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Motivation is what drives us to reach our goals and desires in life. As of today, we are witnessing a global movement that consists of fitness and social media. Both embodiments tend to fuel each other, paving the way for new forms of motivation to rise and influence us daily. Within this research, these forms of motivation will be analyzed through a quantitative method and shed light upon what motivates us to join the global fitness movement. The main purpose is to find out if people’s motivation comes from within or is being driven by external factors. These two differences, through the chosen theory of Self-Determination are intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. They will determine whether people exercise out of inner or outer motivation. By the usage of an online survey, it was shown that most people tend to exercise out of intrinsic motivation. Thus, being beneficial toward their wellbeing and long-term motivation. However, the minority that unfortunately is driven by extrinsic motivation, could potentially harm their motivation and wellbeing. This concludes a mixed combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation but ultimately leans more towards inner motivation.

This qualitative research study investigates the perceptions of children, parents, and staff members at a Boston multi-service nonprofit for Haitian immigrants. It is an exploration of how children cultivate their identity, and how a center for immigrants functions in the current sociopolitical climate. There is an evidentiary lacuna of qualitative explorations on children of immigrants’ perceptions and health. The COVID-19 pandemic makes this issue even more temporally relevant, as new data suggests structural factors make marginalized groups, such as people of color and immigrants, more vulnerable to infection and death. This study will contribute to the body of work on children of immigrants’ health by 1) analyzing the unique child perspective, as opposed to focusing entirely on adults or using quantitative child measures, 2) employing qualitative data to create more robust depictions of lived experiences, 3) and situating data in the particular Haiti/U.S. historical, political relationship. This study’s methodology includes ethnographic participant observation during regular visits to a nonprofit organization for immigrants (Fanmi Nou) over the course of several months, semi-structured video interviews with children, parents, and staff members of this organization, and content analysis of documents produced by Fanmi Nou. Through different waves of migration to the United States, children of Haitian immigrants have lived bicultural lives. In the last four years, however, biculturalism and transnationality have come under growing assault. As a reactionary response to overt hostility, parents, staff members at Fanmi Nou, and children themselves, actively promote a Haitian identity in children. Living under an administration characterized by its hostility to immigrants, Haitian American children pick and choose which aspects of American life to welcome and which to reject. Through a multi-service nonprofit organization, these children and their families selectively engage with the U.S. political, educational, and social systems. I argue that these children and this organization strategically support the healthy development of self under these new restrictions.

Recent research suggests that democratising the workplace is an effective way of improving productivity and wellbeing. But few studies have focussed on how to democratise the workplace. This study aims to explore how organisations can democratise the workplace via employee reward strategy, and how this impacts productivity and wellbeing. I hypothesised that a ‘high road strategy’ to employee reward – maximising value rather than minimising cost – would be the most effective way of improving workplace productivity and wellbeing. I also hypothesised that reward strategies in the Nordic countries, which tend to resemble a high road strategy, would be more effective than reward strategies in the UK. I used quantitative analyses on the European Company Survey 2019 data set, exploring different components of a high road reward strategy as predictors of productivity and wellbeing. My results suggested that a high road strategy to employee reward does improve workplace productivity and wellbeing. The strategy consists of maximising employee representative influence (via frequent meetings with management) and reward system comprehensiveness (via emphasis on pay based on company performance); it does not require broad collective bargaining coverage. Nordic reward strategies were more effective than UK strategies: perhaps due to Nordic two-tier bargaining systems facilitating employee representative influence and an emphasis on pay based on company performance. Future research should explore other ways of maximising employee representative influence, as well as other components of a high road reward strategy.

