This thesis investigates fundamental questions surrounding the phenomenon of control, with an emphasis on control in Turkish, as well as the behaviour of control verbs in non-infinitival environments, which have received little attention previously. I focus solely on the cases of obligatory control (OC) which constitute the only kind of control that is conditioned by the matrix verb alone. This approach is couched in Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) where the control verb projects the necessary syntactic and semantic information. In particular, I argue that the control behaviour is an entailment associated with the verb itself, and that variable, split and partial control are instances of OC. Hence, no special mechanism/structure is needed to account for their interpretation. As to the syntactic and semantic status of the complement, I maintain that the complement is a bare VP in syntax and denotes a property in semantics. Building upon the conclusions reached about OC, I attempt to account for additional complementation patterns of OC verbs. I argue that here too the matrix verb has a crucial role in ruling in and out possible complement types. Finally, I note that control involves much more than just figuring out the reference of the &ldquo / unexpressed&rdquo / subject of the complement, and I furthermore propose that the additional frames of an OC verb provide important clues as to its lexical meaning, which are argued to be relevant for the acquisition of control.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate eighth grade students&rsquo / environmental literacy (knowledge, attitude, sensitivity and concern) level and to assess effects of socio-demographic variables (gender, parents&rsquo / educational level, parents&rsquo / work status and source of information about environmental knowledge) on their environmental literacy level. A total of 437 (212 girls and 225 boys) eight grade public school students are administered Environmental Literacy Test which includes four parts / knowledge (20 items), attitude (10 items), sensitivity (19 items), concern (12 items). Descriptive analysis showed that students have positive attitude and high degrees of concern and sensitivity toward environment / however they have low to moderate levels of environmental knowledge. In order to evaluate the role of socio-demographic variables on students&rsquo / environmental literacy level, six separate one-way MANOVAs were conducted. The results revealed that / a) there is significant effect of gender on students&rsquo / environmental literacy regarding to concern, in favor of girls, b) there is a significant effect of parents&rsquo / educational level on students&rsquo / environmental literacy / c) there is a significant effect of mothers&rsquo / work status on students&rsquo / environmental literacy and d) there is not a significant effect of source of information about environment on students&rsquo / environmental literacy.

The historiography of philosophy presents many difficulties to anybody addressing its more general features. How easy it would be if we had only one skeptic philosopher - who calls himself a skeptic or is believed to be one - and just one "other" philosopher who is not a skeptic or at least does not want be known as such. The third person would be the historian of philosophy who informs us about what befalls the skeptic philosopher and his skepticism. Does be have many followers or many critics or both? Does he stick to his opinions throughout his life or does he change them? ls he ignored by the other philosopher or rather criticized by him? The historian would report all of this to us; we would read his story and be in a position to discuss it, to compare it with the skeptic's own writings and with those of his opponent, and so on. Unfortunately, this ideal constellation does not exist. History is more complex; the historians of philosophy reporting on skepticism have to deal with several skeptical philosophers - self-declared or suspected - from ancient and modern times, and with various theories of skepticism - apologetic and polemic, prompted by religious, scientific or other considerations. Most importantly, historians of philosophy are not a third party. This can be learned from Stäudlin's History of Skepticism.

Addenda inserted inside back fly-leaf. / Bibliography: leaves 185-229. / xxiv, 229, [42] leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Using a rat model of CRF (chronic renal failure), examines the effects of treatment with recombinant human (rh)IGF-I, rhGH and rhIGH-I + GH. Tests the hypothesis that uraemic resistance to both GH and IGF-I is evident in derangements in the GH/IGF-I axis contribution to growth retardation in children with CRF. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Paediatrics, 1996?

