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Aspectos psicossociais em portadores de talassemia na transição para a vida adulta: um estudo de seguimento / Psychosocial Aspects in patients with thalassemia in the transition to adult life: a follow-up studyVeronika de Britto Slavec 30 July 2008 (has links)
As talassemias são distúrbios genéticos caracterizados pela supressão total ou parcial da produção de hemoglobina. É reconhecido que a talassemia tem importantes implicações psicológicas e sociais e que o modo como o paciente e a família lidam com a doença pode ter efeito crítico na sobrevida do portador. O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar as condições psicossociais e a qualidade de vida de jovens portadores de talassemia em dois momentos da vida: adolescência (entre 15 e 21 anos) e início da vida adulta (entre 22 e 28 anos). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, do tipo estudo prospectivo, descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, realizada em um centro de hemoterapia de um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo. A amostra foi composta por 10 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 22 e 28 anos, portadores de talassemia major. Foram aplicados nas duas fases da pesquisa os seguintes instrumentos: Entrevista Semi-estruturada, Escala de Qualidade de Vida - Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), Escala Multidimensional de Locus de Controle de Levenson, Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (HAD) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). As análises dos resultados objetivos obedeceram a critérios definidos pelos instrumentos analíticos. A análise das entrevistas pautou-se na caracterização temática do conteúdo dos discursos. Os resultados indicaram que, no primeiro momento da avaliação, o aspecto da qualidade de vida que se mostrou mais preservado foi o Social e o mais prejudicado, o Físico. Já no segundo momento, manteve-se como aspecto mais preservado o Social e o mais prejudicado passou a ser o Emocional. Nos dois momentos avaliados todos os participantes apresentavam sintomas de estresse; na primeira etapa, metade deles encontrava-se na fase de resistência e, na segunda etapa, seis estavam nessa fase em que o organismo tenta adaptar-se ao evento estressor, predominando a sensação de desgaste. A atribuição de causalidade predominante na primeira etapa era voltada à Externalidade-Acaso, que no segundo momento alcançou a totalidade da amostra. Na primeira etapa a HAD permitiu identificar um participante com quadro subclínico de depressão e três com quadro subclínico de ansiedade, sendo que nove apresentavam sintomas depressivos e todos mostravam manifestações de ansiedade; no segundo momento dois participantes apresentaram quadro subclínico de ansiedade e um de depressão, sendo que dois não manifestaram sintomas depressivos. No primeiro momento, o BDI mostrou que, apesar de todos apresentarem sintomas depressivos, não havia quadro de depressão instalado; já no segundo momento, o instrumento mostrou um participante com quadro de depressão instalado e os demais com sintomas depressivos. Os resultados das entrevistas complementaram os instrumentos analíticos. A análise comparativa dos resultados nos dois momentos da avaliação sugere prejuízo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes na transição para a vida adulta, bem como aumento relevante de sintomas psíquicos em alguns, justificando a necessidade de incluir o acompanhamento psicológico sistemático aos portadores de talassemia. / Thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by total or partial suppression of hemoglobin production. Its important psychological and social implications are acknowledged, and the how patient and family deal with the disease can have a critical effect on the patient\'s life. This study aims to identify the psychosocial conditions and quality of life of young patients with thalassemia in two moments of life: adolescence (between 15 and 21 years) and beginning of adult life (between 22 and 28 years). It is a field research, prospective, descriptive and exploratory study with quantitative, qualitative approach, carried out in a hemotherapy center in a city in the interior of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Sample composed of 10 patients, both genders, aged between 22 and 28 years, with thalassemia major. The following instruments were applied in the two phases: Semi-structured interview, Quality of Life Scale - Medical Outcomes Short- Form Health Survey (SF-36), Lipp\'s Inventory of Stress Symptoms in Adults, Levenson\'s Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale, Hospital Anxiety and depression (HAD) scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Analysis of the objective results complied to criteria defined by analytical instruments. The interviews analysis was based on the thematic characterization of the reports content. The results indicate that in the first moment of evaluation, the quality of life social aspect was the one most preserved whereas the physical aspect was the most harmed. In the second moment, the social aspect was kept as the most preserved, whereas the Emotional one became the most harmed. All patients presented stress symptoms in the two moments evaluated. In the first stage, half of them were in the resistance phase and in the second stage, six of them were in this phase when the organism try to adapt to the stressor event, predominating a feeling of exhaustion. Attribution of causality in the first stage was predominantly externality-chance, which reached the whole sample in the second moment. In the first stage, HAD allowed to identify one participant with subclinical depression and three with subclinical anxiety, whereas nine presented depressive symptoms and all of them had anxiety manifestations. In the second moment, two participants presented subclinical anxiety and one subclinical depression, whereas two did not manifest depressive symptoms. In the first moment, BDI showed that despite all participants had presented depressive symptoms, there was no depression installed, whereas in the second moment, the instrument revealed there was one participant with depression while the remaining presented depressive symptoms. The interviews results complemented the analytical instruments. The comparative analysis of results in the two moments of evaluation suggests decreased quality of life in the transition to the adult life, as well as relevant increase of psychic symptoms in some of them, justifying the need of including systematic psychological follow-up to patients with thalassemia.
