Resumo: Com o objetivo de determinar a CL50 e analisar a morfologia do cérebro de larvas de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera tratadas com o inseticida tiametoxam, larvas de operárias de 1º ístar foram coletadas de colméia saudável do apiário pertencente ao Departamento de Biologia da Unesp, Rio Claro/SP e transferidas para cúpulas de poliestireno esterilizadas, as quais continham dieta larval. Após a transferência, as cúpulas foram mantidas à temperatura de 34±2º C e UR de 85±5º %, sendo as larvas alimentadas diariamente do 1º ao 6º dia. Para a alimentação no 4º dia, preparou-se o alimento contendo diversas concentrações de tiametoxam obtendo-se uma gama de diluição, variando de 0,01 a 250ng de tiametoxam/μl de dieta, e então fornecendo-o a 24 larvas/concentração. Após 24 e 48horas de exposição in vitro ao inseticida, o número de indivíduos mortos foi contabilizado e os dados submetidos à análise estatística. Seguindo os mesmos procedimentos acima descritos, foram realizados bioensaios laboratoriais de intoxicação subletal aguda e crônica para a análise morfológica e imunocitoquímica do cérebro. Após o bioensaio, foram coletadas 5 larvas de 5º instar inicial (24h após a intoxicação), 5 larvas de 5º ínstar final (48h após a intoxicação) e 5 pré-pupas 72h (após a intoxicação) para as análises morfológica e imunocitoquímica, tanto para os grupos tratados como para o controle. Larvas foram dissecadas sob estereomicroscópio com luz fria, à temperatura ambiente, em uma placa de dissecção contendo fixador. Com auxílio de bisturi, foi removida a extremidade anterior de cada larva. As larvas foram processadas rotineiramente, fixadas e lavadas no tampão do respectivo fixador. Para a análise morfológica, as larvas foram desidratadas e incluídas em historesina. As secções histológicas do material incluído em resina foram coradas com ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Aiming to determine the LC50 and analyze the brain morphology of larvae of honeybees Apis mellifera treated with the insecticide thiamethoxam, worker larvae of the 1st Istar were collected from the hive healthy apiary of the Department of Biology, UNESP, Rio Claro / SP and transferred to sterile plastic queen-starter cell, which contained the larval diet. After the transfer, the sterile plastic queen-starter cell were maintained at 34 ± 2 º C and RH of 85 ± 5%, the larvae fed daily from the 1st to 6th day. To power on the 4th day, prepared food containing various concentrations of thiamethoxam resulting in a dilution range, varying from 0.01 to 250ng of thiamethoxam/microl diet, and then providing it to 24 larvae / concentration. After 24 and 48 hours of in vitro exposure to the insecticide, the number of dead individuals was counted and data subjected to statistical analysis. Following the same procedures described above, experiments were conducted laboratory sublethal acute and chronic toxicity for morphological analysis and immunocytochemistry of the brain. After the bioassay, were collected five larvae of five instar stages (24 h after intoxication), 5 larvae of 5th instar period (48 h after intoxication) and 5 pre-pupae 72h (after intoxication) for morphological analysis and immunocytochemistry, both for the groups treated as for the control. Larvae were dissected under a stereomicroscope with cold light, at room temperature in a dissection plate containing fixative. With the aid of a scalpel, we removed the anterior end of each larva. Larvae were processed routinely, fixed and washed in the buffer of the respective fastener. For morphological analysis, larvae were dehydrated and embedded in historesin. The histological sections of material embedded in resin were stained with hematoxylin eosin. As for the immunohistochemistry, after the larvae were dehydrated and embedded in ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Osmar Malaspina / Coorientador: Elaine Cristina Mathias Silva Zacarin / Banca: Thaisa Cristina Roat / Banca: Rejane Daniele Reginato / Mestre

The aim of the work is an analysis influence of years and altitude above sea levels on the honey production of sample localitys in different altitude above sea levels. For observation of the years 2002{--}2006 was choice five localitys in different altitude above sea levels (472 {--} 650 m). The interaction sea level and year is a determine factor wich influence honey production of one bee colony from 89.77%. On increase sea level about 100 m is speeding of the honey production about 5 kg of one bee colony. Than the direct influence one factor (altitude above sea level, year) is strikinger on the honey production their interaction.

