<p>Both basic personality traits and clinical personality disorders have been studied in the context of a wide range of behaviors, including antisocial behavior and aggression. Although the five-factor model (FFM) has been examined in relation to several types of non-partner aggression, relatively few studies have assessed the relations between FFM traits and intimate partner aggression perpetration. Additionally, some work has suggested that there may be differential personality correlates of intimate partner aggression versus other forms of aggression, but none has directly compared these types of aggression in terms of their personality trait profiles. The present study, reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board, sought to answer those questions as well as critically evaluate the potential mediating role of basic traits in the relation between personality disorder (PD) symptoms and outcomes related to aggression and antisocial behavior. A total of 307 participants, recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), completed a number of questionnaires assessing personality traits, PD symptoms, and various types of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Findings suggest that traits related to Agreeableness and Conscientiousness generally demonstrated the strongest and most consistent (negative) relations across all measures of aggression and antisocial behavior; however, Neuroticism-related traits also demonstrated moderate (positive) correlations with certain types of aggression. PD symptoms almost all predicted aggressive and antisocial behavior, and although ASPD and BPD were two of the most robust PD symptom correlates across aggression and antisocial behavior outcomes, they were not always the strongest PD symptom correlate for each behavior. Personality profiles were moderately similar across aggression subtypes, but some showed more convergence than others. Finally, relations between PD symptom counts and aggressive and antisocial behavior were largely accounted for by more basic personality traits.</p>

E-sport är vid början av 2020-talet en mer accepterad sport än tidigare i historien och har nått en sådan kommersiell nivå att spelare i toppskiktet kan livnära sig på det. I takt med att spelen blivit mer tävlingsinriktade samt upptar en stor del av mångas tid har oron över spel och spelmiljöers potentiella psykologiska effekter aktualiserats. E-sportmiljöerna har ryktet att framkalla negativa emotionella tillstånd, såsom nedstämdhet, frustration och ilska. Syftet med studien är att genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer undersöka de negativa emotioner som upplevs i det sociala samspelet i online-spelet League of Legends samt hur de hanteras av individen. Studien består av 10 intervjuer. Urvalet var begränsat till individer som spelade minst 4 timmar i veckan och som hade erfarenhet av aktiva och medvetna försök att hantera frustrationer som uppstår i spelandet. Studien utgår från en socialpsykologisk ansats genom teorier om bland annat aggression, social påverkan och emotionshantering. Studiens resultat visar att spelets tävlingsinriktade utformning samt möjligheten av att vara anonym påverkar det emotionella tillståndet samt beteendet negativt. Social påverkan genom kommunikation och samarbete upplevde intervjupersonerna som en betydande faktor för det emotionella tillståndet. Frustration fick ofta utlopp genom aggressivitet riktad mot andra och sig själv. Metoder för att hantera emotionella tillstånd innefattar kognitiva omvärderingar och undvikande av negativa situationer. / E-sports are at the beginning of the 2020s more accepted sports than earlier in history and has reached such a commercial level that players at the top layer can earn their livelihood from it. As the games have become more competitive and constitutes a more significant part of many people's time, the concern for the E-sports-environment´s potential psychological effects has been brought to the fore. E-sports-environments have the reputation to induce negative emotional conditions such as malaise, frustration or anger. The purpose of this study is to through qualitative semi-structured interviews examine the negative emotions experienced in the social interplay in the online game League of Legends as well as how the individual handles such emotions. The study consists of 10 interviews. Selection criteria for the study is limited to individuals who played at least 4 hours per week and had experience of active attempts to manage game related frustration. The study is based on a social-psychological approach using theories about aggression, social influence and emotional regulation. The result of the study shows that the games competitive design as well as the possibility to be anonymous negatively affects the emotions and behavior of the player. Social influence through communication and cooperation was experienced by the interviewees as aconsiderable factor for the emotional condition. Frustration often led to aggression towards ohers and oneself. Methods for regulating emotional conditions include cognitive revaluations and avoidance of negative situations.