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Hemaglobinopathy and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Historical Cohort StudyLiu, Song January 2012 (has links)
Pregnancy in women with hemoglobinopathy has been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a historical cohort study using Discharge Abstract Database for the fiscal year 1991-1992 through 2007-2008. We estimated the frequency of pregnant women with hemoglobinopathy and examined their associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with sickle cell disease are more likely to develop pre-eclampsia and preterm labor, and to undergo cesarean delivery than women with nutritional deficiency anemia, suggesting that there are other mechanisms beyond anemia that may be responsible for an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data suggested a synergistic effect of hemoglobinopathy and pre-eclampsia on preterm labor and cesarean delivery. Prediction models for pre-eclampsia, preterm labor and cesarean delivery were created and internally validated for women with hemoglobinopathy, with satisfactory discrimination and calibration.
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Prevalência de hipertensão pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes com hemoglobinopatias / Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in children and adolescents with hemoglobinopathiesFerreira, Clarissa Barros January 2014 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: As Hemoglobinopatias podem ser divididas em Talassemias e Doença Falciforme (DF), mas do ponto de vista clínico, ambas apresentam um quadro de anemia hemolítica crônica, o que acarreta uma série de complicações, entre estas a Hipertensão Pulmonar (HP). Estima-se que cerca de 20-40% da população com DF/talassemia apresente HP, sendo que este diagnóstico está associado a uma elevada morbi-mortalidade. Poucos estudos avaliaram esta prevalência em crianças. O Objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência desta complicação na população pediátrica, e associá-la com características clínicas e laboratoriais. MÉTODOS: Estudo de Corte Transversal, com avaliação de 45 pacientes com diagnóstico de DF ou Talassemia maior/ intermédia entre 3-18 anos, atendidos de forma consecutiva no ambulatório de Hemoglobinopatias do HCPA. Os pacientes foram submetidos a um ecocardiograma para estimativa da pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar, sendo que foi considerado como tendo risco de HP os pacientes com velocidade de regurgitação tricúspide (VRT) ≥ 2,5m/s. Foram obtidos dados clínicos e laboratoriais para avaliação dos parâmetros hemolíticos, função hepática e renal por levantamento de prontuário e comparados os grupos. RESULTADOS: 15% (6/40) dos pacientes apresentaram VRT ≥ 2,5m/s, sugestivo de HP, sendo que destes pacientes todos tinham diagnóstico de Anemia Falciforme (AF). Considerando apenas esta população, a prevalência de HP aumenta para 20% (6/30). A população com VRT ≥ 2,5m/s apresentou média de idade mais elevada, Hb mais baixa, RDW mais alargado, reticulócitos e LDH mais elevado que o grupo com VRT < 2,5m/s. A principal intercorrência clínica nesta população foi a ocorrência de priapismo (p< 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com Hemoglobinopatias estão em risco aumentado para desenvolvimento de HP desde a infância, principalmente aqueles com AF. Estes pacientes apresentam os parâmetros laboratoriais sugestivos de hemólise alterados, assim como outros sintomas associados ao quadro hemolítico como o priapismo quando comparados com pacientes com VRT normal. Desta forma sugere-se a realização de triagem com ecocardiograma nesta população de forma precoce. / INTRODUCTION: The Hemoglobinopathies can be divided in Thalassemias and Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), but clinically both present with chronic hemolytic anemia, which leads to various complications, one of them being Pulmonary Hypertension (PH). About 20-40% of patients with SCD have PH, and this diagnosis is associated with a high risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of this complication in the pediatric population, and associate clinical and laboratory characteristics. METHODS: A cross sectional descriptive study, with the evaluation of 45 patients with diagnosis of SCD or thalassemia major/intermedia between 3-18 years, which received treatment at the Hemoglobinopathies ambulatory at HCPA. The patients were submitted to an echocardiogram to estimate the pulmonary artery systolic pressure, being considered to have PH patients with a tricuspid regurgitate jet velocity (TRV) ≥ 2.5m/s. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained to evaluate hemolytic parameters, renal and liver function and compared between groups. RESULTS: 15% (6/40) of patients had a TRV ≥ 2.5m/s, suggestive of PH, of which all had Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA). Considering this group of patients alone the prevalence would be of 20% (6/30). Patients with TRV ≥ 2.5m/s had a higher median age, lower hemoglobin count, higher RDW, reticulocyte and DHL then patients with a TRV < 2.5m/s. The major clinical feature was the occurrence of priapism (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies are at higher risk of developing PH since early childhood, especially those with SCA. These patients showed a higher level of hemolytic parameters, as well as symptoms associated with hemolysis, like priapism, when compared with patients with a normal TRV. Therefore, it would be indicated to submit these patients to an echocardiogram routinely in their early years.
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Fatores geneticos moduladores da gravidade clinica nas Beta-talassemias : o exemplo da proteina AHSP (Alpha Hemoglobin Stabilizing Protein)Santos, Camila Oresco dos 27 October 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Fernando Ferreira Costa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T17:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: AHSP é uma proteína eritróide específica que apresenta afinidade de ligação com a-globinas, estabilizando essas moléculas e dessa forma, evitando a precipitação nos precursores eritróides e bloqueando danos celulares causados pela oxidação de cadeias globínicas. Camundongos portadores de P-talassemia com deleção do gene AHSP apresentaram maior precipitação de cadeias a-globinas nas hemácias e níveis acentuados de anemia. Estudos in vitro utilizando proteína recombinante demonstraram menor geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio quando a-globinas encontram-se estabilizadas pela AHSP. Com o objetivo de analisar a importância da proteína AHSP como modulador de gravidade
clínica nas síndromes P-talassêmicas o gene AHSP foi analisado em amostras de DNA de pacientes com P-talassemia, atendidos pelo Hemocentro da Unicamp, e em amostras controles durante minha tese de mestrado. Durante estes estudos, três características do gene AHSP foram detectadas. Estas características do gene AHSP foram investigadas durante o desenvolvimento deste presente trabalho. Primeiro, um polimorfismo localizado no posição 12888 no gene AHSP, que leva a substituição de uma Asparagina na posição 75 por uma Isoleucina (N75I), foi identificado em uma paciente heterozigota para P-talassemia (Pj9/pA) com anemia grave e em processos transfusionais freqüentes. Outras duas famílias apresentaram o polimorfismo N75I. Entretanto, nestes casos a presença do polimorfismo no gene AHSP não se correlaciona claramente com a gravidade clínica. O sequênciamento de amostras de indivíduos controles de várias partes do mundo sugerirão uma baixa freqüência deste polimorfismo na população analisada. Estudos de indivíduos saudáveis positivos para o polimorfismo N75I demonstraram precipitação e oxidação de cadeias globínicas nas hemácias. Análises funcionais com proteína recombinante sugerem que a proteína AHSP N75I apresenta características de ligação com a-globínas normais, mas é menos eficiente em evitar geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio por estas cadeias globínicas. Estes efeitos, quando em conjunto com ?