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This thesis follows the development of the Ukrainian identity in Toronto since World War II. It explores the formation of collective memory by the Third Wave of Ukrainian immigration who arrived in Toronto in the early 1950s and the crystallization of a particular Ukrainian identity within this community. In particular, it looks at the role of the Ukrainian schooling system as an important institution shaping the community’s understanding of Ukrainian identity. It also discusses the challenges to that identity since the arrival of the Fourth Wave of Ukrainian immigration which began in 1991. It charts the intra-group tensions which arose in the community due to different understandings of what it means to be Ukrainian and describes how competing Ukrainian identities found within the Fourth Wave of immigration have shifted the dynamic in the Ukrainian community, explaining low involvement of Fourth Wave members within community institutions such as the Ukrainian school.

This thesis follows the development of the Ukrainian identity in Toronto since World War II. It explores the formation of collective memory by the Third Wave of Ukrainian immigration who arrived in Toronto in the early 1950s and the crystallization of a particular Ukrainian identity within this community. In particular, it looks at the role of the Ukrainian schooling system as an important institution shaping the community’s understanding of Ukrainian identity. It also discusses the challenges to that identity since the arrival of the Fourth Wave of Ukrainian immigration which began in 1991. It charts the intra-group tensions which arose in the community due to different understandings of what it means to be Ukrainian and describes how competing Ukrainian identities found within the Fourth Wave of immigration have shifted the dynamic in the Ukrainian community, explaining low involvement of Fourth Wave members within community institutions such as the Ukrainian school.

This thesis examines how cultural competency operates as a regime of governmentality. Inspired by Foucauldian genealogy, institutional ethnography, and Said’s concept of contrapuntality, this thesis problematizes the seamless production of racialized bodies in relation to mental disorder. I begin by elaborating a theoretical framework for interpreting race and madness as mutually constructed ordering practices. I then analyze what cultural competence produces and sustains in a position paper published by the Ontario Federation of Community Mental Health and Addiction Programs. I argue the Federation dismisses ongoing institutional violence—suggesting it is simply the perception, as opposed to the everyday reality, of discrimination that causes problems such as low educational attainment among youth of colour. To further support this claim, I deconstruct narratives of low self-esteem, maladaptive coping, depression, and denial of mental illness in the community needs assessments of two of the Federation’s member organizations: Hong Fook and Across Boundaries.

This thesis examines how cultural competency operates as a regime of governmentality. Inspired by Foucauldian genealogy, institutional ethnography, and Said’s concept of contrapuntality, this thesis problematizes the seamless production of racialized bodies in relation to mental disorder. I begin by elaborating a theoretical framework for interpreting race and madness as mutually constructed ordering practices. I then analyze what cultural competence produces and sustains in a position paper published by the Ontario Federation of Community Mental Health and Addiction Programs. I argue the Federation dismisses ongoing institutional violence—suggesting it is simply the perception, as opposed to the everyday reality, of discrimination that causes problems such as low educational attainment among youth of colour. To further support this claim, I deconstruct narratives of low self-esteem, maladaptive coping, depression, and denial of mental illness in the community needs assessments of two of the Federation’s member organizations: Hong Fook and Across Boundaries.

Ce mémoire par article est une étude des différences hémodynamiques entre la dextro-transposition des gros vaisseaux (TGV) avec communication interventriculaire (CIV) et la TGV avec septum intact (SI) pendant la période fœtale et périopératoire. Il est à noter que SI fait référence au septum inter ventriculaire et non au septum inter auriculaire. La présence d’une communication inter auriculaire étant, comme nous le verrons dans ce travail, un élément important de la physiologie des fœtus/nouveau-nés porteur de TGV. Le document est divisé en deux parties importantes. La première partie est composée du chapitre 1 qui présente une revue de littérature détaillant les notions importantes à la compréhension de la problématique et du chapitre 2 qui décrit la méthodologie utilisée pour répondre à la question de recherche. On détaille d’abord les méthodes d’acquisition des échocardiographies fœtales ainsi que les principales mesures effectuées à partir de celles-ci. Ensuite, on y décrit les technologies de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge avancée et de la spectroscopie à corrélation diffuse (NIRS-DCS) permettant de recueillir les données hémodynamiques sur la microvascularisation cérébrale des nouveau-nés. La seconde partie est constituée du chapitre 3 qui est le manuscrit accepté au journal Ultrasound in Obstetric & Gynecology pour publication. Celui-ci décrit les différences hémodynamiques entre les patients ayant une TGV&CIV et les TGV&SI et présente les différences retrouvées en échocardiographie fœtale et en hémodynamie cérébrale périopératoire étudiée à l’aide de la NIRS avancée. Ensuite, nous présentons dans le chapitre 4 une discussion sur les principaux impacts cliniques et sur d’éventuelles améliorations. / This master’sthesis is composed of an article and a study. They present hemodynamic differences between patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and ventricular septum defect (VSD), and TGA with intact ventricular septum (IVS) during fetal and perioperative periods. This document is divided into two principal sections. The first section includes Chapter 1 that presents a review of literature detailing important notions to understand the problematic, and Chapter 2, that describes the methodology used to answer our research question. First, we detailed acquisition data and measured parameters of the fetal echocardiography exams. Then, we describe advanced near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS-DCS) technology that allowed hemodynamic data acquisition on the cerebral microvascularization of neonates. The second section is composed of Chapter 3, the manuscript accepted in Ultrasound in Obstetric & Gynecology journal for publication. The aim of this article is to describe hemodynamic differences between patients with TGA&VSD and TGA&IVS. It describes fetal echocardiography and cerebral perioperative hemodynamic differences studied with advanced NIRS. Next, we present in Chapter 4 a more detailed discussion with principal impacts on the clinical field and future improvements.