L'objectif de la thèse consiste à analyser les modes de signifiance du nom propre dans les œuvres de M.Mammeri, Y. Kateb et J-M-G Le Clézio. La première partie porte sur les lieux communs du propre. La tradition, l'école envisagée dans le contexte colonial et la civilisation techniciste peuvent constituer des sources d'aliénation du nom. Aussi se transforment-ils souvent en lieux de tensions idéologiques qui se traduisent dans le conflit entre les enfants et les pères, le colonisé et le colonisateur. Pour parer à ce défaut d'être, les écrivains vont opérer un retour au lieu. C'est l'objet de la deuxième partie qui est consacrée à la reconquête symbolique du propre. Les lieux vont jouer un rôle déterminant dans la vie des personnages et seront intimement liés à leur destin et à leur nom. La troisième partie, placée sous le signe de l'écriture,vise à penser le nom dans une option radicale en tant que moyen dans la quête de l'absolu. / L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosALFN_DISSERT.pdf: 3603295 bytes, checksum: ea97b70f80dd8e319514db5c869b3bda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Although the provision of many ecosystem services has proven affected by changes in land cover and land use, the relationship between landscape structure and the production and quality of stingless bee honey has not been studied yet. This work aimed to analyze the influence of landscape structure on the production and quality of honey from the bee Jandaira (Melipona subnitida) in Rio Grande do Norte. To do so, 15 meliponaries were selected in several areas this state, in urban and rural areas and represented by different landscape structures. Land cover was mapped in scales of 300, 1000, 2000 and 3000 meters around each meliponary. Land use was classified based on 6 classes: primary forest, secondary forest, tree crop, diverse land use, water body and urbanized area. Different landscape metrics were then calculated based on these maps, using the programs ArcGIS 10.3 and Fragstats. In each meliponary were randomly selected three colonies of M. subnitida from which a sample of honey was collected. The honey collected was sent to the laboratory for physico-chemical diagnosis (humidity, pH, water activity, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose and acidity) and assessing the sensory properties (color). The condition of the colonies was assessed by measuring the relative volume of brood cells, and honey-pots. Interviews were also performed to the beekeepers to estimate the production of honey and the number of colonies. Honey production and quality and colony condition were then related to the different landscape metrics, using a model selection approach. The results show that the proximity and amount of areas of primary forest have a positive effect on honey quality. Secondary forests had a positive effect on the pH and color of honey and a negative influence over the unused space of the boxes used to rear M. subnitida. The amount of urbanized area around the meliponaries was related negatively with honey humidity and positively with the unused space of the boxes. Hence, our work shows that protect areas of preserved Caatinga and secondary forests are important to build a refuge for pollinators and ensure the current and future provision of ecosystem services / Embora a provisão de diversos serviços ecossistêmicos tenha-se mostrado afetada por mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra, a relação entre a estrutura da paisagem e a produção e qualidade de mel de abelhas sem ferrão ainda não foi estudada. Neste trabalho analisamos a influência da estrutura da paisagem sobre a produção e a qualidade de mel da abelha jandaíra (Melipona subnitida) na Caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte. Para isso, 15 meliponários foram selecionados em diversas áreas do Estado, situados em zonas urbanas e rurais e representados por diferentes estruturas da paisagem. Fizemos mapeamentos do uso e cobertura do solo em escalas de 300, 1000, 2000 e 3000 metros ao redor de cada meliponário. As paisagens foram classificadas com base em 6 variáveis: mata primária, mata secundária, cultura arbórea, uso diverso do solo, corpo d água e área urbanizada. De acordo com esses mapeamentos, calculamos diferentes métricas da paisagem, utilizando os programas ArcGIS 10.3 e Fragstats. Em cada meliponário foram escolhidas aleatoriamente três colônias de M. subnitida. De cada colônia foi retirada uma amostra de mel. O mel coletado foi encaminhado ao laboratório da UFERSA para diagnóstico físico-químico (umidade, pH, atividade de água, açúcares redutores, sacarose aparente e acidez) e sensorial (cor). Das colônias selecionadas também foram realizadas medições (comprimento, altura e largura) dos favos de cria, dos potes de mel e da caixa racional para avaliação da condição da colônia. Fizemos também entrevistas aos meliponicultores sobre a produção de mel e quantidade de colônias no meliponário. Os dados de produção e qualidade de mel, bem como de condição das colônias, foram então relacionados com as diferentes métricas da paisagem, utilizando um procedimento de seleção de modelos. Os resultados mostraram que a proximidade e quantidade de áreas de mata primária tiveram um efeito nos parâmetros de qualidade do mel. A classe da paisagem mata secundária teve efeito positivo no pH e na coloração do mel e negativo no espaço não utilizado das caixas racionais de criação de M. subnitida. Já a quantidade de área urbanizada ao redor dos meliponários relacionou-se de maneira negativa com a umidade do mel e positiva com o espaço não utilizado das caixas racionais. Portanto, proteger as áreas de caatinga preservada e as matas secundárias é a base para alicerçamos o refúgio para os polinizadores e garantir os seus serviços ecossistêmicos para o presente e futuro