-talassemia poderiam resultar em anemia mais grave, demonstrando a proteína AHSP N75I como um modificador genético nas síndromes talassêmicas. Segundo, através de análises computacionais, nós identificamos uma estrutura secundária na região 3'-UTR do RNA mensageiro do gene AHSP. semelhante a um elemento responsivo a ferro (IRE), presente em todas as espécies que apresentam o gene AHSP. Várias evidências demonstraram que, mesmo não apresentando as características principais para a caracterização de um IRE, esta estrutura secundária do gene AHSP é reconhecido pelas proteínas reconhecedoras de IREs (IRPs) regulando a estabilidade da molécula de RNA mensageiro em resposta aos níveis de ferro: 1) Recuperação do RNA mensageiro do gene AHSP através da imunoprecipitacão das proteínas IRP1 e IRP2: 2) Níveis elevados de ferro desestabilizam o RNA mensageiro do gene AHSP: mutações neste IRE levam à desestabilização constitutiva do RNA mensageiro; 3) Níveis elevados de ferro
desestabilizam o RNA mensageiro do gene AHSP em camundongos que apresentam excesso de ferro. Estes dados contribuem para o melhor entendimento de como IRE atípicos podem ainda ser funcionais e sugerem um mecanismo que poderia regular a estabilidade de cadeias globínicas de acordo com os níveis de ferro. Além disso, sugerem que o excesso de ferro, que ocorre em pacientes com (3-talassemia. podem ser determinante na gravidade da doença por, provavelmente, aumentar os níveis de a-globinas livres e precipitando nos precursores eritróides. E, em terceiro, através de busca de sítios de ligação de fatores de transcrição no gene AHSP, nós encontramos um elemento MARE localizado no final do segundo éxon. Estudos de imunoprecipitaçâo de cromatina demonstraram ligação dos fatores de transcrição Nrf2, Bachl e Maf ao elemento MARE do gene AHSP e regiões controle. Concluindo, estes resultados demonstraram pela primeira vez um polimorfismo no gene AHSP que produz uma proteína não completamente funcional que pode estar relacionada com gravidade à p-talassemia e, além disso, descrevem dois mecanismos inéditos da regulação da expressão do gene AHSP que podem ser importantes na regulação deste gene em outras doenças hematológicas e durante a eritropoiese / Abstract: Alpha-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) is an erythroid-specific molecular chaperone that binds the cx-chains of hemoglobin, preventing their precipitation and deleterious effects. Loss of AHSP exacerbates a-globin precipitation and anemia in a murine model for p-thalassemia. In vitro, recombinant AHSP inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a-globin. To further define the role of AHSP as a modifier of P- thalassemia, we analyzed AHSP sequence for mutations in a large population of (3- thalassemic and control subjects. From this genomic screening three interesting features of the AHSP gene were found. First, a single nucleotide change that converts asparagine 75 to leucine (N75I) was identified in a patient who was heterozygous for P-thalassemia (p39/(3A). She presented with an unusually severe anemia that required regular blood transfusion. Another two families were positive detected for the SNP N75I. but the presence of other known genetic modifiers for thalassemia in these families made hard to correlate clinical severity with AHSP. Of the unrelated control subjects tested just one (0.35%) contained the SNP N75I. Analysis of red blood cells from this subject revealed normal hemoglobin indices but a small number of Heinz bodies, suggesting a non-fully functional AHSP. Analysis of the biochemical properties of the recombinant mutant protein showed that the binding affinity of AHSP N75I for a- hemoglobin is normal. Importantly, compared to wild type AHSP, the N75I mutant protein exhibited significantly reduced capacity to inhibit ROS production by a-hemoglobin. Hence, AHSP N75I may be less effective at conferring
