Sweden's government says in the bill 2008/09: 140 that military service should be suspended and replaced with a system based on voluntary recruitment. In the essay, I will make an argument analysis of the parliamentary debate on the bill from the 12th of June 2009 with the following questions: On what is the different side’s argument based on? Are the arguments essentially and factually substantiated? Is there a clear political party tendency among the for-/counter arguments? The method is a "Pro et contra" analysis, a logical systematization of the arguments. The analysis will take start in the headline; Conscription should be suspended in favour of a voluntary system based on contract employed soldiers. The presentation of arguments in the analysis will be guided by the chronological order. The main argument against the bill is a belief that this system will generate greater costs. Furthermore, results from studies performed on other countries that have recently changed from compulsory military service to contract employed soldiers shows difficulties in recruiting and retaining staff in a voluntary system. Moreover it is noted that the increase in battle readiness that this new system means, would be completely unjustified in view of prevailing threats against Sweden. Finally, it is argued that the common support is at risk when Sweden's defence affairs no longer become an obligation for every individual to contribute. The arguments for the bill believe that we need forces that are fit to use and available, to meet the new threats that is emerging and in which Sweden's participation in international missions is the focal point. The conflict in the debate is based mostly in the ideological distinctions and as a result of these also economic contradictions. As a direct consequence of this, most of the arguments are not substantiated with facts. However, there is traceability to arguments that historically have been used to justify the introduction of either of the systems. There is a clear party political tendency in the debate. Government parties stay united and the opposition parties are slightly more dispersed in their argumentation but still against the bill.

ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Recent federal legislation (e.g. Sarbanes Oxley, Graham Leach Bliley) has introduced requirements for compliance including records retention and records integrity. Many industry sectors (e.g. Energy, under the North American Energy Reliability Council) are also introducing their own voluntary compliance mandates to avert possible additional federal regulation. A trusted computer appliance device dedicated to data auditing may soon be required in all corporate IT infrastructures to accommodate various compliance directives. Such an auditing device also may have application in telemetry post processing environments, as it maybe used to guarantee the integrity of post-processed telemetry data.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 18-21, 2004 / Town & Country Resort, San Diego, California / The use of hardware security for telemetry in satellites utilized for intelligence and defense applications is well known. Less common is the use of hardware security in ground-based computers hosting applications that post process telemetry data. Analysis reveals vulnerabilities in software only security solutions that can result in the compromise of telemetry data housed on ground-based computer systems. Such systems maybe made less susceptible to compromise with the use of hardware based security.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work aimed to analyze the Environmental Management indicators of municipalities fully or partially inserted in the watershed of Japaratuba River in the State of Sergipe.Through specific objectives were identified and measured the indicators of institutional capacity and environmental planning, develop a profile of indicators to support monitoring the public environmental management and propose solutions for public policies based on the indicators.The methodological research procedure was exploratory, descriptive literature and on the approach was qualitative and quantitative. The procedures used for data collection was done by identifying the institutional capacity dimensions and environmental planning, but also through the official sources. As a result of this research, the low participation of municipalities in environmental management was noted. Due to these information were indicated the main obstacles that are related to the lack of council, municipal environmental fund and organizational structure in the municipalities that make up the watershed. In the dimension environmental planning, there was no existence of municipal plans and legislation in the environmental area. In short, given the deficiencies found in the municipalities that make up the watershed, is assumed to be a more focused look at the barriers checked, so that the municipal government can take decisions aiming thereafter the sustainability of the watershed. / A presente dissertação teve como objetivo analisar os indicadores de Gestão Ambiental dos municípios inseridos total ou parcialmente na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Japaratuba no Estado de Sergipe. Através de objetivos específicos foi possível identificar e mensurar os indicadores de capacidade institucional e de planejamento ambiental, elaborar um perfil de indicadores para subsidiar o monitoramento a gestão ambiental pública e propor medidas para políticas públicas com base nos indicadores. O procedimento metodológico da pesquisa foi exploratória, descritiva, bibliográfica e quanto à abordagem foi quali-quanti. Os procedimentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foi feita através da identificação das dimensões de capacidade institucional e planejamento ambiental, como também, através das fontes oficiais. Como resultado desta pesquisa, detectou-se a baixa participação dos municípios na gestão ambiental. A partir destas informações foram apontados os principais entraves que estão relacionados à falta de conselho, fundo municipal de meio ambiente e estrutura organizacional nos municípios que compõem a bacia. Na dimensão planejamento ambiental, não se verificou a existência de planos e legislação municipal na área ambiental. Em suma, diante das carências encontradas nos municípios que compõem a bacia, pressupõe um olhar mais direcionado aos entraves verificados, a fim de que o poder público municipal possa tomar decisões visando, consequentemente a sustentabilidade desta bacia.

ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Virtualization technologies have the potential to transform the telemetry post-processing environment. Significant efficiencies can be gained by migrating telemetry post processing activities to virtual computing platforms. However, while facilitating better server utilization, virtualization also presents several challenges; one of the most difficult of those challenges being security. In virtualization, server environments are replicated in software; unfortunately, the security individual servers provide is not replicated in a software stack implementation of a server environment. After reviewing virtualization fundamentals, security issues and their impact on telemetry post processing will be discussed.

Aims: To elucidate the aetiopathological mechanisms underlying the IIMs, through a combination of genotyping, serotyping and clinical phenotyping in a large cohort of Caucasian idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of prevalent IIM cases, ascertained through the Adult Onset Myositis Immunogenetic Collaboration, was performed. Cases were confirmed as possessing myositis according to Bohan and Peter (Bohan and Peter 1975a; Bohan and Peter 1975b). IIM clinical subtypes studied included polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM) and myositis associated with other connective tissue disease (myositis/CTD-overlap). Genotyping of major histocompatibility complex genes, including HLA-B, -DR, -DQ, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), was performed using commercial kits. Serotyping of a comprehensive range of myositis specific/associated antibodies (MSA/MAAs) was undertaken. Results: Clinical subsets are described within the serological groupings, suggesting that the classification of the IIMs appears to be better served by the serotype than by the clinical subgrouping of disease. The IIMs possess HLA class I and II haplotype associations and genetic differences observed between PM and DM are accounted for by serological differences. The TNF-308A association is not independent of HLA class I, due to the strong LD within the MHC, but does form part of a haplotype with these factors. An absence of routinely tested for MSA/MAAs makes cancer associated myositis (CAM) more likely, especially in the DM subgroup. An antibody against a 155 and 140kDa doublet is associated with the development of CAM. Outcome measures in the IIMs show construct validity. HLA-DRB1*07 appears to predict a milder clinical phenotype with less disability. No convincing gene-environmental interaction was found capable of altering disease susceptibility or clinical phenotype. Conclusions: Myositis disease subtypes therefore appear to be defined by specific haplotypes acting as risk factors for the development of various MSAs and MAAs.

Des offres de location de biens en partage fleurissent dans les villes : Vélib’, Autolib’, l’autopartage.... Louer l’usage suppose de partager l’utilisation du bien à plusieurs et d’accepter de se dégager de la matérialité au profit de la fonctionnalité. C’est aussi un argument en faveur d’une consommation plus écoresponsable. Louer l’usage d’un bien en partage ou l’acheter, qu’en pense le consommateur ? La valeur réside dans les bénéfices qu'il retire de l’utilisation, et non de la possession. C’est également une nouvelle expérience chargée de sens ; elle est acceptée, bricolée, refusée ou réinterprétée par les consommateurs. Selon les principes de la Grounded Theory, un recueil de données grâce à des récits de vie nous éclaire sur l’attrait de cette offre de service ; et, au travers des formes prises par le discours, ce sont les valeurs, les idéaux et les attitudes des acheteurs qui émergent. Puis, nous tentons de déterminer les antécédents de la prise de décision de louer l’usage dans le cas de biens en partage, et de présenter une typologie de logiques de consommation de l’usage. Nous tenons à voir l’intérêt managérial d’une stratégie de différenciation expérientielle conjuguée à un positionnement écocitoyen pour distribuer la location de l’usage / Offers of sharing services are springing up in cities: Vélib’, Autolib’, carsharing.... Using up involves sharing the service with multiple users and agreeing to separate oneself from all materialism in favor of functionality. This is also an argument towards a more responsible consumption. Hiring or buying, what does the consumer think about it? The value lies in the benefits of use rather than in its possession. It is also a new meaningful experience accepted, tinkered, refused or reinterpreted by the consumers. According to the Grounded Theory principles, a data collection based on life stories, it provides us new information on the attractiveness of this offer of service; and according to the forms taken by the discourse, what emerge are the values, ideals and attitudes of buyers. We try to determine the history of the decision of hiring the use and to propose a typology of the logical specific universe of consuming the use. And then, we want then to put on light on the managerial interest of a strategy of differentiation based on experience combined with an eco-citizen positioning to distribute the location of the use

