Um estudo interdisciplinar, envolvendo análises de fácies, elementares e isotópicas de carbono e nitrogênio, palinologia e diatomáceas, teve como objetivo reconstruir a dinâmica da vegetação, na Ilha do Marajó, com inferências climáticas. Testemunhos sedimentares foram coletados em dois pontos diferentes na porção leste da Ilha, um no manguezal da Praia do Pesqueiro, outro no Lago São Luís, à ~35Km de distância a oeste e a ~8Km do litoral. Neste local, entre 7521 7433 anos cal AP e ~3.100 anos cal AP, a sedimentação é de argila maciça e laminação plano/paralela, com valores de C/N entre 45 e 15 e \'delta\'15N entre 1,34%o e 5,08%o, que indicam mistura de material orgânico terrestre e fitoplanctônico e a relação C/N e \'delta\'13C material com influência marinha. A concentração de Rhizophora chega a 94,4% do total dos grãos e as diatomáceas marinhas e salobras de Cyclotella striata, Cymatotheca weiisflogii e Paralia sulcata são as mais representativas. Todas essas informações indicam a presença de um manguezal onde atualmente se encontra o Lago São Luis. Entre ~3100 anos cal AP e o presente, as fácies de argila maciça, com os valores de C/N entre 18 e 24 e \'delta\'15N de 1,7 a 6,04%o, que indicam mistura de plantas terrestres com material de algas na matéria orgânica sedimentar, e os valores de \'delta\'13C de -22 a -25%o, que indicam mistura de plantas C3 (espécies arbóreas e herbáceas) e C4 (Poaceae), sugerem significativa mudança ambiental. A palinologia registra uma redução na concentração de Rhizophora e aumento das espécies florestais, como Fabaceae, Melastomataceae/Combretaceae e Myrtaceae e a presença das diatomáceas de água doce, de água doce que suportam condições salobras e de mangue, como Brachysira serians, Frustulia Krammeri, Eunotia sp e Surirella sp. Todas essas informações indicam a formação do lago e a modificação da vegetação no seu entorno, similar a atual. Na Praia do Pesqueiro, entre 1739 1567 e ~614 552 anos cal AP, as fácies de areia com estratificação plano/paralela indicam um ambiente de ante-praia. Valores de \'delta\'13C mais enriquecidos (-25 e -26%o), em relação ao período mais recente (parte superfícial do testemunho), sugerem influência marinha e os bioindicadores estiveram ausentes. De ~614 552 até ~180 160 anos cal AP, fácies de argila maciça indica a presença de uma laguna e valores de C/N de 23,8 e \'delta\'15N de 2,44%o a influência terrestre no material orgânico sedimentar. Palinomorfos de floresta e mangue estão presentes, com concentração de 8,6% e 88,2%, respectivamente, aspectos que sugerem a redução do nível relativo do mar (NRM) e expansão da vegetação de mangue e floresta, que ocupam a área de praia. A preservação de diatomáceas marinhas é registrada pela presença de Coscinodiscus. De ~180 160 anos cal AP até o presente, o manguezal se estabelece, como mostram as fácies de argila laminada e maciça, valores de \'delta\'13C mais empobrecidos (-29,34), C/N entre 18,31 e 24,25 e \'delta\'15N de 0,76 e 2,68%o, que indicam influência terrestre com mistura de matéria orgânica fitoplanctônica. A concentração de Rhizophora chega a 89,8% e as diatomáceas de ambiente salobro, como Cyclotella striata, a 85% do total, onde se infere a contínua redução do NRM / An interdisciplinary study involving facies, elementary and isotopic carbon and nitrogen, pollen and diatom analyses, had the objective to reconstruct the vegetation dynamics at Marajó Island, with climatic inferences. Sedimentary cores of up to 2,5meters were collected in two different points at the eastern part of the island, one in the mangrove at Praia do Pesqueiro, and other at São Luís lake, ~35 km far to the western part and ~8 km from the coast. In this place, between 7521 7433 years cal BP and ~3,100 years cal BP, the deposition of massive and laminated plan/parallel clay, with C/N between 45 and 15 and \'delta\'15N from 1.34 to 5.08%o, indicates a mixture of organic terrestrial material with phytoplankton, and the relation C/N and \'delta\'13C reveals the organic material with marine influence. The Rhizophora concentration is about 94.4% and marine and brackish most representative diatoms were Cyclotella striata, Cymatotheca weissflogii and Paralia sulcata. That batch of information indicates the mangrove presence in the site presently occupied by the Lake São Luís. From ~3100 years cal BP to the present, the massive clay structure and the C/N values between 18 and 24 and \'delta\'15N from 1.7 to 6.04%o that indicates a mixture of terrestrial plants and algae material from sedimentary organic matter and \'delta\'13C values from -22 to 25%o, that indicates a mixture of C3 plants (arboreal and herbs) and C4 (Poaceae), suggest significant environmental changes. The pollen record indicate a reduction of Rhizophora concentration and an increase of forest species, like Fabaceae, Melastomataceae/Combretaceae and Myrtaceae, and the presence of freshwater, freshwater that support brackish conditions and mangrove diatoms, like Brachysira serians, Frustulia Krammeri, Eunotia sp and Surirella sp. This set of information indicates the formation and the vegetation around the lake, similar to modern conditions. At Praia do Pesqueiro, between 1739 1567 and ~ 614 552 years cal BP, the plan/ parallel sand structures indicate a foreshore environment. More enriched \'delta\'13C values (between -25 and -26%o), in relation to the more recent period (shallow part of the core), suggests marine influence, and the bioindicators were absent. From ~614 552 until ~180 160 years cal BP, massive clay facies indicates the lagoon presence, and C/N of 23.8 and \'delta\'15N of 2.44%o values indicates terrestrial influence. Forest and mangrove pollen are present, with concentrations around 8.6 and 88.2%, respectively, suggesting the relative sea level (RSL) falling and the expansion of mangrove and forest vegetation to the beach area. The preserved marine diatom is recorded by the Coscinodiscus presence. From ~180 160 years cal BP to the present, the mangrove vegetation is indicated by the massive and laminated clay structures, more depleted \'delta\'13C values (-29.34 %), C/N around 18.31 and 24.25 and \'delta\'15N of 0.76 and 2.68%o, that indicates the high influence of terrestrial environment, with phytoplankton organic matter mixture. The pollen concentration of Rhizophora is about 89.8% and brackish diatoms, as Cyclotella striata, reaches 85%, which permit the inference of decreased marine influence due to the relative sea level fall