protection from oxidative-mediated damage by free a-hemoglobin in erythrocytes. These effects, when coupled with P-thalassemia, could result in more severe anemia, implicating AHSP N75I as a potential genetic modifier. Second, by computational algorithms, we identified IRE-like stem-loop structures in AHSP mRNA of multiple species, yet the primary sequences deviate significantly from canonical IRE consensus sequences determined by studies of classical IREs, such as Transferring receptor and Ferritin. Several lines of evidence now show that the AHSP IRE binds IRPs to regulate mRNA stability in an iron-dependent fashion: 1) AHSP mRNA co-immunoprecipitates with IRPs. 2) AHSP mRNA is destabilized by iron in both erythroid and heterologous cells; disruption of the IRE renders the mRNA constitutively unstable. To study how iron regulates AHSP expression in vivo, we treated mice with iron dextran for 10 days and then examined AHSP mRNA in Terll9+ erythroid progenitors by RT-PCR. We found that short-term iron overload reduced AHSP mRNA levels. Our findings indicate that AHSP mRNA stability is regulated by iron via an atypical 3'-UTR IRE. These findings extend the potential repertoire for functional IREs that do not conform as the previously defined canonical consensus sequences. In addition, they provide a potential mechanism by which erythroid cells can regulate globin stability according to iron status. As such, iron overload, which occurs in patients with p thalassemia, might aggravate the disease by further elevating the levels of toxic free a globin. And third, by computation analysis of transcriptional sites, we found a potential MARE element located at the end of the second exon. Experiments of chromatin
imunoprecipitation assay determined the binding of the transcript factor Nrf2, Bachl and Maf to the MARE element of AHSP gene, as well to the positive controls. Overall, these results demonstrated for the first time a polymorphism on AHSP gene that produce a non fully functional protein that might be correlated with severity in p-thalassemia and two new mechanisms that control the AHSP gene expression with potential implications in another hematological diseases besides thalassemias and closely connecting AHSP with erythropoiesis / Doutorado / Biologia Estrutural, Celular, Molecular e do Desenvolvimento / Doutor em Fisiopatologia Medica
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Beta thalassemia: pathogenesis, progression, and treatmentKitiashvili, Michael 10 March 2023 (has links)
β-thalassemia is an autosomal recessive blood disease caused by mutations in β-globin genes that either reduce or altogether abolish β-globin chain synthesis. Normally, two β-globin chains would combine with two α-globin chains and a heme group to form hemoglobin. Because α-globin chain synthesis is unaffected in β-thalassemia patients, the unpaired α-globin chains accumulate and precipitate. The reduced formation of hemoglobin and accumulation of unpaired α-globin chains are the two fundamental molecular pathologies. In the most serious cases of the disease, the resulting complications develop before two years of age. Most often, these include severe anemia, pallor, jaundice, abdominal enlargement, and distinct craniofacial features. If left untreated, the disease is fatal before the age of three in the most serious cases. Each year, more than 40,000 births, mostly in Southeast Asia, Middle East, or Africa, are affected with β-thalassemia. With increased migration, however, β-thalassemia is becoming more common in Europe and North America. Currently, the most widespread treatment for the disease is transfusions and iron chelation therapy, and the only cure is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In recent years, however, multiple treatments and potential cures such as fetal hemoglobin inducers and gene therapy have shown promise. By analyzing the cost-efficiency, viability, and therapeutic benefits of current and future treatments, it can be seen that a combination of fetal hemoglobin inducers, transfusions, and iron chelation therapy will have the greatest impact for the vast majority of β-thalassemia patients.
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Genetic screening, prenatal diagnosis and treatment for beta thalassemia : a cost analysisOstrowsky, Julia. January 1983 (has links)
No description available.