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη των ειδικών και εναλλακτικών μορφών τουρισμού, μέσα από την εκπόνηση ενός στρατηγικού σχεδίου ανάπτυξης για το Νομό Αχαΐας, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη το φυσικό και πολιτιστικό πλούτο της περιοχής. Αναλύονται οι προϋποθέσεις για την ανάπτυξη, τη στήριξη και την εφαρμογή των ειδικών και εναλλακτικών μορφών τουρισμού. Αρχικά γίνεται αναφορά στο σύγχρονο τουρισμό, καθώς και στην εννοιολογική προσέγγιση των βασικότερων μορφών ειδικού και εναλλακτικού τουρισμού. Αναλύονται οι προϋποθέσεις για την ανάπτυξη, τη στήριξη και την εφαρμογή των ειδικών και εναλλακτικών μορφών τουρισμού καθώς και οι πόροι, οι υποδομές και οι υπηρεσίες. Ακολουθούν η ανάλυση της υφιστάμενης κατάστασης, η καταγραφή των διαθέσιμων πόρων, με αναφορές σε κοινωνικά χαρακτηριστικά και οικονομικά μεγέθη, καθώς και η παρουσίαση των σημαντικότερων φυσικών και πολιτιστικών πόρων της περιοχής. ενώ η ανάλυση SWOT παρουσιάζει τα δυνατά και αδύνατα σημεία της περιοχής. Στη συνέχεια εντοπίζονται και αναλύονται οι ειδικές και εναλλακτικές μορφές τουρισμού που έχουν τις προϋποθέσεις να αναπτυχθούν στη περιοχή που εξετάζεται καθώς και τα προγράμματα που υλοποιήθηκαν και υλοποιούνται για την ανάπτυξη τους. Αμέσως μετά παρουσιάζεται ένα στρατηγικό σχέδιο ανάπτυξης και διαχείρισης ειδικών και εναλλακτικών μορφών τουρισμού. Τέλος διαπιστώνεται ότι οι δραστηριότητες ειδικού και εναλλακτικού τουρισμού είναι μεμονωμένες, διάσπαρτες χωρίς τον προγραμματισμό και τον συντονισμό της δράσης των τοπικών παραγωγικών δυνάμεων και φορέων (ιδιωτικού και δημόσιου τομέα). Έχουν όμως τη δυνατότητα να αποτελέσουν μοναδική αναπτυξιακή ευκαιρία αναδεικνύοντας πολλά από τα στοιχεία του φυσικού - πολιτιστικού περιβάλλοντος, τα ήθη, τα έθιμα και τις παραδόσεις, αναβαθμίζοντας ποιοτικά και οικονομικά την ευρύτερη περιοχή. / The aim of this paper is to present the development of the specific and alternative forms of tourism, through the development of strategic plan in the Achaia Prefecture, taking account of the physical and cultural resources of the region. We make an analysis of the conditions for the development, the support and the application of the specific and alternative forms of tourism. Initially, a mention is made of contemporary tourism, as well as a semantic approach of the most common forms of specific and alternative tourism. We analyze the conditions for the development, the support and the application of the specific and alternative forms of tourism as well as the resources, the infrastructures and the services. Then follows an analysis of the existing situation, a recording of the available resources, relying on the localization and the itemization of all the existing elements of the region, with references given on the social characteristics and the economic sizes, as well as the presentation of the most important physical and cultural resources of the region. While analysis SWOT presents the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats of region. Thereinafter, an effort is made, in order to detect whether the necessary conditions for the developing of the specific and alternative forms of tourism in the region exist, as well as an analysis of the developing programs that were and/or are materialized. Immediately afterwards a strategic plan for the development of the specific and alternative forms of tourism is being presented. In the end, we discover that the activities of specific and alternative tourism are individual, without the planning and the coordination of the actions of the local productive strengths of the private and public sector. But the possibility to attract unique growth remains, electing many from the elements of physical, cultural environment, the morals, the customs, upgrading economically the wider region.

Orientador: Paulo Sergio de Vasconcellos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T20:08:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trevizam_Matheus_D.pdf: 1578970 bytes, checksum: 5efb6b093537be187dbbbb5fa29ba95e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, propomos a análise conjunta de três obras da literatura agrária latina (o De agri cultura de Catão Censor, o De re rustica de Varrão e as Geórgicas de Virgílio) do ponto de vista da construção do texto (elaboração genérico-literária e da linguagem), dos significados particulares das posturas de "ensinamento" e dos temas-outros (moral, religião, filosofia, política, mito...) sempre agregados à trama instrutiva. Além disso, propõem-se traduções divulgadoras do De agri cultura catoniano e do primeiro livro do De re rustica / Abstract: In this work, we propose the common analysis of three books of Latin agrarian literature (the De agri cultura of Cato, the De re rustica of Varro and Virgil's Georgics) from the viewpoint of textual construction (generic, literary and linguistic elaboration), of the particular meanings in teaching ways followed by each writer and of the additional themes (moral, religion, philosophy, politics, myth...) always included in the instructional whole. We also propose popularization translations of the De agri cultura and of the first book of the De re rustica / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística

Notre recherche s’autorise d’une réflexion sur le messianisme continûment menée à partir des sources juives, essentiellement bibliques et talmudiques. Depuis cet indispensable point de départ, elle s’interroge centralement sur la possibilité d’une conversion de la violence en tout autre chose qu’elle-même, à savoir en droit, dès lors que celui-ci est entendu à la lumière du droit hé-braïque, c’est-à-dire ouvert sur son propre au-delà. Cette ouverture est ici comprise à partir du temps et de la loi, de leur relation. Car le juridique et le messianique s’entre-confortent, moyennant toute une série de mises au point et de clarifications quant à leurs temporalités propres. Le messianisme ap-paraît ainsi au fil de notre investigation comme un défi conceptuel par où tentent de s’articuler les particularités de l’existence historique, les exigences politiques et les promesses prophétiques. Il permet ainsi d’engager une ré-flexion originale et singulière sur l’Etat, la politique, l’histoire, les rapports entre le religieux et ses formes sécularisées, le droit et la vie. / Our thesis develops a reflection on the messianism continuously led from the Jewish, essentially biblical and talmudic sources. Since this essential starting point, we think here about the possibility of a conversion of the vio-lence in something quite different that itself, namely right or law, since this one is understood in the light of the Hebraic right, that is opened on his own beyond. This opening is understood here from time and law, from their rela-tion. Because the legal and the messianic enters consolidate, as a result of a whole series of clarifications and clarifications as for their appropriate tem-porality. The messianism so appears in our investigation as a theoretical challenge, which try to articulate the peculiarities of the historic existence, the political requirements and the prophetic promises. He so allows to have an original and singular reflection on State, politics, history, the relation-ships between religion and its secularized forms, right and life.