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-23T20:32:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GeovanFSF_DISSERT.pdf: 1277643 bytes, checksum: f685647ba2339041a46307ea0e6319b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T14:53:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GeovanFSF_DISSERT.pdf: 1277643 bytes, checksum: f685647ba2339041a46307ea0e6319b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T14:58:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GeovanFSF_DISSERT.pdf: 1277643 bytes, checksum: f685647ba2339041a46307ea0e6319b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-13T14:58:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GeovanFSF_DISSERT.pdf: 1277643 bytes, checksum: f685647ba2339041a46307ea0e6319b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The climatic characteristics of the Brazilian Tropical Dry-Forest, the Caatinga in northeastern Brazil, directly influence the activities of bees occurring in this region. Due to future climate warming, some species may change their geographic distribution towards "climate refuge habitats" particularly at higher altitudes. In this study, we investigated the foraging activity of Melipona subnitida (Apidae, Meliponini), a stingless bee species highly adapted to the hot and semiarid climate of the Caatinga. We investigated, whether this bee adjusts its foraging activity to the climatic conditions of the Moist Forest Enclaves at high altitudes located within the Caatinga biome, characterized by lower ambient temperatures and higher rainfall compared to the surrounding lowland regions. For this, we studied the pollen and nectar foraging activity of four colonies of M. subnitida at Martins-RN, which is situated at an altitude of approximately 750 m. Between March and December of 2015, we counted the number of foragers during 5 minutes every half hour (between 05:00-08:00) and hourly (between 09:00-17:30) and registered the ambient temperature. The thermal window of pollen foraging (range of environmental temperatures at which 90% of bees returned to the colony) was between 20 and 31 ° C (range = 11 ° C) and that of nectar foraging between 20 and 31 ° C (range = 11 ° C). The difference between pollen and nectar foraging concerning the thermal window was statistically significant (TMED-Pollen = 23 ° C; TMED-Nectar = 25 ° C; Mann-Whitney Rank-Sum-Test: P <0.001). Our results indicate that M. subnitida is able to adjust its foraging activity to the climatic conditions prevailing at Moist Forest Enclaves, mainly through adjusting its lower temperature threshold to the low ambient temperatures in the morning in this habitat, which are significantly lower than those of lowland Caatinga regions. These results indicate that Moist Forest Enclaves at high altitudes are possible refuge habitats for M. subnitida in view of global warming predicted for the coming decades / As características climáticas da Caatinga influenciam diretamente as atividades desenvolvidas pelas abelhas da região, em cenários de aumento de temperatura algumas espécies podem procurar locais de refúgio para sobreviverem. No presente estudo, foi investigada a atividade de forrageamento de Melipona subnitida (Apidae, Meliponini), uma espécie de abelha sem ferrão altamente adaptada ao clima quente e semiárido da Caatinga, no nordeste brasileiro. Nós investigamos se esta abelha ajusta sua atividade de forrageamento para as condições climáticas dos enclaves de floresta úmida em altitudes elevadas no interior da Caatinga, caracterizadas por temperaturas ambientais reduzidas e precipitação elevada em comparação com as regiões de planície. Para isso, estudamos a atividade de pólen e néctar de quatro colônias de M. subnitida em Martins-RN, município localizado a uma altitude de aproximadamente 750 m. Entre março e dezembro de 2015, nós contamos o número de forrageiras que retornaram durante 5 minutos a cada meia hora (entre 05:00-08:00) e a cada hora (entre 09: 00-17:30) e foi registrada a temperatura ambiental. A janela térmica de pólen (faixa de temperaturas ambiental dentro do qual 90% das forrageiras retornaram para a colônia) foi entre 20 e 31 °C (amplitude = 11 °C), e de néctar entre 20 e 31 °C (amplitude = 11 °C). A diferença entre as forrageiras de pólen e de néctar relacionadas às temperaturas médias de retorno às colônias foi estatisticamente significativa (TMED-Pólen = 23 °C; TMED-Néctar = 25 °C; Mann-Whitney Rank-Sum-Test: P<0,001). Nossos resultados indicam que M. subnitida é capaz de ajustar sua atividade de forrageamento para as condições climáticas dos enclaves de floresta úmida, sincronizando o seu limiar de temperatura mais baixa para as temperaturas baixas da manhã nesse habitat, sendo significativamente inferiores aos das regiões de menor altitude da Caatinga. Estes resultados indicam os brejos de altitude como possível habitat de refúgio para M. subnitida em vista do aquecimento global previsto para as próximas décadas / 2017-03-23

Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee-colected pollens collected from beehive station Lískovec near the town Volary in the Protected Landscape Area of Šumava. Bee-collected pollens were collected once a week from one honey bee colony with using of a pollen trap. The time of collection was summer and late summer period from 22 June to 11 September 2010. Bee-collected pollens were dried, categorized by color, weighed and observed using the microscope. Pollen grains were determined by the number and type of apertures, shape, sculpture and size. Size of pollen grains was measured on at least 50 pollen grains of one type. In each microscopic slide were counted at least 500 pollen grains. The proportion of plant species in the sample was expressed as a percentage and the importace of plant species was evaluated in the diet of honey bees in the area of interest. Selected samples of bee-collected pollens from beehive station Lískovec and also from beehive station Dobčice were investigated for protein content and amino acid composition. Pollen belonging to Polemonium coeruleum, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens was evaluated as an important source of protein and amino acids for honey bees. The concentration of essential amino acids expressed as percentages of total amount of amino acids did not differ significantly between samples of bee-collected pollen. Another objective of the work was to compare the results from the area of interest with the results processed in the similar study from beehive station Dobčice in the northern area of the landscape Blanský les. The work also includes statistical evaluation of dominance, frequency, Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and variability between samples and species. The work is complemented by photographs of selected pollen grains.

The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the influence of mite Varroa destructor on the health of honeybees and the occurrence of viral diseases of bees. The presence of Nosema was also explored. The occurrence of deformed wing virus and acute bee paralysis virus was detected by RT-PCR method. Coprological examination proved the incidence of spore Nosema spp.

Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that are important for genome stability and integrity. They are shortened with each cell cycle and during organismal aging. Although the most common telomere length compensation mechanism is the activity of a special reverse transcriptase, telomerase, in Drosophila telomeres are maintained by the retrotransposition of telomeric elements. In mammals, telomere length and telomerase activity can be influenced by lifestyle and the environmental conditions. This thesis is focused on activity of telomere length maintenance mechanism in insects in relation to aging and stress response.

GUIMARÃES, Michelle de Oliveira. Comunidade de abelhas Euglossina (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em fragmentos de mata atlântica e mata litorânea no estado do Ceará. 2011. 80 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2011 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-08T15:10:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_moguimaraes.pdf: 2232570 bytes, checksum: 40e2c745d6def9eb1c5917b958ecbed4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-08T15:10:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_moguimaraes.pdf: 2232570 bytes, checksum: 40e2c745d6def9eb1c5917b958ecbed4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T15:10:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_moguimaraes.pdf: 2232570 bytes, checksum: 40e2c745d6def9eb1c5917b958ecbed4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / The research was conducted in the municipalities of Guaramiranga, Mulungu and Pacoti from the highlands of the Baturité’s Massif and Fortaleza located in coastal region, all located in the state of Ceará. The data collections were made monthly from 8:00 to 16:00 hours on four consecutive days during the period from November 2009 to November 2010 with the objective of carrying out a survey of Euglossina species who occurring in fragments of Atlantic Forest and Coastal Forest in the state of Ceará. For the collecting of these species were used the essences: methyl salicylate, eucalyptol, and vanillin. Males were attracted by scents and captured in bait-traps made with PET plastic bottles of two liters. We sampled 1.345 male Euglossina in those four areas of study, belonging to three genera and eight species. The four study areas had common species: Euglossa carolina, Euglossa fimbriata and Eulaema nigrita. The species Euglossa cfr. despecta, Euglossa pleosticta and Eulaema bombiformis occurred exclusively in the three municipalities of the Baturité’s Massif. Eufriesea auriceps was sampled only in the city of Guaramiranga and Euglossa cf. hemichlora only in Mulungu. With respect to abundance, the number of males sampled per species was very variable, Eulaema nigrita being the most abundant species in all sites. The three aromatic baits used in this study were effective in attracting males Euglossina, with eucalyptol being the essence more efficient in terms of abundance and richness of males attracted. The number of individuals varied with the seasons (winter and summer), were more active during the rainy season than