Filler words and expressions in Portuguese (Abstract) The aim of this study is to describe the morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects of the filler words and expressions (discourse markers) in Portuguese. For that purpose, a corpus of more than 3000 occurences of these expressions was assembled. It is composed of Portuguese and Brazilian mostly spoken texts belonging to different genres. The approach taken in this work is based on textual-interactive grammar, whose vision of the text is based on the social-communicative perspective, i.e. it takes not only the cognitive- informational part of the utterances, but also their interactional part in consideration. This study describes Portuguese as one language. The differences between the Brazilian and the European variety are taken in consideration only when it is necessary to treat them separately. This work can be divided into two parts. History of the filler expressions, different approaches to this issue, processes of grammaticalization and pragmaticalization and prototypical conception of the class of discourse markers (whose brief characterization as well) are discussed in the first part. A more detailed analysis of the morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects of the discourse markers are discussed in the second part. The...

In this dissertation, we provide combinatorial methods to obtain the probabilistic mul-tivariate generating function that counts the occurrences of patterns in a text generated by a Markovian source. The generating function can then be expanded into the Taylor series in which the power of a term gives the size of a text and the coeÿcient provides the proba-bilities of all possible pattern occurrences with the text size. The analysis is on the basis of the inclusion-exclusion principle to pattern counting (Goulden and Jackson, 1979 and 1983) and its application that Bassino et al. (2012) used for obtaining the generating function in the context of the Bernoulli text source. We followed the notations and concepts created by Bassino et al. in the discussion of distinguished patterns and non-reduced pattern sets, with modifications to the Markovian dependence. Our result is derived in the form of a linear matrix equation in which the number of linear equations depends on the size of the alphabet. In addition, we compute the moments of pattern occurrences and discuss the impact of a Markovian text to the moments comparing to the Bernoulli case. The methodology that we use involves the inclusion-exclusion principle, stochastic recurrences, and combinatorics on words including probabilistic multivariate generating functions and moment generating functions.<br>

Topic modeling is an effective tool for analyzing the thematic content of large collections of text. However, traditional probabilistic topic modeling is limited to a small number of topics (typically no more than hundreds). We introduce fine-grained topic models, which have large numbers of nuanced and specific topics. We demonstrate that fine-grained topic models enable use cases not currently possible with current topic modeling techniques, including an automatic cross-referencing task in which short passages of text are linked to other topically related passages. We do so by leveraging anchor methods, a recent class of topic model based on non-negative matrix factorization in which each topic is anchored by a single word. We explore extensions of the anchor algorithm, including tandem anchors, which relaxes the restriction that anchors be formed of single words. By doing so, we are able to produce anchor-based topic models with thousands of fine-grained topics. We also develop metrics for evaluating token level topic assignments and use those metrics to improve the accuracy of fine-grained topic models.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / According to the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), the city of Lima has more than 9,485,405 inhabitants. This causes problems of pedestrian crowding in public places. The Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system called Metropolitano transports 650,000 passengers a day, of which 81,800 of them use the boarding platform of the Naranjal station located in one of the most populated districts of Lima. In this station are concentrated 12.6% users of the entire transportation system. This research proposes a pedestrian microsimulation model with the objective of optimizing the pedestrian area of one of the most demanded platforms in Lima, considering the security protocols established by the Covid-19 Pandemic. To obtain results, the parameters of pedestrian density, bus frequency and queuing time were considered. The effectiveness of the proposed design is validated using a model made with the software Vissim. The results showed that the maximum number of pedestrians that can occupy the Naranjal station following the Covid-19 security protocols are 4166 persons, considering a 180 second bus frequency on lines with the highest demand and a maximum queuing time of 764.51 seconds.

A superpattern is a string of characters of length n over [k]={1, 2, …, k} that contains as a subsequence, and in a sense that depends on the context, all the smaller strings of length k in a certain class. We prove structural and probabilistic results on superpatterns for preferential arrangements, including (i) a theorem that demonstrates that a string is a superpattern for all preferential arrangements if and only if it is a superpattern for all permutations; and (ii) a result that is reminiscent of a still unresolved conjecture of Alon on the smallest permutation on [n] that contains all k-permutations with high probability.

