Leitões desmamados em sistema comercial passam por um intenso estresse devido a separação materna, alteração brusca na alimentação e reagrupamento de leitegadas, exacerbado pelas intensas interações agonísticas. Nós investigamos se a presença de um suíno mais velho na baia da creche, logo após o desmame, seria capaz de diminuir as interações agonísticas e a concentração de cortisol, tornando os leitões mais adaptados para lidar com o desafio imposto. Noventa e seis leitões de 21 dias de vida foram desmamados e divididos em 8 baias, das quais, 4 tinham um suíno mais velho. Foram feitas coletas de saliva em 48 animais (24 de cada tratamento), filmagem de comportamentos para posterior análise de interações agonísticas (48 animais, sendo 24 de cada tratamento), contagem total de lesão (96 animais) e um desafio de LPS e coleta de sangue para testar a hipótese. A presença do suíno mais velho diminuiu interações agressivas (p = 0,0419), porcentagem de tempo total gasto em interações agonísticas (p = 0,0289) e quantidade de lesões ( p = 0,0001). Não houve diferença na concentração de cortisol na saliva nem no soro sanguíneo, em resposta ao desafio de LPS entre os tratamentos. O suíno mais velho diminuiu a quantidade de interações agoníticas e a somatória de lesões, podendo ter melhorado a adaptação dos leitões ao momento de desmame / Piglets weaned under commercial systems experience an intense stress due to maternal separation, abrupt changes in the diet and mixing of litters, exacerbated by intensive agonistic interactions. We investigated whether the presence of an older swine in the nursery pen, after weaning, would be able to reduce agonistic interactions and the concentration of cortisol, making the piglets most adapted to deal with the challenge. Ninety-six 21 days old piglets were weaned and housed into 8 pens, of which 4 had an older swine. Saliva samples were taken from 48 animals (24 per treatment), vídeo for analysis of agonistic interactions (48 animals, 24 of each treatment), total count of lesion (96 animals) and a challenge of LPS and collection of blood was carried to test the hypothesis. The presence of the older swine decreased aggressive interactions (p = 0.0419), percentage of total time spent in fights (p = 0.0289) and number of lesions (p = 0.0001). There was no difference in the concentration of cortisol in saliva or in serum in response to LPS challenge. The older swine decreased the amount of agonistics interactions and the amount of lesions, thus it may have improved adaptation of piglet at weaning

In networks, using large buffers tend to increase end-to-end packet delay and its deviations, conflicting with real-time applications such as online gaming, audio-video services, IPTV, and VoIP. Further, large buffers complicate the design of high speed routers, leading to more power consumption and board space. According to Moore's law, switching speeds double every 18 months while memory access speeds double only every 10 years. Hence, as memory requirements increasingly become a limiting aspect of router design, studying networks in finite-buffer regime seems necessary for network engineers. This work focuses on both practical and theoretical aspects of finite-buffer networks. In Chapters 1-7, we investigate the effects of finite buffer sizes on the throughput and packet delay in different networks. These performance measures are shown to be linked to the stationary distribution of an underlying irreducible Markov chain that exactly models the changes in the network. An iterative scheme is proposed to approximate the steady-state distribution of buffer occupancies by decoupling the exact chain to smaller chains. These approximate solutions are used to analytically characterize network throughput and packet delay, and are also applied to some network performance optimization problems. Further, using simulations, it is confirmed that the proposed framework yields accurate estimates of the throughput and delay performance measures and captures the vital trends and tradeoffs in these networks. In Chapters 8-10, we address the problem of modeling and analysis of the performance of finite-memory random linear network coding in erasure networks. When using random linear network coding, the content of buffers creates dependencies which cannot be captured directly using the classical queueing theoretical models. A careful derivation of the buffer occupancy states and their transition rules are presented as well as decodability conditions when random linear network coding is performed on a stream of arriving packets.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-117). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Submitted by Lucas Martins Ikeziri (lucas.ikeziri@unesp.br) on 2018-08-13T13:57:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucas Martins Ikeziri.pdf: 3834872 bytes, checksum: dcbff094cc5b0ef08e5910d9efbb4364 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Minervina Teixeira Lopes null (vina_lopes@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-08-13T18:33:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ikeziri_lm_me_bauru.pdf: 3267956 bytes, checksum: 0073dc72ff68b084049d7c710e797002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T18:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ikeziri_lm_me_bauru.pdf: 3267956 bytes, checksum: 0073dc72ff68b084049d7c710e797002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-28 / O gerenciamento de estoques em cadeias de suprimentos vem enfrentando diversos problemas, como baixa rotatividade, altos investimentos em estoque, vendas perdidas por rupturas e alto índice de obsolescência dos produtos estocados. Assim, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar a efetividade da técnica Gerenciamento Dinâmico do Pulmão (Dynamic Buffer Management - DBM) como forma de preservar a disponibilidade de produtos destinados à entrega imediata em ambientes que adotem a solução de distribuição e reposição puxada da Teoria das Restrições. Para tanto, foram realizadas simulações no software ProModel utilizando dados estocásticos para o tempo de reposição e cenários com diferentes combinações de demanda. Esta, por sua vez, pode se comportar de duas formas: i) média sem tendência com dois níveis de coeficiente de variação e ii) média com tendência sazonal com dois níveis de intensidade. Dois algoritmos do DBM foram modelados segundo seus princípios constatados na literatura e combinados com parâmetros para ajuste dinâmico do estoque alvo. Os modelos foram avaliados por meio dos seguintes indicadores: fill rate, estoque médio no sistema e rotatividade por atendimento imediato da demanda. Os resultados indicam que para a demanda média sem tendência, desativar o DBM e manter um nível sensato de estoque alvo no sistema inibe ajustes indevidos e garante um bom desempenho do modelo. Contudo, para a demanda média com tendência sazonal, o DBM é altamente recomendado para assegurar a performance do sistema e ajustar os níveis de estoque conforme o padrão da demanda se altera. / Inventory management in supply chains has faced several problems, such as low turnover, high inventory investments, lost sales due to disruptions, and high obsolescence of stored products. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Dynamic Buffer Management (DBM) technique as a way of preserving the availability of products destined for immediate delivery in environments that adopt the distribution solution and pull replenishment of the Theory of Constraints (TOC). For that, simulations were performed in the ProModel software using stochastic data for the replenishment time and scenarios with different combinations of demand. This, in turn, can behave in two ways: i) average without trend with two levels of coefficient of variation and ii) average with seasonal trend with two levels of intensity. Two DBM algorithms were modeled according to their principles found in the literature and combined with parameters for dynamic adjustment of the target level. The models were evaluated through the following indicators: fill rate, average inventory in the system and turnover for immediate demand response. The results indicate that for the average demand without trend, disabling DBM and maintaining a sensible level of target level in the system inhibits undue adjustments and ensures good model performance. However, for average demand with seasonal trend, DBM is highly recommended to ensure system performance and adjust inventory levels as the demand pattern changes.

Made available in DSpace on 2008-05-13T13:48:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-04 / The objective of this paper is to analyze the foreign reserves accumulation among countries such Brazil that builds up international reserves to be protected from externai crises as well as to diminish such probability. We desire to analyze also the determination of optimal levei of reserves. We will approach brief historical of the literature of reserves holdings. In the study of Brazil, we will discuss the optimal levei of Brazilian international reserves using buffer stock model, with temporaries series approach, differing from previous cross-section studies. / O objetivo deste trabalho analisar acumulação de reservas internacionais por parte de países como Brasil, que acumulam reservas na tentativa de se proteger de crises externas bem como diminuir tal probabilidade. Desejamos analisar determinação do nível ótimo de reservas. Apresentaremos um breve histórico da literatura sobre acumulação de reservas. No estudo do Brasil, discutiremos nível ótimo de reservas internacionais brasileiras usando modelo de buffer stock, partir de uma abordagem de séries temporais, diferindo de trabalhos anteriores usando dados cross-section.

Submitted by ROBSON FLÁVIO CASTRO null (robson.afl@gmail.com) on 2016-05-04T14:03:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBSON_CASTRO_AUTOARQUIVAMENTO.pdf: 19394323 bytes, checksum: 7e472e92d451cc588e98cedecc565eba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-06T14:50:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 castro_rf_me_bauru.pdf: 19394323 bytes, checksum: 7e472e92d451cc588e98cedecc565eba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-06T14:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 castro_rf_me_bauru.pdf: 19394323 bytes, checksum: 7e472e92d451cc588e98cedecc565eba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Por meio de experimentos baseados em simulação computacional, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do Sistema de Coordenação de Ordens (SCO) Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope (S-DBR) aplicado a ambientes de produção para estoque, denominado Make-to-Availability (MTA). Composto por um conjunto de técnicas, o MTA visa maximizar o nível de serviço a partir da garantia de estoques de produtos acabados para pronta entrega. Nesta pesquisa, são criadas derivações do MTA com as retiradas das técnicas Gerenciamento do Pulmão, Priorização pelo Status do Pulmão e Carga Planejada. O desempenho das derivações é comparado com o MTA em sua forma completa. Para tanto, quatro indicadores de desempenho são utilizados: fill rate, estoque em processo, estoque de produtos acabados e tempo de reposição. Quatro cenários foram simulados, variando as taxas médias de demanda e o coeficiente de variação dos tempos de processamento. O MTA não obteve o melhor desempenho em nenhum dos indicadores, nos quatro cenários, porém a retirada das técnicas não trouxe melhoras significativas na disponibilidade dos produtos, e em alguns casos aumentou extremamente os níveis de estoque e o tempo de reposição. Ao final as técnicas se mostraram importantes para manter a disponibilidade dos produtos com menores níveis de estoque e menor tempo de reposição. / Through experiments with computer simulation, this work aims to evaluate the performance of an Ordering System Coordinator (OSC), Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope applied to a make to stock environment, called Make-To-Availability (MTA). Composed of a set of techniques, the MTA aims to maximize the level of service from the supply guarantee for immediate delivery. In this research, MTA derivations are created pulling out the techniques Buffer Management, Status of Buffer Prioritization and Planned Load. The performance of derivations was compared with MTA in its complete form. For this purpose, four performance indicators were utilized: fill rate, work in process, finished goods inventory and reposition time. Four scenarios were simulated, with different median demand rates and the coefficient of variation of the process time. The MTA does not obtain the best performance in any indicator, at the four scenarios, however the pulling out of techniques does not bring significant improvement on product availability, and in some cases, stocks and reposition time greatly increased. In the end, the techniques have shown important to keep the availability of products with lower stocks and smaller reposition time.