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Investigating Roles of 2 Novel EKLF Targets Involved in ErythropoiesisGott, Rose M. 18 September 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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Molecular studies of the alpha globin genes in Quebec populationsAkerman, Beverly January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
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Study of anti-cancer effect of a Trichosanthes sp. extract.January 2005 (has links)
Tang Sze-Wan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-118). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii / Acknownledgement --- p.iv / List of Abbreviations --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.viii / Table of Contents --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter 1 - --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Trichosanthes spp --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Use of Trichosanthes --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Trichosanthin --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Karasurin --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Immunosuppresion --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Anti-Cancer Activity --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- Miscellaneous Uses --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2 --- Cancer --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Oncogenes --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Tumor-Suppressor Genes --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Stability Genes --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Types of Cancer --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Cancer Therapy --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Apoptosis --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3 --- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Philadelphia Chromosome and BCR-ABL gene --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Treatment of CML --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4 --- Dendritic Differentiation of LC976 on K-562 --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Dendritic Cells --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Cancer Vaccine Development of Leukemia --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Dendritic differentiation of K-562 cells --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5 --- Perspective of the Project --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 2 - --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Chemicals and Reagents --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Bioassay Kits --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Human Cell Lines --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Lab Wares and Equipments --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2 --- Extraction of LC9 --- p.76 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chemical Properties of the Lead Compound --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Crude Extraction of Trichosanthes sp --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Purification by Reversed-Phase Column --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Lyophilization and Preparation of LC976 --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3 --- Anti-Proliferation Effect of LC976 on Human Cell Lines / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Maintenance of Cell Lines --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- MTT Assay --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4 --- Apoptosis Induction on K-5 --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- PI Staining --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Annexin V-FITC FACS Analysis --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Caspase Activation --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5 --- Effect on Normal Human Lymphocytes / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Preparation of Human Normal Lymphocytes --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- MTT Cell Viability Assay --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- PI Staining --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Annexin V-FITC FACS Analysis --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter 3 - --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Extraction of LC976 --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2 --- LC976 Inhibited Proliferation of Human Cell Lines / Chapter 3.2.1 --- MTT Assay --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3 --- LC976 Induced Apoptosis in K-562 Cells / Chapter 3.3.1 --- PI Staining --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Annexin V-FITC FACS Analysis --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Caspase Activation --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect on Normal Human Lymphocytes / Chapter 3.4.1 --- MTT Cell Viability Assay --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- PI Staining --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Annexin V-FITC FACS Analysis --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 4 - --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Extraction of LC976 --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2 --- LC976 Inhibited Proliferation of Human Cell Lines / Chapter 4.2.1 --- MTT Assay --- p.86 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA --- p.88 / Chapter 4.3 --- LC976 induced Apoptosis in K-562 Cells / Chapter 4.3.1 --- PI Staining --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Annexin V-FITC Analysis --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Caspase Activation --- p.96 / Chapter 4.4 --- Effect on Normal Human Lymphocytes / Chapter 4.4.1 --- MTT Cell Viability Assay --- p.98 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- PI Staining --- p.99 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Annexin V-FITC FACS Analysis --- p.100 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.103 / Reference --- p.104
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Aplicações da ressonância magnética cardíaca em uma população de pacientes beta-talassêmicos de um hospital terciário / Cardiac magnetic resonance applications in a beta-thalassemia patient population from a brazilian tertiary hospitalTrad, Henrique Simão 06 July 2018 (has links)