This study aimed to obtain the chronologies of the occupation of Justin Cemeteries Archeological Site, located in Canindé San Francisco, State of Sergipe. The ages were obtained by dating isotope 14C using the technique of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), Beta Analytic Laboratory (USA). Were initially selected for analysis samples of human teeth and bones, respectively, but these materials showed no collagen volume allowing the dating. Thus, selected samples of charcoal four layers of stratigraphic site, which fires occurred in old structures. The results show four distinct cycles of human occupation in the region Xingó, namely 2510 ± 30 BP, 4390 ± 30 BP, 7530 ± 30 and 12220 ± 50 AP AP. These new radiocarbon dating conducted for Site Justin Caninde show that culture is much older than hitherto had knowledge, kicking the arrival of these populations to the Quaternary period and Pleistocene epoch. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo obter as cronologias das ocupação dos Cemitérios do Sítio Arqueológico Justino, localizado no município de Canindé de São Francisco, Estado de Sergipe. As idades foram obtidas por datação isótopos de 14C pela técnica de Espectrometria de Massa por Acelerador (AMS), laboratório Beta Analytic (USA). Incialmente foram selecionados para a análises amostras de dentes e ossos humanos, respectivamente, porém estes materiais não apresentaram volume de colágeno que permitisse a datação. Desta forma, selecionou-se amostras de carvão vegetal em quatro camadas estratigráficas do sítio, que ocorriam em estruturas de fogueiras antigas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam quatro ciclos distintos da ocupação humana na região de Xingó, a saber: 2.510 ± 30 AP, 4.390 ± 30 AP, 7.530 ± 30 AP e 12.220 ± 50 AP. Estas novas datações radiocarbônicas realizadas para o Sítio Justino mostram que a cultura Canindé é bem mais antiga do que até então se tinha conhecimento, retrocedendo a chegada dessas populações para o período Quaternário época Pleistoceno.