nÃo hà / O presente trabalho agrega à discussÃo da literatura teÃrica-empÃrica, seguindo conceitualmente Heller (1966), e alinhando-se a Calvo, Izquierdo e Loo-Kung (2012), e Alfaro e Kanczuk (2007; 2014), ao analisar as reservas internacionais dos paÃses que compÃem os BRIC, relativamente ao perÃodo de 1997 a 2013, com o intuito de associar o patamar otimizado de reservas a um instrumento gerencial de proteÃÃo (buffer) dos ativos pÃblicos, que funcionam como um amortecedor perante os desequilÃbrios do balanÃo de pagamentos, em funÃÃo de crises e sudden stops, dadas as evidÃncias prÃvias de contÃgio e integraÃÃo financeira neste bloco. O interesse pelos BRIC à pautado no fato de que nos prÃximos cinquenta anos, estas naÃÃes poderÃo vir a se tornar as maiores forÃas da economia mundial. Seguindo metodologicamente Frenkel e Jovanic (1981), aplicou-se o modelo intitulado de buffer stock nas sÃries temporais das reservas, havendo a inovaÃÃo e a relevÃncia no trabalho em virtude da consideraÃÃo dos possÃveis efeitos cruzados significativos das volatilidades condicionais e dos respectivos spreads intrabloco, atravÃs de um modelo vetorial com correÃÃo de erros (VEC). Verifica-se ainda que, sob a aplicaÃÃo deste modelo economÃtrico, os resultados permitiram identificar o papel relevante desempenhado pela volatilidade das reservas brasileira e russa, assim como do spread chinÃs na explicaÃÃo da gestÃo de reservas em alguns dos demais BRIC, que reflete na adoÃÃo de eventuais posturas conservadoras ou ousadas, por parte dos policy makers integrantes do bloco. / This study adds to discussion of theoretical and empirical literature, conceptually following Heller (1966), and aligning with the Calvo, Izquierdo e Loo-Kung (2012), and Alfaro e Kanczuk (2007; 2014), when analyzing international reserves countries that make up BRIC, for period 1997-2013, with a view to involving optimal level of reserves to a management tool protection (buffers) of public assets, which act as a buffer before balance of payments imbalances , due to crises and sudden stops, given previous evidence of contagion and financial integration in this block. Interest in BRIC is grounded in fact that next fifty years, these nations are likely to become major forces in the world economy. Following methodologically Frenkel e Jovanić (1981), we applied model titled buffer stock in time series of stores, and innovation and relevance in work due to consideration of likely significant cross effects of conditional volatilities and their bloc spreads, through a vector error correction model (VEC). It also appears that under application of econometric model, study findings show important role played by volatility of Brazilian and Russian stocks, as well as Chinese spread in explaining reserve management in some of other BRIC, which reflects adoption of any conservative or daring attitudes on the part of policy makers members of the bloc.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:03:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Polianny Almeida Lima.pdf: 1135711 bytes, checksum: 18018c30e2dd4e938af7eadcae042cbe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Standard networking technologies are based on typical assumptions such as the existence of connectivity end-to-end between source and destination for the entire period of communication, low error rates, retransmission mechanisms to repair errors, and relatively small communication delays. If one or more of these assumptions are not achieved in practice, blinks occur in communication, creating challenges that must be overcome to ensure the successful transmission. In this context, came the delay-tolerant networks and disconnection (DTN - Delay Tolerant Networks), an emerging technology for communications when there is no network infrastructure and disconnections may occur frequently due to the mobility of nodes. To bypass the problem of disconnections, DTN networks use the concept of persistent storage, which becomes a problem because the nodes have limited capacity of the buffers. The question is how to select the messages that remain in buffers longer considering the unpredictable mobility of nodes, short contacts between pairs of nodes, storage nodes achieved by finite and so on. This paper proposes a buffer management that transmits messages adaptively based on entropy variation of mobility network. / Tecnologias de redes tradicionais baseiam-se em suposições típicas, como a existência de conectividade fim a fim entre origem e destino durante todo o período de comunicação, baixas taxas de erros, mecanismos