© 2016 IEEE. This demo paper describes the architecture and communication protocols - both single hop and multi-hop - for DSRC devices. The paper also describes an Android application that enables visualization of real-time vehicle movements on Google map using DSRC and Bluetooth communication. The application receives information about position, speed and direction of mobility that multiple vehicles obtain through the GPS Receiver attached to their DSRC OBU. The android application communicates with one of the DSRC units through Bluetooth to gather real-time traces collected from all DSRC-equipped vehicles. The application displays live movement of these vehicles on Google map with their path history, speed and direction. The source code and installation files of this application will be released through the Open Source Application Development Portal (OSADP) hosted by the U.S. Department of Transportation.

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Cette étude porte sur la traduction de substantifs composés en japonais et en anglais vers le français. Ces deux langues-là permettent de produire des compositions enchaînées des types « NN », « NNN » etc. alors que cette forme de composition est beaucoup moins productive en français où l’on préfère souvent utiliser une préposition pour lier plusieurs substantifs. Dans la traduction de titres de brevets, souvent consistant entièrement en substantifs composés en japonais et en anglais, comment les traducteurs francophones s’attaquent-ils au problème de cette différence entre la langue source et la langue cible ? Les recherches antérieures ont produit des classifications diverses, parfois interlingues, pour l’analyse de substantifs composés. À partir d’un corpus composé de plus d’une centaine de titres de brevets comprenant plusieurs centaines de substantifs composés traduits par des traducteurs professionnels, ces classifications sont utilisées pour analyser les stratégies auxquelles recourent les traducteurs dans ce contexte très limité. Les résultats montrent entre autres une préférence marquée pour les compositions du type « N de N » en français et mettent au jour l’existence de certaines traductions très bien établies voire figées. / This study addresses the translation of compound nouns from Japanese and English into French. The former two languages allow for the production of concatenated compositions of the types "NN", "NNN" etc. whereas this form of composition is much less productive in French, which often prefers to use a preposition to link multiple nouns. In the translation of patent titles, often consisting entirely of compound nouns in Japanese and English, how do French-speaking translators tackle the problem of this difference between the source language and the target language? Previous research has produced various, sometimes interlingual, classifications for the analysis of compound nouns. From a corpus of more than a hundred patent titles comprising several hundred compound nouns translated by professional translators, these classifications are used to analyze the strategies used by translators in this very constrained context. The results show, among other things, a marked preference for compositions of the "N de N" type in French and reveal the existence of certain very well established or even fixed translations.

Most deconstructive and Marxist cultural theories are at odds with one another because they are concerned with two very different subjects or entities: words and the world. In what follows I will try to show that these two potent theories are fundamentally at odds with each other because they reside on opposite sides of some formative binary oppositions, such as abstract/ concrete, ide81/material, sensible/intelligible, physical/spiritual, and signifier/signified. Of course each of these oppositions is a metaphor; as such the relationship between Marxism and deconstruction must therefore proceed from and always refer back to this metaphorical condition. It is in my political interest to incorporate within this figurative type of atavism the concepts of economy, exchange, labour, power, property, and ideology, the very concepts in which we find not the opposition between Marxism and deconstruction but their relative sameness. Since Jacques Derrida is often referred to as the foremost deconstructive theorist, and since so much of his work is concerned with the theory of language (and metaphor), I will attempt to deliver my co-articulation of Marxism and deconstruction to a political and (I hesitate only minimally to use the term) post-Marxist reading of his White Mythology: Metaphor in the Text of Philosophy. I am of the opinion that Derrida's works lend themselves superbly to politically motivated readings, and I also think that in undertaking such a reading I am opposing a dangerous mainstream approach to deconstruction, one which is virtually devoid of any political, cultural, or social interest or reference. My thesis is thus an attempt to read politically or economic:ally a theory of metaphor which is far more explicitly economic and political than academic consensus allows. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

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