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This essay aims to explore the dialect use in speech and writing in different school contexts among pupils in grade three in Värmland, Sweden and their teacher’s attitude to dialect usage in the classroom. The methods used for the survey are structured observations, collected documents and qualitative semi- structured interviews with both pupils and their teacher. The purpose of using three different methods is to get as complete a survey and credible result as possible as the methods in this case complement each other in an advantageous way. The result shows that a majority of the participating pupils use their dialect in most of the different speech situation with the exception of oral presentations and presentation of today´s date and lunch during morning assemblies. In these situation the dialect is often modified. As for the pupils´ writing in dialect, the result shows, however, that it seldom occurs at all. The pupils generally do not see themselves as dialect speakers while their teacher argues that everyone in the class speaks the local dialect. Furthermore, the results of the teacher interview shows that the teacher is sympathetic to the use of dialect in general and sees no problem with dialect in speech, but does not accept dialect use in school writing. / Min studie syftar till att undersöka värmländska elevers dialektanvändning i såväl tal som i skrift i olika skolsammanhang samt att ta reda på deras lärares inställning till dialektanvändning i klassrummet. Metoderna som legat till grund för undersökningen är strukturerade observationer, insamlade dokument samt kvalitativa semistrukturerade elev- och lärarintervjuer. Avsikten med att använda tre olika metoder är att få en så fullständig undersökning och trovärdigt resultat som möjligt då metoderna i detta fall kompletterar varandra på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att majoriteten av de medverkande eleverna använder sig av sin värmländska dialekt i de flesta talsituationer, med undantag för muntliga framställningar och presentation av dagens datum och lunch under morgonsamlingar. Vid dessa tillfällen modifieras ofta dialekten. Vad gäller elevernas skrivande på dialekt visar resultatet däremot att det nästan inte förekommer alls. Eleverna själva anser sig överlag inte heller tala värmländska medan deras lärare hävdar att alla i klassen talar dialektalt. Vidare visar resultatet från lärarintervjun att läraren är positivt inställd till dialektanvändning generellt och ser inga problem med dialekt i tal, men accepterar inte dialektal användning i skrift i skolsammanhang.

São mais de cento e trinta anos de imigração tirolesa no Brasil. Ainda não sabemos exatamente qual o número real de imigrantes tiroleses que, saídos principalmente da região trentina no final do século XIX, desembarcaram em terras brasileiras com suas esperanças e o sonho de far lAmérica. Sabemos, entretanto, que sua influência cultural deixou contribuições importantes na sociedade brasileira, sobretudo nos estados do Sul e Sudeste. O presente trabalho propõe analisar a fala da comunidade tirolesa (trentina) da cidade de Piracicaba, formada por dois bairros: Santana e Santa Olímpia. Juntos, os bairros rurais são a mais significativa colônia tirolesa do estado de São Paulo, cuja variante do português, marcadamente influenciada pelo dialeto trentino (ainda mantido na comunidade e ali chamado tirolés), destaca e diferencia seus moradores no contexto linguístico piracicabano. As análises registram os aspectos principais dessa variante do português e acreditamos que servirão, alfim, para um melhor conhecimento sobre a comunidade tirolesa de Piracicaba, bem como para uma compreensão mais abrangente acerca da diversidade linguística das comunidades de imigração do Brasil. / More than one hundred and thirty years have passed since the tyrolean immigration in Brazil has began and we still do not know the exactly real number of tyrolean immigrants that landed in brazilian territories with their hopes and dreams of \"far lAmerica\", most of them coming from the Trentino region in the late nineteenth century. We know, however, that their cultural influence left important contributions in the brazilian society, especially in the states of the south and southeast. This work proposes to analyze the speech of the tyrolean community (from Trentino) in the city of Piracicaba, comprised of two neighborhoods: Santana and Santa Olimpia. Together, the rural districts are the most significant tyrolean colony of São Paulo state, in which the portuguese language variant highlights and differentiates the people who lives there from the linguistic context of the city of Piracicaba, strongly influenced by the Trentinian dialect ( which remains in those neighborhoods).. The analysis show the main aspects of this variant of the portuguese language and we believe that they will be useful to better understand the tyrolean community of Piracicaba as well to improve the knowledge about the linguistic diversity of communities of immigrants in Brazil.