Searle’s theory of Biological Naturalism has been largely ignored in the philosophical literature and Searle’s commentators are confused by his seemingly contradictory views. In this dissertation I attempt to make sense of Biological Naturalism. In chapter 2 I will ascertain which concerns prevent Searle’s readers from understanding his position. The remaining chapters aim to dissolve the tensions and dispel any confusion. Chapter 3 considers Searle’s notion of first-person ontology, finding that it expresses a belief that experiences are essentially subjective and qualitative. In chapter 4 I consider the notions of levels of description, causal reduction and what Searle means by causation and realisation. Chapter 5 turns to the question of how to categorise Searle’s position. Many of his critics charge him with being a property dualist. By highlighting the difference between the meaning of irreducibility intended by the property dualist and Searle I show that there is sufficient difference in their use of the term so as to reject an interpretation of Biological Naturalism as a form of property dualism. Chapter 6 is where I turn to the other end of the physicalism/dualism spectrum and assess whether Searle should be seen as holding a form of identity theory. I first argue for a neutral form of identity that I call real identity, which does not include the inherent reductive privileging of standard identity. I then argue that Searle should be seen as advocating a form of real identity theory; a form of token identity theory which does not privilege the physical over the mental. In chapter 7 I return to the main barriers to making sense of Biological Naturalism which I identified in chapter 2 and lay out my response to each. I conclude with a coherent interpretation of Searle’s position.

This study mainly focuses on the emergence and utilization of communication systems in the context of joint action where collective cognitive activity is required. Dyads are given an instant messaging medium of communication where only a limited number of characters and symbols can be used for information exchange in order to collaborate on common tasks of finding objects, in a network-based interactive virtual environment (ActiveWorlds), a 3D, multi-agent, virtual reality platform. The restrictions on communication and the requirement of collaboration facilitated the creation of a lexical inventory and a minimalistic communication system, a compressed version of dyads&rsquo / shared Natural Languages (NLs). Across eight experimental sessions, two manipulations are made in order to study their effects on parameters on 4 levels of analysis: (1) Quantitative, (2) Syntactic Complexity, (3) Lexical Category and (4) Speech Act Category. The two interventions are (1) increasing the number of targets from one to two after the first three experiments, and (2) administering a two months break between the 6th and 7th-8th experiments. Increased number of target objects influenced the quantitative parameters that are related to the amount of communication as well as the use scores of lexical, syntactic, and speech act categories / however, the use ratios of several parameters were resilient under this manipulation and rather showed different trends of change characterizing the development of the system towards a more mature state in accordance with the demands of the task structure. The opposing trends of increasing use ratio of Assertive and decreasing use ratio of Directive Speech Acts and decreasing use ratios of the Type/Token Number of Lexical Items in a session, the Number of New Lexical Items in a session and increasing ratio of Turn Success are also characteristics of this maturation. The break administered between the 6th and 7th experimental session did not cause any decay in the acquired skills of using the emerged communication system. The previously negotiated strategies and acquired skills of communication as well as the trends of the use ratios of parameters were resilient. The qualitative analysis of the developing communication system revealed several strategies, including compression of NL words into new lexical items, exploiting the redundancy of characters of written words, and iconicity and indexicality of given symbols. The main drivers of the development of the new communication system appeared to be the processes of integration of communicative with behavioral action. The cognitive capacities enabling this integration and the comprehension of the utterances in the new system is explained by the Cognitive and Communicative Principles of Relevance that are attributed to a comprehension sub-module of a mind-reading module of the human cognitive system.

This thesis aims at investigating the grammatical relations in Turkish Sign Language (TiD). For this aim, word order, nominal morphology, and agreement morphology of verbs are examined. TiD lacks morphological case, but it has a very rich pronominal system like other sign languages. Verbs are classified according to their morphosyntactic features. With this classification, we can observe the effect of word order and agreement morphology on the grammatical relations. Combinatory Categorial Grammar as a lexicalized grammar encodes word order, morphological case, and agreement features in the lexicon. Hence, it has the tools for testing any lexicalized basic word order hypothesis for a language based on the gapping data. Gapping data based on grammatical judgments of native signers indicate that TiD is a verb final language. Syntactic ergativity seems to be prevailing in coordination of a transitive sentence and an intransitive sentence where the single argument of the intransitive clause or one of the arguments of the transitive clause is missing. TiD also shows a tendency for ergativity in lexical properties such as agreement and pro-drop.