No description available.

The Understen-Märket trench is located in the Southern Quark and is the only deep-water connection between the Baltic Propper and the Gulf of Bothnia. Bathymetric mapping reveals a number of eroded channels and drift deposits exists on the seafloor, indicating that the area is heavily affected by current activity. Bottom current behavior in the area is not thoroughly understood, but generally in the BalticBasin, there is southward flowing fresh surface waters compensated by denser northward-flowing more saline bottom waters. The dominant direction of flow for bottom waters in the Southern Quark is northward. Northward speeds often exceed the threshold required to erode fine material on the seafloor. Using geophysical data and marine sediment cores, this study shows that current eroded channels and drift deposits in the Understen-Märket trench were initially formed in the late Holocene between 3 – 4kyr BP, during the transition from the Littorina to the Post Littorina stages of the Baltic Sea. Application of the sortable silt (SS) proxy for current sorting show three distinct regimes that closely match the assigned lithologic units (LU) based on core descriptions. Downcore grain size analysis of three marine sediment cores reveals a gradual boundary to sandy sediments that caps two of the cores recovered from an eroded channel. The third core was recovered from the drift deposit which mostly consists of silt. The progressive coarsening suggests that the current activity has increased during the late Holocene. A simplified model is presented that shows how moderate (20-50 m) shallowing of the sill, which has occurred in response to isostatic rebound between 8 and 4 kyr BP, could have generated the higher current speeds seen today. However, this should be explored using more advanced paleo-circulation models.

No description available.

This thesis provides new insights into the societal organisation of iron production within past societies within Northern-Middle Sweden, through the applications of advanced GIS analyses and statistics, as well as the modelling of hypothetical hot spots of iron production through newly developed hydro-geological theories.  Parallel shifts in iron production intensities occurred during the 6th century AD. This is interpreted as reflecting different levels of adaptiveness to the climate crisis of AD 536/40. Differences in connectivity to major waterways between northern and southern watersheds are observed, possibly reflecting differing needs for transporting the iron. Clusters with large iron production sites are mainly located along the rivers, whereas groups of smaller iron production sites with no visible charcoal pits occur in outland positions. The lack of visible charcoal pits is interpreted as a low-scale charcoal production, less visible. / Denna uppsats bidrar med nya perspektiv på järnframställningens samhällsprägel inom Mellannorrland. Detta uppnås genom tillämpningen av avancerade GIS-analyser och statistik, samt modellering av hypotetiska järnframställnings-zoner inom landskapen, genom tillämpningen av nya hydro-geologiska teorier. Parallella förändringar i järnframställningens intensitet ägde rum under 500-talet. Detta tolkas som skiftande anpassningsförmågor inom samhällen till klimatkrisen som ägde rum 536/40 e.v.t. Olika grader av närhet till högkommunikativa vattenleder mellan nordliga och sydliga områden observeras, vilket kan indikera olika behov av transportleder för järn. Kluster av stora järnframställningsplatser framträder främst längst dessa vattenleder, medan järnframställningen inom utmarkerna är mer lågskalig, och saknar ofta synliga kolningsgropar. Saknaden av dessa tolkas som förekomsten av en långskallig kolframställning, som inte är lika väl synlig i landskapet.

Yes / Icelandic settlement (Landnám) period farmsteads offer opportunities to explore the nature and timing of anthropogenic activities and environmental impacts of the first Holocene farming communities. We employ Bayesian statistical modelling of archaeological, paleoenvironmental and documentary datasets to present a framework for improving chronological robustness of archaeological events. Specifically, we discuss events relevant to the farm Hrísbrú, an initial and complex settlement site in southwest Iceland. We demonstrate that tephra layers are key in constraining reliable chronologies, especially when combined with related datasets and treated in a Bayesian framework. The work presented here confirms earlier interpretations of the chronology of the site while providing increased confidence in the robustness of the chronology. Most importantly, integrated modelling of AMS radiocarbon dates on Hordeum vulgare grains, palynological data, documented evidence from textual records and typologically diagnostic artefacts yield increased dating reliability. The analysis has also shown that AMS radiocarbon dates on bone collagen need further scrutiny. Specifically for the Hrísbrú farm, first anthropogenic footprint palynomorph taxa are estimated to around AD 830–881 (at 95.4% confidence level), most likely before the tephra fall out of AD 877 ± 1 (the Landnám tephra layer), demonstrating the use of arable fields before the first known structures were built at Hrísbrú (AD 874–951) and prior to the conventionally accepted date of the settlement of Iceland. Finally, we highlight the importance of considering multidisciplinary factors for other archaeological and paleoecological studies of early farming communities of previously uninhabited island areas.