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The Labrador Innu lived for millennia in the Quebec-Labrador Peninsula as nomadic hunters. Commencing in the 1950s, successive policies imposed on the Innu by federal and provincial governments brought significant disruptions to their traditional way of life. Today, the Labrador Innu are settled in the communities of Sheshatshiu and Natuashish in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. They have maintained their language and culture, anchored in their understanding of territory and their relationship with their ancestral land, and have increasingly asserted their self-determination, including in research. The Innu articulated a Healing Strategy in 2014 after extensive community consultations. The Strategy states that a contemporary return to culture would provide healing to individuals and communities. Healing is important due to the social suffering experienced through sudden forced settlement and schooling in a non-Innu system. These abrupt changes altered the social fabric that had sustained Innu society for millennia. As part of the Strategy, the Innu decided to undertake a study to articulate their concept of wellbeing (minuinniuin) and their process of healing. Wellbeing and healing are intrinsic concepts for Innu; however, these concepts need to be uncovered for health and service providers, and policy makers. Having lived in Labrador and worked for the Innu, I was invited to be part of this community-initiated research. The Grand Chief of the Innu Nation directed that the research involve Innu researchers and utilize Innu ways-of-knowing and knowledge as fully as possible. Innu knowledge, like all Indigenous knowledges, is specific to the place where Innu live and to their experiences. Indigenous concepts of health and wellbeing, connections to land, and cultural identity are wholistically connected and culture-specific. The main objective of this dissertation is to articulate the Labrador Innu understanding of wellbeing and their distinctive process of healing. This qualitative study involves interviews and focus groups with 39 participants older than 16 years of age. This is a dissertation by articles. It consists of a general introduction to Indigenous health inequities, a literature review, a description of the methods, and the results as three separate manuscripts. It concludes with a summary of findings and implications. The first manuscript focuses on the process of developing an Innu framework for health research involving a partnership between Innu and non-Innu researchers. An Innu community-based participatory research (CBPR) framework for health research is proposed where Innu knowledge is foundational to the study. The framework is based on the metaphor of Innu and non-Innu canoeing together in one canoe. Within the space that joins all researchers, Indigenous knowledges are uncovered. This CBPR framework is used in the following two manuscripts. The second manuscript describes the contemporary process of healing of the Labrador Innu. Healing practices have been developed to deal with the historical and contemporary effects of colonialism and Innu people consider them effective. Healing is grounded in self-determination, culture, and non-reliance on bio-medicine. Five stages of healing are described: being “under the blanket”; finding spiritual strength; extending hands out; finding strength and power; and helping others. The findings highlighted the enablement of healing through spiritualities, support from Elders, return to culture, and resistance to negative stereotypes. The third manuscript aims to understand Innu views of wellbeing, and the influence of the land on health and wellbeing. Findings highlight that the experience of being on the land with family and community, learning cultural knowledge, and enacting Innu identity play a major role in enhancing wellbeing. For the Innu, the land sustains wellbeing by emplacing knowledge systems and cultural identity. The work presented in this dissertation contributes to the literature on Labrador Innu population health by highlighting that access to and experience of land build up health and wellbeing by providing and facilitating togetherness, fostering a relationship to all living beings, and enacting culture and a positive Innu identity. The findings add new knowledge to Indigenous health studies literature, particularly Innu health studies – holding promise for reducing health inequities. Implications for research, practice, and policy are also addressed.