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Cyclists' perception of car drivers as 'aggressive' and potentially dangerous is an important reason why they demand dedicated cycling infrastructure or cycle on the footpath even when it is illegal. Cycling infrastructure is built on main roads only. On minor roads cyclists and drivers share the road which might lead to conflicts. We tried to explore such a situation from the perspective of a car driver who drives behind a cyclist and has no opportunity to overtake with the legal safety margin. In such a situation, drivers have several options to react. The only legal option is to adapt their own speed to the cyclist's speed, wait until there is enough room and overtake then. Some drivers show other reactions which might frighten the cyclist and/or increase the risk of a crash: honking, shouting, close following, close overtaking and others. Cyclists might avoid roads where they made or expect such experiences, cycle on the footpath, cycle in the dooring zone of parking cars. Noncyclists observing such driver behaviour might decide better not to cycle at all. These reactions work against the political aims to increase the modal share of cycling and walking and improve traffic safety for nonmotorized road users. What are the differences between drivers who perform actions which are aggressive more or less often? Which role do their attitudes and mobility habits play? We expected that drivers who see cyclists on the road as less legitimate perform more aggressive acts [1, Oldmeadow]. We expected a positive correlation between perceived legitimacy of aggressive acts and the frequency of their performance. Road users have different general aims lik.e speed and safety. There are also more situation specific aims like expressing one's anger. We expect that drivers see behaviour which is in accordance with their aims as more legitimate [2, Varet] and show it more often. We expect that car drivers who show more aggressive behaviour blame cyclists more for the situation [3, Pimentel]. We expect that persons who cycle more often behave in a less aggressive manner because they see the situation also from the perspective of the cyclist. Aggressive drivers commit more traffic violations [4, King] and thus have a higher risk of receiving a fine. We expected that persons who report more aggressive behaviour have got more fines for traffic offences. [From: Introduction]

This study examined social interactions between Italian preschoolers based upon sociometric status groupings. The sample consisted of 267 Italian preschoolers (mean age 64 months) taken from early childhood classrooms in southern Italy. Drawing on previous research, preschoolers' physical and relational aggression and physical and relational victimization as measured by peer nominations were analyzed. Structural equation modeling using Mplus was used to test the model, and SPSS 15 was used to run analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to examine the interaction between sociometric status and preschoolers' behaviors toward peers. Findings generally support previous research with American children as well as cross-cultural research regarding physical and relational aggression, victimization, sociability, and sociometric status groupings. Results indicate that popular children displayed high levels of social behavior, low levels of aggression, and experienced little victimization, while rejected children demonstrated high levels of aggression and victimization and low levels of social behavior. The most striking finding was that controversial children, similar to rejected children, showed high levels of aggression and victimization. Gender differences indicated that boys were more relationally and physically aggressive and victimized than girls, with the exception of controversial status girls.

Using questionnaires, self report, and partner report of spouse, this longitudinal investigation examined the relationship between couple insecure attachment, covert relational aggression, and sexual satisfaction of each partner one year after their initial assessment, while controlling for sexual satisfaction at the time of our initial assessment. Findings showed that wives were more impacted by both actor and partner effects of covert relational aggression. Wives' sexual satisfaction was predicted by the increase in insecure attachment of both self and spouse through covert relational aggression. Wives insecure attachment did not cause a significant decrease in husbands' sexual satisfaction at time 2. Husbands were also impacted but to a lesser degree. An increase in husbands' insecure attachment showed a significant increase in husbands' covert relational aggression. The increase in his covert relational aggression did not, however, predict a significant decline in sexual satisfaction for husbands.

The purpose of this study was to examine marital romantic relational aggression in parents and its impact on adolescent relational aggression, adolescent romantic relational aggression, internalizing, and school engagement with self-regulation as a potential mediator. Gender differences were also examined. Adolescents were from 328 two-parent families in a large north-western city in the United States and were between 12 and 17 years of age (M=14.24, SD=1.00, 51% female) at time 4. All independent variables except adolescent self-regulation were measured at wave 4, and all adolescent variables were measured at wave 5. Results indicate that higher levels of romantic relational aggression from mother to father was directly related to higher relational aggression in girls and lower romantic relational aggression in boys one year later. Father romantic relational aggression was directly and negatively related to romantic relational aggression in girls one year later. Mother romantic relational aggression was indirectly related to all outcomes in females only, in the predicted directions, through adolescent self-regulation. Father romantic relational aggression was indirectly related, in the predicted directions, to relational aggression, internalizing, and school engagement in boys only. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.

The purpose of this thesis is to assess children's exposure to aggression through popular children's picture books. Little research has been performed regarding aggression in such books. By analyzing 301 picture books, this study found that the average picture book contained 1.36 aggressive acts, and that aggressive acts were more likely to be included in picture books meant for older children. Verbal aggression was the most widely used type of aggression in children's picture books. There was no significant relationship between the type of character (human or nonhuman) and whether the character acted aggressively. Male characters were more likely to be shown aggressing towards other male characters; they were also more likely to be shown using physical aggression and violent ideation. Aggressive acts in children's picture books are more likely to be portrayed as unjustified, with no consequences, and no adult involvement to help resolve the situation. Children's picture books could be a useful tool for parents, teachers, and adults to teach children about aggression and appropriate solutions for resolving conflict.