Le projet de cette thèse est d’examiner ce que nous avons appelé le problème du monde, en entendant par là le problème du mode d’apparition d’une totalité intotalisable qui ne se réduit pas à la somme de ce qui apparaît, et le problème du mode d’être de celui qui appartient au monde et qui est également celui pour lequel le monde comme totalité apparaît. Le problème a été examiné dans le cadre de deux philosophies privilégiées : la philosophie kantienne et la phénoménologie husserlienne. La thématique de l’homme comme habitant du monde apparaît au croisement de trois grandes entreprises kantiennes : l’élaboration d’une épistémologie de la géographie physique en tant qu’elle comporte nécessairement un examen des modalités de l’existence de l’homme sur Terre ; le projet d’une réfutation de l’idéalisme, qui conduit à définir l’homme par son appartenance au monde ; la constitution d’une anthropologie pragmatique qui, tout en unifiant les thématiques précédentes les élargit en les intégrant dans la perspective de la destination pratique de l’homme auquel incombe la tâche de réaliser les conditions de son existence mondaine d’agent moral. Chez Husserl, le mode d’apparition du monde comme totalité est expressément élucidé dans le cadre de la phénoménologie de la perception au moyen de la doctrine de l’intentionnalité horizontale, au terme d’un assez long parcours que nous nous efforçons de reconstituer. En revanche, le mode d’être de celui pour lequel le monde apparaît en tant que tel ne fait l’objet de sa part que d’analyses programmatiques, auxquelles nous proposons de donner un prolongement dans la perspective d’une philosophie de l’environnement. / The objective of this study is to inquire into what has been called the problem of the world, i.e. the problem of the mode of apparition of an intotalisable totality which cannot be reduced to the addition of what appears, and the problem of the mode of being of the subject who belongs to the world and to whom the world as totality appears. This problem has been examined with reference to two privileged philosophies : Kant’s philosophy and Husserl’s phenomenology. The theme of the inhabitant of the world appears at the meeting-point of three major Kantian undertakings, which are (1) the elaboration of an epistemology of geographical physics that necessarily contains an examination of the modalities of existence of man on Earth ; (2) the project of refuting idealism, which leads to defining man in his belonging to the world ; (3) the constitution of a pragmatic anthropology which, while unifying the foregoing topics, broadens them by integrating them into the perspective of the practical destination of man, upon whom falls the task of realising the conditions of his worldly existence as moral agent. In Husserl’s phenomenology, the concept of horizontal intentionality, developed in the phenomenology of perception, helps to explain the mode of apparition of the world as totality, at the end of a long run of thought which we try to reconstitute from the beginning. By contrast, the mode of being of the subject to whom the world as such appears is only programmatically examined in Husserl’s phenomenology. Our study seeks to give a prolongation to Husserl’s insights on this topic, in the direction of an environmental philosophy.

A detailed study is held in Lake Eymir, a shallow eutrophic lake, investigating the phosphorus concentrations in water and the bottom sediment. Water depth, secchi depth, TSS, sediment soluble total phosphorus, sediment soluble PO4-P, Chl-a , TKN, NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, alkalinity, temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and PAR parameters are monitored for 21 months and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to identify trend of phosphorus concentration in water column. Results indicated that total phosphorus concentrations in water column and sediment at lake bottom are susceptible to changes caused by the variations in other water quality parameters compared to average, surface and mid-depth values. Correlations observed between P and other parameters were the highest in Bottom &ndash / 3 data set. In order to model sediment soluble total phosphorus in Lake Eymir, chlorophyll-a, NH3, total phosphorus, PO4-P, temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity, &Delta / T and dissolved oxygen are defined as effective parameters. Linear regression models were more successful in predicting sediment soluble phosphorus concentrations compared to non-linear ones. Turbidity is a good tracer for total phosphorus concentrations in Lake Eymir. Temperature is seasonally effective on phosphorus concentrations, and may create stratified water in summer. Stratification causes phosphorus to build up in bottom water layer. Particle size distribution results show that area of sampling point 1 has different characteristics compared to other sampling locations since it is located at the inlet. The exchange of phosphorus from water to sediment is mostly completed within the first 7-8 hours. On average, 30% of the exchange is completed in an hour. It is clearly seen that although sediment layer in the lake is a phosphorus source, it has not reached its phosphorus binding capacity yet. Adsorption isotherm is found to be pseudo-second-order with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.9909 at all sampling points. Sediment phosphorus content has been fractioned into NH4Cl-P, BD-P, NaOH-P and HCl-P in order to identify permanent and bioavailable parts. Fractionation results show that even if the soluble concentrations are low, they are high enough to cause eutrophication problems.

Biodeterioration has an important role in weathering of historical materials. Natural stone materials become vulnerable to physical and chemical changes in outdoor conditions, favouring the biological growth. In this study, biodeterioration on calcareous stones and its control by biomineralisation were studied on limestones from Nemrut Mount Monument and marbles from Pessinous Archaeological Site. For qualitative and quantitative detection of biological activity fluorescein diacetate (FDA) method that was developed for soil microbial activity was applied to stones of historic monuments. Qualitative FDA analysis was used on cross sections of the samples in order to observe the depth of penetration and effects of biomineralisation using a light microscope with fluorescent light source. Quantitative FDA analysis was done by spectrophotometric determination of fluorescence formed by FDA treatment. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses were used in determining mineralogical structure of patinas and stone base. Light microscopy was used to investigate changes in morphological structure of historic stone in cross and thin sections of the samples. The control of biodeterioration on stone surfaces was studied by biomineralisation treatments using Bacillus cereus. The results of biomineralisation were evaluated by XRD, light microscopy, SEM-EDX and FDA analyses. The results of this study showed that the biodeterioration was an important decay factor in stone materials. It started from the surface and penetrated through the microstructure of the stone up to about four cm depth. Biodeterioration also contributed to the growth of microcracks. Results of biomineralisation using B.cereus to form a protective coating on limestone and marble were also discussed.