名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム報告

Para o presente trabalho, três testemunhos foram amostrados nos manguezais João Cardoso (JC), Ipaneminha (IPA) e Perequê (PE), localizados na face norte da llha do Cardoso. Estudo interdisciplinar envonveldo descrições faciológica, análise granulométrica, datação 14C, análises isotópicas e elementares de C e N e palinologia foram realizados com o objetivo de descrever a evolução sedimentar e da vegetação, com inferâncias climáticas. Entre 250 a 166 cm, o testemunho JC é composto de areia média creme-acinzentada base gradando para areia muito-fina cinza, com idades de 33.000 (198cm) e 29.400 anos cal. A.P. (166cm), carbono orgânico total (COT) de 0,044 a 0,633%, nitrogênio total (NT) de 0,002 a 0,017%, C/N de 7 a 30, \'delta\'13C de -18,49 a -24,46%o e \'delta\'15N de 2,48 a 8,13%o), indicativos de matéria orgânica terrestre de plantas C3 e C4 e algas/fitoplâncton. A palinologia mostra predomínio de elementos arbóreos dos táxons Alchornea, Drymis, Ilex, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Podocarpus e Weinmannia (até 10%, cada) e esporos de Cyathea e Polypodiaceae (30%), característico de clima frio e úmido. De 166 a 70 cm a fácies apresenta areia média com estratificação cruzada plano-paralela marcada por areia/argila cinza escura, indicando ambiente praial de inframaré. Esta camada representa um hiato de ~27.000 anos cal. A.P. de sedimentação original, provavelmente erodidos durante transgresão Santos. Os testemunhos IPA e PE apresentam camada semelhante, iniciando na base (170 e 140cm, respectivamente), até aprox. 60 cm. A 163 cm no testemunho IPA foi obtida idade de ~2200 anos AP e ausência de palinomorfos. Sobre a camada da areia, nos três testemunhos, depositam-se sedimentos arenosos/argilosos bioturbados, com abundantes fragmentos/raízes vegetais e conchas. A partir de ~850 anos cal. A.P. (testemunho IPA - 50cm), a variação nos valores elementares e isotópicos de C e N indicam a substituição do predomínio de M.O. fitoplanctônica para M.O. de plantas C3, ainda com influência do fitoplâncton (COT: 0,15 a 12,8%; NT: 0,01 a 0,48%; \'delta\'13C: - 21,00 até - 29,00%o; \'delta\'15N: 8,00 a 3,40%o). A palinologia mostra um padrão semelhante nos três testemunhos. Os táxons Alchornea, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Hedyosmum, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Podocarpus, Sloanea, Weinmannia são os mais representativos entre os arbóreos (até 10%). Esporos de Cyathea e Polypodium e grãos de pólen de Poaceae e Cyperaceae correspondem a aprox. 30% da soma total, pouco variando. Estes valores indicam a presença das formações da Floresta Atlântica e da Restinga na região durante todo o período. O táxon Rhizophora sofre aumento neste período de 5 para até 22% nos dias atuais. Infere-se presença de manguezal na região e seu subsequente estabelecimento no local. Palinoforaminíferos e dinocistos são abundantes (até 15%) na base da camada, diminuindo em frequência para o topo (4%). Estes dados mostram uma progressiva diminuição na influência marinha, evoluindo de ambientes intermaré para ambiente de supramaré, devido à redução do nível marinho local durante o Holoceno tardio. Estes dados contribuem para o entendimento da evolução paleoambiental no litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo desde o Pleistoceno Tardio / For the present work, three cores where sampled on the \"João Cardoso (JC)\", \"Ipaneminha (IPA)\" and \"Perequê (PE)\" mangroves, located at the northern face of the Cardoso Island. A interdisciplinary study involving facies, radiocarbon dating, elementary and isotopic carbon and nitrogen, granulometric and palynological analysis were carried with the objective of describing the vegetation and sedimentary evolution, with climatic inferences. Between 250 and 166 cm, the JC core is primarily constituted by grayish medium sand progressing to very fine sand, with ages of ~33.000 (198cm) and ~29.450 (166) cal yr AP. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of 0,044% to 0,633%, Total Nitrogen (NT) of 0,001 to 0,017%, C/N ratios of 7 to 30, \'delta\'13C of -18,49 to -24,46%o and \'delta\'15N of 2,48 to 8,13%o indicates mixture of C3and C4 terrestrial plants and phytoplantonic sources. Palynology show predominance of the arboreal elements Alchornea, Drymis, Ilex, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Podocarpus e Weinmannia (up to 10% of total, each) , Cyathea and Polypodium spores (up to 20%), caracteristic of humid and cold climate. From 166 to 70 cm the facies show plane-paralell cross-bedded stratification marked by dark gray medium sand, indicating an inter-tidal environment. This layer represents a hiatus of ca. ~27.000 yr of original sedimentation, probably eroded on the Santos marine transgression. Cores IPA and PE presents similar facies at their bases (170 and 140 cm, respectively) up to near 60 cm. At 163 cm, the IPA core shows age of ~2.000 cal yr AP, and no palynomorphs. On top of this sandy facies are layers of sandy/silty/clayey bioturbated sediments, with an abundance of root, shells and plant debris. Since . ~850 cal yr AP, the isotopic and elementary values show a gradual substitution of the phytoplanctonic source of the sedimentary organic matter to a terrestrial C3 plant source on the three cores. Palynology also shows a similar pattern between the three records?, with Alchornea, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Hedyosmum, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Podocarpus, Sloanea, Weinmannia taxons the most well represented between the trees, with Cyathea e Polypodium, Poaceae e Cyperaceae with up to 30% of the total. These are characteristic of the Pluvial and sandbank forests. Rhizophora show an increase in this period from 5 to 22%, indicating the establishment and evolution of the mangrove vegetation on the area since ~850 cal yr AP. Palinoforaminifera and dinocyst show a diminishing pattern (from 15 to 4%) through this period, indicating a progressive decrease of the marine influence at the area, evolving an intertidal to a supratidal zone, following a decrease of local sea level during the late Holocene. This data contributes to a better understanding of the late Pleistocene environment evolution in the southeastern Brazilian coast