INTRODUKTION: Människor har länge varit intresserade av naturen och dess påverkan på mänskligheten. Ur ett historiskt perspektiv har naturen och omgivningens relevans spelat en viktig roll inom sjukvårdsyrket. Genom Florence Nightingales synsätt och metodiska arbete fastställdes sambandet mellan vårdmiljön och patienternas hälsa. Samtida forskning och den teoretiska referensramen Attention Restoration Theory (ART) visar både på fysiologiska och psykologiska fördelar när människor vistas i naturområden i jämförelse med stadsmiljöer. Med denna bakgrund är det ytterst viktigt för sjuksköterskor och andra hälsovårdspersonal att vara medvetna om utevistelsens betydelse för personer som bor på vård- och omsorgsboenden. SYFTE: Syftet var att beskriva betydelsen av utevistelse för personer som bor på vård- och omsorgsboenden. METOD: Studiens design är en beskrivande litteraturöversikt vars resultat baserades på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. RESULTAT: I allmänhet förknippades utevistelse med positiva fördelar enligt de boende. De värderade utevistelse högt och att vistas utomhus genererade känslor av glädje, harmoni, frihet och välbefinnande. När de inte hade möjlighet till utevistelse kunde de uppleva känslor av besvikelse och minskat välbefinnande. De främsta motiveringarna till utevistelse var att få frisk luft, solljus, njuta av grönskan och uppleva samhörighet med andra människor. De boendes orientering till tid och rum blev bättre när de kunde se förändringar i naturens olika årstider under hela året. Resultatet visar att en strukturerad och väl genomtänkt trädgård med riklig grönska förbättrade de boendes humör samt stärkte deras känsla av frihet, oavsett begränsningar i den fysiska förmågan. Trädgårdarna var inte alltid utformade och anpassade till de boendes behov. För många hinder till utevistelse kunde leda till att de boende valde att stanna inomhus, trots att de egentligen ville och behövde besöka trädgården. SLUTSATS: Om sjuksköterskor och annan hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal inkluderade en tillfredsställande utomhusmiljö och regelbundna utevistelser i omvårdnadsperspektivet, bidrog det med förbättrad livskvalitet och återhämtning samt stärkte de boendes känsla av harmoni. Det fanns dock ett behov av mer frekventa utevistelser och mer fri tillgänglighet till trädgården för de boende. Författarna vill därmed bidra med inspiration till vidare forskning att utöka evidensen om vilken betydelse utevistelse har för personer som bor på vård- och omsorgsboenden. / INTRODUCTION: Humans have long been interested in nature and its impact on humanity. From a historical perspective, the nature and the relevance of the environment has played an important role within the healthcare profession. Through Florence Nightingales approach and methodological work, the link between the nursing environment and the patients’ health was established. Contemporary research and the Attention Restoration Theory (ART) shows both physiological and psychological benefits when humans integrate with natural areas compared to urban environments. With this background, it is utmost important for nurses and other healthcare professionals to be conscious of the value of nature and its meaning for people who live in residential facilities. AIM: The aim of this literature study was to describe the value of outdoors visits and its meaning/importance for people who live in residential facilities. METHOD: The design of this study is a descriptive literature review and includes 12 scientific articles in the results. RESULTS: In general, the value of outdoor visits was associated with positive benefits. The residents valued outdoor visits highly and that outdoor stays generated feelings of joy, harmony, freedom and wellbeing. In contrast, when they did not have the opportunity to visit the garden, they experienced feelings of disappointment and reduced wellbeing. The main reasons for outdoor visits were to get fresh air, sunlight, enjoy the vegetation and experience togetherness. The orientation to time and space became better when the residents could see changes in nature's different seasons throughout the year. It was shown that a structured and well thought out garden with abundant vegetation improved the resident’s mood as well as strengthened their sense of freedom, regardless of any restrictions on their physical ability. Unfortunately, the gardens were not always designed and adapted to the needs of the residents. Too many barriers regarding outdoor visits could cause that the residents may choose to stay indoors although they wished to and needed to visit the garden. CONCLUSION: If nurses and other healthcare professionals includes a satisfying outdoor environment and outdoor visits on a regular basis in the perspective of caring, it contributes resident’s quality of life, recovery and stimulates their sense of harmony. However, there is a need for more frequently outdoor visits and more freely accessibility to the garden for the residents. Therefore, the authors of the present literature study hope to inspire future research to increase the evidence of natures impact on and value for people living in resident facilities.

Rugby Union is a popular sport both internationally and nationally. The sport has seen a rise in high-intensity activity and is more physically demanding on players since turning professional in 1995. Over the past decade, professional rugby players have made frequent appearances in the media due to lapses in psychological, physical, and social wellbeing, suggesting professional rugby players may experience compromised health. Research has largely ignored rugby players' health when health is defined beyond injury. The present study aimed to provide insight into the health of professional rugby players by investigating two components of health, namely psychological and physical wellbeing and the relationship between these facets. Two hundred and thirty-eight (238) professional male rugby union players, situated at the Investec Rugby Academy participated in the study. Psychological wellbeing (PW) was measured by the State Trait Personality Inventory (form Y) (STPI-Y) and the Sport Competitive Anxiety Test (adult form) (SCAT-A). Physical wellbeing was defined as health-related physical fitness (HRPF). HRPF was assessed by measurements of the rugby players' body composition, physical fitness, and heart health. Pearson's correlation co-efficient was calculated between the variables used to measure HRPF and PW. The results showed the rugby players experience average levels of competitive anxiety, above average levels of anger, anxiety, and depression and a relatively high level of curiosity. The rugby players had a high level of HRPF, with the exception of body composition (particularly BMI), cardiovascular endurance, muscle strength and endurance, and heart health (when measured according to the CSI), which indicate a moderate risk to the players' health. Furthermore, the results show significant correlations between variables of HRPF and PW in the rugby players. The findings that indicate professional rugby players do not experience optimal PW and HRPF, as well as the significant correlations found between the variables of the rugby players PW and HRPF, suggest these players may be in a state of overtraining or experiencing overtraining syndrome. / Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Psychology / MA / Unrestricted