de retransmissão para reparar erros, e atrasos de comunicação relativamente pequenos. Caso uma ou mais dessas suposições não sejam alcançadas na prática, ocorrem intermitências na comunicação, criando desafios que devem ser superados a fim de garantir o sucesso na transmissão. Nesse contexto, surgiram as redes tolerantes a atraso e desconexão (DTN - Delay Tolerant Networks), uma tecnologia emergente para comunicações quando não há infraestrutura de rede e desconexões podem ocorrer com frequência devido à mobilidade dos nodos. Para contornar o problema das desconexões, as redes DTN utilizam o conceito de armazenamento persistente, o que se torna um problema, pois os nodos tem capacidade de buffers limitada. A questão é selecionar as mensagens que ficarão nos buffers por mais tempo levando em consideração a mobilidade imprevisível dos nodos, contatos de curta duração entre pares de nodos, armazenamento finito realizado pelos nodos e assim por diante. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de gerenciamento de buffer que transmite mensagens de forma adaptativa baseada na variação de entropia de mobilidade da rede.

Cette thèse s’insère dans un projet d’élaboration et de caractérisation des cellules photovoltaïques organiques classiques et inverses, plus précisément il s’agit d’améliorer les performances des cellules via des couches tampons anodiques et cathodiques originales. Nous avons commencé d’améliorer les couches tampons cathodiques avec différents donneurs d’électrons: phtalocyanine de cuivre CuPc, subphtalocyanine SubPc et dérivés de thiophène organiques. Dans le premier cas de donneur d’électrons (CuPc), nous avons mis en évidence l’effet d’une fine couche d’un composé de césium, utilisée comme couche tampon cathodique dans des cellules inverses, sur la collecte des électrons après un traitement thermique. Nous avons montré aussi que la couche tampon cathodique hybride, Alq3 (9nm) / Ca (3nm) améliore les performances des cellules quelque soit le donneur d’électrons et sans nécessité de recuit. Dans le cas de drivés de thiophène, nous avons montré comment la morphologie de surface des couches organiques peut influencer les performances des cellules photovoltaïques organiques. Et dans le cas de SubPc utilisé dans des cellules inverses, nous avons étudié l’effet de la vitesse de dépôt de la couche SubPc sur sa morphologie. Concernant l’amélioration de la couche tampon anodique, nous avons étudié des cellules classiques à base SubPc et du pentathiophene (5T). Après l’optimisation de l’épaisseur des donneurs d’électrons, nous avons montré que la bicouche MoO3 (3 nm) / Cul (1,5 nm) utilisée comme couche tampon anodique, permet d'améliorer les performances des cellules, quelque soit le donneur d’électrons. Dans le cas du SubPc, nous avons obtenu un rendement qui approche de 5%. / This thesis concerns elaboration and characterization of classical and inverse organic photovoltaic cells, specifically improving the anodic and cathodic buffer layers. We started by improving the cathode buffer layers with different electron donors: copper phthalocyanine CuPc, subphtalocyanine SubPc and thiophene derivatives (BSTV and BOTV). In the first case of electron donor (CuPc), we highlighted the effect of the thin layer of cesium compound, used as a cathodic buffer layer in inverse cells, on the collection of electrons after heat treatment.We have also shown that the hybrid cathodic buffer layer, Alq3 (9 nm) / Ca (3nm) improves the cell performance whatever the electron donor without annealing. In the case of thiophene derivatives, we have shown how the morphology of the organic layers surface can influence the performance of organic photovoltaic cells. In the case of SubPc used in inverse cells, we studied the effect of the deposition rate of the layer on the morphology of SubPc surface.Regarding the improvement of the anodic buffer layers, we investigated those based on the SubPc and pentathiophene (5T) in classical cells. After optimization of the electron donors thickness, we have shown that the bilayer MoO3 (3 nm) / CuI (1.5 nm) used as an anodic buffer layer, improves cell performances, whatever the electron donor. In the case of SubPc, we obtained a efficiency approaching 5%.

Publication aims to propose and apply new metrics for intrusion detection in network traffic according to analysis of existing metrics, analysis of network traffic and behavioral characteristics of known attacks. The main goal of the thesis is to propose and implement new collection of metrics which will be capable to detect zero day attacks.