in the dry months. Males Euglossina were collected throughout the day, however, most visits to baits occurred from 8:00 to 14:00 h. In all areas sampled males were more active during the morning, with higher activity in the range of 8:00 to 10:00h, concentrating 38,69% of those attracted to baits. The community structure of Euglossina described for the study areas is consistent with the pattern found in other regions of northeast Brazil. However, further studies on the community Euglossina must be made in other areas of Atlantic Forest fragments and Coastal Forest in the state of Ceará, in order to learn more about their diversity and distribution patterns, as well as reinforce the importance of conservation this biome. / A pesquisa foi realizada nos municípios de Guaramiranga, Mulungu e Pacoti da Região serrana do Maciço de Baturité e no município de Fortaleza localizado na Região Litorânea, todos situados no estado do Ceará. As coletas de dados foram realizadas mensalmente, das 8:00 às 16:00 horas, em quatro dias consecutivos, durante o período de novembro de 2009 a novembro de 2010, com o objetivo de realizar um levantamento das espécies de Euglossina que ocorrem em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica e Mata Litorânea no estado do Ceará. Para o levantamento das espécies foram utilizadas as essências: salicilato de metila, eucaliptol e vanilina. Os machos atraídos pelas essências foram capturados em iscas-armadilhas fabricadas com garrafas plásticas tipo PET de dois litros. Foram amostrados 1.345 machos de Euglossina, nas quatro áreas de estudo, pertencentes a três gêneros e oito espécies. As quatro áreas estudadas tiveram em comum as espécies: Euglossa carolina, Euglossa fimbriata e Eulaema nigrita. As espécies Euglossa cfr. despecta, Euglossa pleosticta e Eulaema bombiformis ocorreram exclusivamente nos três municípios do Maciço de Baturité. Eufriesea auriceps foi amostrada somente no município de Guaramiranga e Euglossa cfr. hemichlora apenas em Mulungu. Com relação a abundância, o número de machos amostrados por espécie foi muito variável, sendo Eulaema nigrita a espécie mais abundante em todos os sítios. As três iscas aromáticas utilizadas neste estudo mostraram-se eficientes na atração de machos de Euglossina, sendo o eucaliptol a essência mais eficiente em termos de abundância e riqueza de machos atraídos. O número de indivíduos variou de acordo com as estações (seca e chuvosa), sendo mais ativos na estação chuvosa do que nos meses da estação seca. Os machos de Euglossina foram coletados ao longo de todo o dia, porém, a maior parte das visitas às iscas ocorreu das 8:00h às 14:00h. Em todas as áreas amostradas os machos foram mais ativos no período da manhã, com maior atividade no intervalo de 8:00h às 10:00h, concentrando 38,69% do total de indivíduos atraídos às iscas. A estrutura da comunidade de abelhas Euglossina descrita para as áreas de estudo está de acordo com o padrão encontrado em outras regiões do Nordeste do Brasil. Porém, mais estudos sobre a comunidade de Euglossina precisam ser realizados nas demais áreas de fragmentos de Mata Atlântica e Mata Litorânea do estado do Ceará, a fim de se conhecer mais sobre sua diversidade e os padrões de distribuição, bem como reforçar a importância da conservação deste bioma.

Government introduced the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment Act, No. 53 of 2003 and the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment Codes of Good Practice (‘the Codes’) in 2007 to address the economic inequalities in South Africa by incentivising companies to include black people in economic activities. These incentives relate to implementation of preferential procurement, which is meant to favour companies that are BEE-compliant. Based on the literature and government’s intention with BEE policies, an assumption developed that companies with greater BEE compliance, which is measured through a BEE scorecard as per the Codes, would perform better in terms of market share through their revenue and in terms of profits. The main objective of this study was to carry out an in-depth analysis of the relationship between BEE scores and revenue growth and profitability of JSE-listed companies. This was done to determine whether the efforts by government of incentivising companies to be more BEE compliant are effective. This study was conducted as a two-part model consisting of regression analysis and ttest to determine whether there is a relationship between BEE scores and revenue and profitability. The regression analysis focused on the top 100 most black-empowered companies. The t-test was a comparison of two data sets, which consisted of companies in the top 100 most black-empowered companies and those that do no fall among the top 100 most black-empowered companies. The results showed that, at the time of this research, there were no significant relationships between BEE scores and revenue and profitability. The analysis of the research findings collectively demonstrated that for both the tests (regression and ttest), the relationship between revenue and profitability could not be established. Hence, the results postulate that BEE compliance does not produce the desired results for the companies, which can be translated into better profitability and market share. / Financial Accounting / M. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)