This thesis takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of ancient Egyptian ceramics by applying scientific dating techniques alongside more traditional methods. It is the first study to apply OSL dating to an Egyptian ceramic assemblage, and it has done so by developing the minimum extraction technique (MET), which has made it possible to use OSL to sample, and thus analyse, ceramics housed in museums. The MET is at present essential to the success of OSL dating of Egyptian ceramics, as the exportation ban on antiquities has prevented OSL analysis of field material. For this thesis, using this new sampling technique, OSL has been applied to several assemblages from the Predynastic to the Early Dynastic period. Ceramics from [ADD IN REVIEW ] have been examined, with three phases being established: late Naqada III, First Intermediate Period, and the mediaeval Islamic period. Absolute dates have been determined for each phase and, where comparison is possible, have been found in good agreement with the historical chronology. A set of vessels from Naqada, Ballas, and the Tomb of Djer at Abydos have been examined using OSL in conjunction with radiocarbon dating. Again, three phases of activity were discerned: late Naqada II, early Naqada III, and the first scientifically determined dates for a burning event in the Tomb of Djer (the New Kingdom). The thesis also demonstrates how OSL can be used as a relative dating technique by analysing a collection of Wavy-Handled ceramics and wine jars from Turah, finding that the OSL results agree well with the established relative chronology. Finally, this thesis has also examined the applicability of cladistic analysis to the study of Egyptian ceramics. Cladistics is a technique borrowed from the biological sciences which offers a complimentary way to examine the evolution of ceramic types and forms, in particular the development of beer and wine jars.