The work is purely desk study and its target is presented the historical development of the organisations working with the outdoor activities in the Czech Republic. It studies the basics of some organisations, for exemples Pionýr, Junák and the others, and its following development. A change of the political and social feedback to its organisations and its following development just to the present time.

Throughout relevant literature and through the discourses attached to it outdoor education is often described in terms of its purposes. Among other things it is often said to be education out of doors, personal and social education, or education about self, others and the environment. While this reflects concerns among practitioners it has led to a relative scarcity of critical reviews of the field’s practice. The research reported in this thesis brings a new perspective to the study of outdoor education. A Practice Model is proposed from research that takes a social constructionist epistemology and an interpretive perspective in a study of outdoor education. Using ideas of a community of practice the research examined the literature and interviewed outdoor education practitioners in residential outdoor centres. The residential context served to provide access to discrete communities of practice in outdoor centres and to focus the research on general outdoor adventure education. Through this an understanding of the practice of outdoor education was developed. Three dimensions of outdoor education practice were identified as ‘adventure’, ‘learning from experience’ and ‘new space’. These three dimensions of the Practice Model are proposed as a tool for analysis and critique of current practice and for re-thinking and developing practice.

Nine teenage participants and two adult guides were followed throughout a 10 day white water canoe trip to investigate the relationship between their impressions of connection with nature and the canoe trip experience, and their interactions with nature and the canoe trip experience. Themes providing a description of these relationships were identified and three major findings emerged. The first was that multiple themes mediating participants’ connectedness with nature did so both towards connection and disconnection. The second was that participants’ state of comfort was related to an impression of connection with nature while their state of discomfort was related to an impression of disconnection from nature. The third was that the relationship between participants’ connectedness and interactions with nature differed depending on the context (e.g., nature versus civilization). Possible directions for future research include investigating changes in participants’ conception of nature and the relationship between comfort and connection with nature.

M.Ed. (School Guidance) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Theoretical part of the Master's thesis called "Business plan in the area of commercial communication" describes the aspects of business plan as a document and partly the process of such document's evaluation and business financing in general. In the second part of the thesis a business plan of arising company AdGo is created with the use of previously gained knowledge. The primary aim is to create a complete business plan that will determine whether the project is viable or not. Based on the obtained results the project seems to be not only viable but it also seems to have a potential to be a long-life project under certain conditions.

The aim of this thesis is to design a marketing strategy selected business company that operates on the market of outdoor clothing. The theoretical part deals with an introduction to marketing, marketing concept and the importance of brand. The practical part presents company in more detail, analyses market of outdoor clothing, customers and competitors. This information serves as a starting point for designing appropriate marketing strategy, which is elaborated into each element of the marketing mix at the end of this thesis.

Syftet med denna kunskapsöversikt har varit att ta reda på hur elevens lärande i de naturorienterande ämnena kan påverkas av utomhuspedagogik. Men även effekterna som utomhusundervisning kan ha på eleverna och hur dessa kan påverka det sociala klimatet. För att undersöka detta användes olika metoder, främst sökningar på referensdatabaser. Framförallt utgick sökningarna från Malmö Universitet biblioteks sökfunktion via Libsearch. Relevanta vetenskapliga artiklar och rapporter erhölls, dessa källors referenser har vidare hjälpt till att hitta relevant forskning som har kunnat besvara frågeställningarna. Resultatet visade att det finns flertal positiva effekter på eleverna och deras lärande med utomhuspedagogik. Någon studie visade att det sociala klimatet förbättrades. I jämförande studier mellan inomhus och utomhuspedagogik visade resultaten att kunskapsinlärningen inte utvecklades med någon större skillnad mellan inomhus och utomhusundervisning. Däremot var elevernas upplevelser av utomhusundervisningen mer positiva. Utifrån alla positiva resultat som lyfts fram i denna kunskapsöversikt kanske vår profession uppmuntras till att använda mer utomhuspedagogik i elevernas lärandeprocesser. Med stöd från forskning förespråkas utomhusundervisningen i alla ämnen men främst i de naturvetenskapliga. Detta kan inspirera fler inom professionen att flytta ut från klassrummet och bedriva sin undervisning under bar himmel istället.