Beta-talassemia é uma das doenças genéticas mais comuns no mundo, com graus variados de anemia crônica, tratados por transfusões sanguíneas rotineiras nos casos mais graves. A sobrecarga de ferro acentuada a que esses pacientes são submetidos é a principal responsável pela morbimortalidade, sendo o acúmulo de ferro no miocárdio e a doença cardíaca disso decorrente, a principal causa de morte nessa população. A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) é ferramenta central no acompanhamento desses pacientes, utilizando-se da técnica T2*, capaz de determinar a presença e grau da deposição de ferro no miocárdio, modificando o tratamento da terapia quelante de ferro (TQF). Além disso, outros parâmetros volumétricos e funcionais obtidos no exame de RMC podem estar alterados nesses pacientes. Até a atualidade, inexistem estudos nacionais descrevendo uma população de pacientes beta-talassêmicos pelos parâmetros da RMC. Objetivos: 1. Caracterizar a partir dos diversos parâmetros dos exames de RMC, a população dos pacientes talassêmicos acompanhados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. 2. Avaliar o impacto dos diversos parâmetros da RMC com informações clinicas como mudança terapêutica, ocorrência de insuficiência cardíaca e óbito. Métodos: foram avaliados 44 pacientes com diagnóstico de beta-talassemia em seguimento no serviço de hematologia, para os quais foram solicitados exames de RMC na rotina clínica. Os exames incluíram sequências cine SSFP (steady state free precession) nos diversos planos cardíacos, incluindo uma sequência do eixo curto de ambos os ventrículos, esta utilizada para as medidas de volumes e função ventriculares. A sequência T2* utilizada foi gradiente eco com pré-pulso de saturação do sangue, com aquisição de 9 ecos consecutivos em apenas uma apneia. Sequência semelhante foi obtida para cálculo do T2* hepático. Foi feita revisão dos prontuários dos pacientes para avaliação dos dados clínicos. Resultados: 44 pacientes foram avaliados (25 do sexo masculino 56,8 %), com idade de 23,1±10,3 anos e diagnóstico de beta-talassemia maior em 30 casos (68,2 %) e talassemia intermedia em 14 casos (31,8 %). Foram descritos os volumes, massa e função para ambos os ventrículos, bem como a distribuição da medida do T2* miocárdico. Não foram observadas diferenças desses parâmetros entre os diferentes grupos de impregnação miocárdica pelo T2*. O seguimento médio do estudo foi de 4,0 (±1,1) anos com 4,7 (±1,6) exames por paciente. Foram identificados cinco pacientes com doença cardíaca e dois óbitos. Esses pacientes apresentaram redução significativa do T2* miocárdico, da fração de ejeção do ventrículo direito (VD), massa ventricular direita e esquerda e do volume sistólico final do VD, quando comparados aos indivíduos sem acometimento cardíaco reportado. Conclusão: Caracterizou-se a população de pacientes beta-talassêmicos acompanhados nesta instituição, em relação aos diversos parâmetros da RMC, salientando-se o impacto da introdução do método na mudança terapêutica. A medida do T2* miocárdico está correlacionada ao desenvolvimento de cardiopatia e pior evolução clínica, incluindo óbito. Acometimento do VD pode ser indicador precoce da impregnação miocárdica. / Beta-thalassemia is one of the most common genetic disorders worldwide, with different degrees of chronic anemia, treated with routine blood transfusions in severe cases. Morbidity and mortality is mainly related to the chronic iron overload and iron burden these patients endure. Myocardial iron overload and the development of cardiac disease remain the main cause of death for this population. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) plays a central role in patient management, utilizing T2* sequences, which allows for detection and quantification of myocardial iron deposits, thus prompting changes in iron chelation therapy (ICT). Besides, there are other significant CMR volumetric and functional parameters to present abnormalities in these patients. To the present date, no national data has been published, describing a beta-thalassemia patient population from the standpoint of CMR parameters. Objectives: 1. To characterize, from the different CMR parameters, the beta-thalassemia patient population followed at a Brazilian tertiary hospital. 2. To evaluate the impact of these different CMR parameters, in relation to clinical data, such as therapeutic change, cardiac disease and death. Methods: 44 beta-thalassemia patients followed by the hematology service of this institution were evaluated, to whom CMR exams were performed in routine clinical practice. CMR exams included SSFP (steady state free precession) cine images through the different cardiac planes, including a short axis stack through both ventricles, used to calculate ventricular volumes and function. A gradient echo sequence with a dark blood pre-pulse saturation was used to calculate myocardial T2* values, with 9 consecutive echo times acquisition in one breath hold. A similar sequence was used to determine liver T2* values. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data. Results: 44 patients were evaluated (25 males, 56.8 %), with a mean age of 23,1 (±10,3) years, and diagnosis of betathalassemia major in 30 patients (68,2 %) and beta-thalassemia intermedia in 14 (31,8 %). Ventricular volumes, mass and function were described, as well as myocardial T2* distribution. There were no statistical difference observed among the different CMR parameters and the myocardial T2* degrees. Mean follow up was 4,0 (±1,1) years, with 4,7 (±1,6) exams per patient. Five patients with cardiac disease were identified with two deaths during observation. These patients showed a significantly reduced myocardial T2* and RVEF, and an elevated ventricular mass, for both ventricles, and final systolic right ventricular volume, when compared to patients without cardiac disease. Conclusion: A betathalassemia patient population was characterized through the different CMR parameters, highlighting the impact of CMR introduction to treatment decision. Myocardial T2* is related to cardiac disease development, clinical worsening and death. Right ventricular functional worsening could be an early sign of myocardial iron involvement.
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