This study sought to find out if there is a correlation between the wellbeing and work performance of Christian managers and support from their families. Based on Don Browning’s revised correlation approach to practical theology, the study employed a mixed methods research design (quantitative and qualitative). This study involved an empirical study with thirty-two (32) Christian managers in Ohangwena Region, Namibia. The participants in the empirical study either completed a questionnaire or participated in an interview. Additionally, six biblical leaders and other key scriptures were selected to draw theological principles related to Christian managers’ wellbeing and work performance in relation to family support. The results revealed that Christian managers’ experiences at work, at home and at church affect their physical, emotional, psychological, social and spiritual wellbeing; wellbeing affects the work performance of Christian managers, family support plays a significant role in the wellbeing and work performance of Christian managers; most Christian managers do receive support from their families, but families can do much more; Christian managers have a role to play in gaining support from their families; the church has a part to play in enhancing family support to address the wellbeing needs and work performance of Christian managers. Based on the findings, the study culminated in the designing of a model to enhance the wellbeing and work performance of Christian managers, which can be used by Christian managers, Christian managers’ families and Christian practitioners such as pastors and counsellors. Osmer’s four tasks of practical theology were found to be especially useful for pastoral intervention. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / University of Pretoria / Practical Theology / PhD / Unrestricted

Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019 / The challenges faced by members of underserved communities in South Africa have frequently been reported in literature. To ameliorate these challenges, different interventions have been introduced both locally and internationally to improve the wellbeing of the members of these communities. One such intervention is the introduction of information and communication technology ICT as a means to close the digital divide and meeting the socio-economic needs of the community. Youth living in these communities are expected to derive more benefit from ICT interventions as they have been reported to be more technology savvy and dependent on technology than the older adults are. However, the failures of ICT interventions deployed by donors have also been reported in literature. Authors have identified several reasons for the failure of ICT interventions, but a lack of consultation with the beneficiaries of this type of intervention is common to many findings. The exclusion of the youth as major beneficiaries of ICT interventions causes a lack of alignment between the interventions deployed for their use and the actual wellbeing needs of the youth in underserved communities. The failure of ICT interventions increases the digital divide and frustrates the good intentions of local and national government as well as international donors to improve the wellbeing of the youth in underserved communities. By using the concept of wellbeing, the study aimed to explore how youth wellbeing indicators can be used to facilitate effective ICT interventions for youth empowerment and development in underserved communities in South Africa. Furthermore, the study aimed todesign an ICT-based artefact to prioritise youth wellbeing indicators in underserved communities in South Africa. The study was implemented through a qualitative research method using a service design strategy that allowed for a participatory research approach and co-design instrument for data collection from the youth living in Grabouw anunderserved community in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Data was collected from 40 youth aged between 15 and 30 at two workshops. Content analysis technique was used to analyse data. Findings from the research show that given the opportunity, the youth are able to determine their social-economic needs. A comprehensive set of wellbeing indicators was developed. Thirteen wellbeing indicators symbolising the issues in the community were prioritised, which are:unemployment, self-image, reaching full potential, family support,access to water, sanitation and electricity,meaning and purpose of life,being healthy,religious practice,educational level,future expectations,freedom of expression,skills to get a job, and access to skills and training. Overall, nine categories of wellbeing indicators were identified; of these, seven are similar to theGlobal Youth Wellbeing Index(GYWI) categories. Three new categories – aspiration, social support, and infrastructure and services – were realised. The three factors are an indication that the Grabouw youth may have special needs different from the global perspective as specified by the GYWI categories. Moreover, the priorities of the wellbeing indicators when compared to the GYWI rating for South Africa differ significantly, which may indicate that the needs of the youth living in underserved communities may vary largelyfrom other youth in the country. Furthermore, an artefact that can be used to prioritise wellbeing indicators was designed. It is important for stakeholders of ICT interventions to embrace participation of the beneficiaries as a means of aligning interventions to their needs. These stakeholders need to seek ways of developing artefacts that address the needs, not limited to health, so that the youth can take advantage of technology to improve their wellbeing on a continuous basis.