Sammanfattning Utomhuspedagogik är en arbetsmetod som har blivit alltmer aktuell i dagens undervisning. Matematikuppgifter som elever får ta del av vid utomhusundervisning ger en vardagsrelaterad kontext. Elever får lära-genom-att-göra, de får teori i klassrummet som de sedan kan arbeta praktiskt med utanför klassrummet. Enligt Skolverket (2019) har lärare i uppdrag att låta elever få pröva olika arbetssätt och arbetsformer. Metoden utomhuspedagogik kan vara ett komplement till traditionell undervisning och ge matematikundervisning en variation. Syfte Denna kunskapsöversikt har som avsikt att beskriva en objektiv översikt av forskningsområdet utomhuspedagogik inom matematik från 2010 till 2019. Kunskapsöversikten ämnar fungera som ett underlag med vetenskaplig grund för lärare vid arbete med utomhuspedagogik. Vi vill även bidra till att användandet och intresset av metoden ökar inom skola. Metod Urvalet samlades in genom sökningar i databaserna PRIMO, DiVa, Google Schoolar och Ulrichsweb med förbestämda urvalskriterier. Vetenskapliga artiklar från olika delar av världen innehållande orden: utomhus, matematik eller de motsvarande engelska orden: outdoor education/learning mathematics lästes och användes som grund i kunskapsöversikten. Urvalet landade på totalt tio artiklar. Resultat Utifrån resultatet från kunskapsöversiktens artiklar framkom det att elever mår bra och gynnas av utomhusundervisning. Det ger elever ett friskare välmående när de får arbeta praktiskt inaturen. I samband med matematikundervisning kan elever få ta del av fysisk aktivitet. Vid utomhusundervisning byggs relationer upp, både elev till lärare men även elev till elev. Elevers begreppsförmåga och kommunikationsförmåga kring matematik ökar vid utomhuspedagogik. Vid undervisning utomhus får elever vardagsrelaterade uppgifter som ökar elevers lust till att lära i samband med att elever får lära-genom-att-göra. Kunskap elever får via utomhusundervisning stannar i minnet över en längre tid. Lärare uppfattar denna arbetsmetod som positiv för elevers mående och matematiklärande, däremot krävs det att lärare jobbar med disciplin och struktur med arbetsmetoden i början, för att vänja elever vid den nya lärmiljön. Lärare uppfattar att det tar tid att finna material och lämplig plats att utöva sin undervisning på. Trots upplevda hinder med arbetsmetoden är lärare generellt positiva till användandet av arbetsmetoden. Resultatet grundar sig på olika använda metoder från olikadelar i världen i forskningens artiklar.

"It is the purpose of this study to examine current trends in the production of outdoor music performances in the public schools of the South Florida area with a view toward determining not only the extent of such practices, but the techniques involved. Apparently no study has been published concerning the unique opportunity for outdoor music performances this climate affords, although outdoor programs have long been a part of South Florida's school activities"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "August, 1955." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Education." / Advisor: Robert L. Briggs, Professor Directing Paper.

Abstract The background of this study issues from an investigation report written by the Swedish national agency for Education 2018, concerning the subject physical education and health. It is written in the report that the subject area outdoor education is given much limited space on the schools that were investigated. The Swedish Schools inspectorate identifies that outdoor education is an area in need of development in all schools that were a part of the study. The purpose of my study is to get a view of principals’ interpretation of conditions and resources for outdoor education to be able to carry it out in accordance with the knowledge requirements for the subject physical education and health. The study is based on the factors time, outdoor environment and economy. Since the study aims to look at principals’ understanding and view on outdoor education, I chose a qualitative approach for my study. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. The overall pattern in principals’ opinions is that the outdoor environment surrounding central situated schools is good. They don’t see a need to extend time for outdoor education and are of the general idea that outdoor focused days are a good opportunity for students to be outside. The content during these days vary much and often concerns physical activities outdoor such as football, rounders and ultimate frisbee. The result of my study coheres well with the result in the inspection that was written by the Swedish school inspectorate in 2018.   Outdoor education is put aside for the benefit of the area concerning physical movement. Outdoor days in school becomes activity focused days with competition as the main purpose. Principals’ views on the content greatly affects what type of activities students participates in and is educated about in their school. The discussion emphasized that outdoor education is a field of knowledge that the whole school benefits from. My study turns to future PE teachers and Principals and underlines the importance of planning for outdoor education. The fact that students receive positive experiences in and knowledge about outdoor education leads to consisting values. School leaders need to reflect upon outdoor education. Keywords: Economy, Outdoor education, Time, Outdoor environment