This diploma thesis is based on the bachelor thesis Chodské nářečí ve třech generacích. It expands on the topic of the "chod" dialect from the works of Jindřich Šimon Baar aswell as contemporary authors. The basis of this work is formed by a comparison of the current spoken form of the dialect with the dialect's version from the 1950s and comparison of the dialect stylization in Baar's books with todays stylization. The aim is to examine the evolution of the "chod" dialect's stylization and spoken form. This thesis is based on the hypothesis of a slowly disappearing dialect in all aspects and searches for evidence of this occurrence. Basis for the theoretical part are findings about Jindřich Šimon Baar, his life and his work. Furthermore the current knowledge about dialects with a focus on the southwestern dialect "chod". No less important is the part examining text stylization. The practical part is based on the language analysis of Baar's books partly written in a dialect in comparison with books of contemporary authors. And also comparison of audio recordings of the dialect with recordings from the archive of Jindřich Jindřich.

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In this thesis we have not entered the names of all the authors who wrote in the Venetian language in the course of the XX century, but only the names of those who distinguished themselves. / This thesis does not deal exclusively with poetry, but it includes also prose, theatre and journalism. In fact, analyzing so many and such varied works allowed us to formulate working hypotheses on the origins, evolution and various motivations of their respective authors. It also supplied us with some clues as to why they chose to write in a regional language and, sometimes, in one of its dialects. / Our work has taken into account the literary production in other regional languages of Italy, as well as the theoretical writings on this subject. / Owing to the synoptic presence of all of these elements, this thesis fills an existing gap and thus offers a positive contribution to contemporary scholarship on regional languages and literatures.

This thesis is concerned with the syntax of productive morphological causatives in the Finno-Ugric language North Sami, within the theoretical setting of the Chomskian Principles and Parameters/Minimalist framework. Providing rich and novel data, the thesis situates North Sami in the general typology of causative constructions, demonstrating that causatives in this language invariably are of the so-called Faire Par-variety. The issues treated in this thesis are directly concerned with the anatomy of the verb phrase and the fine-grained details of its syntactic decomposition. Specifically, it is argued that the syntactic head that introduces the external argument and which provides the locus of agentivity must be distinct from the head hosting the Cause component of an agentive verb. It is shown that the Faire Par causative selects as its complement a truncated verbal projection corresponding to this Cause component. This captures a long-standing observation that the Base Verb in a Faire Par construction is restricted to a class that can descriptively be characterized as agentive. We thus take issue with other proposals that seek to constrain the formation of Faire Par causatives on other grounds. Furthermore, it is shown that the Base Object in a Faire Par causative is an argument of the causative formative, and not of the Base Verb. This conclusion is based on a number of selectional asymmetries that depend on whether the verb has undergone Faire Par-causativization or not.

Thesis (doctoral)--Oulun yliopisto, 1992. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-258).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Linguistics, March, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

São mais de cento e trinta anos de imigração tirolesa no Brasil. Ainda não sabemos exatamente qual o número real de imigrantes tiroleses que, saídos principalmente da região trentina no final do século XIX, desembarcaram em terras brasileiras com suas esperanças e o sonho de far lAmérica. Sabemos, entretanto, que sua influência cultural deixou contribuições importantes na sociedade brasileira, sobretudo nos estados do Sul e Sudeste. O presente trabalho propõe analisar a fala da comunidade tirolesa (trentina) da cidade de Piracicaba, formada por dois bairros: Santana e Santa Olímpia. Juntos, os bairros rurais são a mais significativa colônia tirolesa do estado de São Paulo, cuja variante do português, marcadamente influenciada pelo dialeto trentino (ainda mantido na comunidade e ali chamado tirolés), destaca e diferencia seus moradores no contexto linguístico piracicabano. As análises registram os aspectos principais dessa variante do português e acreditamos que servirão, alfim, para um melhor conhecimento sobre a comunidade tirolesa de Piracicaba, bem como para uma compreensão mais abrangente acerca da diversidade linguística das comunidades de imigração do Brasil. / More than one hundred and thirty years have passed since the tyrolean immigration in Brazil has began and we still do not know the exactly real number of tyrolean immigrants that landed in brazilian territories with their hopes and dreams of \"far lAmerica\", most of them coming from the Trentino region in the late nineteenth century. We know, however, that their cultural influence left important contributions in the brazilian society, especially in the states of the south and southeast. This work proposes to analyze the speech of the tyrolean community (from Trentino) in the city of Piracicaba, comprised of two neighborhoods: Santana and Santa Olimpia. Together, the rural districts are the most significant tyrolean colony of São Paulo state, in which the portuguese language variant highlights and differentiates the people who lives there from the linguistic context of the city of Piracicaba, strongly influenced by the Trentinian dialect ( which remains in those neighborhoods).. The analysis show the main aspects of this variant of the portuguese language and we believe that they will be useful to better understand the tyrolean community of Piracicaba as well to improve the knowledge about the linguistic diversity of communities of immigrants in Brazil.