MPT was detected. However, no significant change was observed in the GSH redox state, and the NADPH oxidation and accumulation of mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species that was observed, were prevented by CsA and/or EGTA, indicating that they are consequence of the MPT induced by T. indica extract. Therefore, no apparent oxidative stress condition is involved as cause of this process suggesting that direct interaction with membrane protein thiol groups of the compounds responsible for MPT induction occurs. T. indica extract led to MPTassociated ATP depletion, thus showing the potential to cause cell death by apoptosis or necrosis resulting from MPT induction per se or from ATP depletion by MPT. In vitro, the extract presented free radical scavenging ability, as assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radicals and radical hydroxyl assays, and led to decreased lipid peroxidation in mitochondria, as assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. In addition, the extract showed an iron chelanting property in low concentrations.
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La testostérone, médiateur de l'honnêteté des signaux sexuels chez le mâle Hyla arborea? / Is testosterone the mediator of sexual signal honesty in Hyla arborea?

Desprat, Julia L. 18 December 2015 (has links)
Chez les mâles, la testostérone joue un rôle important dans l'expression des signaux sexuels attractifs pour la femelle. Cependant, de nombreuses études mettent en évidence l'effet négatif de la testostérone sur les défenses immunitaires ou la résistance aux parasites. Selon l'hypothèse du handicap immunitaire (ICHH, Folstad et Karter, 1992), ce compromis permettrait d'assurer l'honnêteté du signal sexuel ; les mauvais mâles ne pouvant pas exprimer de signaux sexuels de bonne qualité tout en gérant l'immunosuppression due à la testostérone. Ma thèse a pour objectif de définir le rôle de la testostérone dans l'honnêteté des signaux sexuels dans un contexte de communication multimodale. Elle permet également de comprendre les mécanismes physiologiques par lesquels la testostérone module les signaux sexuels acoustiques et visuels chez les mâles Hyla arborea, un amphibien connu pour utiliser ces deux types de signaux pour attirer les femelles. Nos résultats montrent que les signaux sexuels acoustiques et visuels chez cette espèce sont testostéronedépendants. En revanche, puisque la testostérone n'a pas d'effet immunosuppresseur dans notre étude, elle ne serait pas le médiateur direct de l'honnêteté des signaux chez cette espèce. D'un point de vue physiologique, l'effet de la testostérone sur le chant s'explique par l'amélioration des propriétés contractiles des muscles du tronc responsables du chant lié à une augmentation de l'efficacité mitochondriale. D'autre part, les analyses biochimiques montrent que la couleur du sac vocal varie linéairement avec la quantité de pigments caroténoïdes présents dans le plasma, qui pourrait être testostérone-dépendant. Enfin, cette thèse montre également que la testostérone agit sur le comportement de chasse permettant l'acquisition de ressources énergétiques et de caroténoïdes pour le chant et la couleur des mâles / In males, testosterone plays an important role on attractive sexual signal expression. However, numerous studies highlighted that testosterone also has negative effects on immunity defenses and parasite resistance capacity. According to the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH, Folstad and Karter, 1 992), this trade-off assures signal honesty because only good males could express powerful signals while managing the immunosuppression of testosterone. My thesis aims to define the role of testosterone on the signal honesty in a multimodal communication context. Moreover it allows us to understand some physiological mechanisms involved in the modulation of acoustic and visual signals in males Hyla arborea, an amphibian known to use both acoustic and visual signals to attract females. Our results show that acoustic and visual signals are testosterone-dependent. In contrast, since testosterone has no immunosuppression effect in our study, it would not be the direct mediator of the signal honesty in this species. From a physiological point of view, the testosterone effects on calls could be explained through the positive effect of testosterone on trunk muscle mitochondrial efficacy and their contractile properties. Besides, biochemical analyses show that vocal sac coloration varies with the amount of carotenoid pigments present in the plasma that could be testosterone-dependent. Finally, this thesis also assumes that testosterone acts on the hunting behavior permitting the acquisition of energy resources and carotenoids for singing and coloration of males

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