The aim of the work is to shed light on the development of Lithuanian church music in the 16th and 17th century by c1arifying the influence of the reformation and the counter-reformation, and by researching Protestant and Catholic musical cultures.

Historians often describe how the ideas of national identity, race, religious affiliation, and political power greatly influenced the development of societies in colonial America. However, historians do not always make clear that these ideas did not exist independently of one another. Individuals in colonial Americans societies often conflated and incorporated one or more of these ideas with another. In other words, individuals did not always think of national identity and race and religious affiliation as independent entities. The specific case of the Reverend Morgan Godwyn illuminates just how connected these ideas were in the minds of some colonial Americans. As a minister in the Church of England, Godwyn spoke and wrote within an overtly religious context. His words, however, reveal that to him, religion and politics, national identity and race and ethnicity, could not be unpacked and viewed separately-each heavily influenced the others. Godwyn used his position as a cleric to challenge the authority of English colonial elites. He attempted to convince the English public of the necessity of reining in the growing powers of colonial elites in order to preserve the authority of the English monarch and the Church of England clergy. From studying Morgan Godwyn, one can see how complex and convoluted ideas-and simultaneously important-ideas of national identity, race, religion and political influence were in seventeenth-century colonial American societies.

The purpose of this study is to examine how English natural philosophers of the seventeenth century—in particular, Robert Boyle (1627-1691) considered and assessed the personal traits of skill and experience and the significance of these characteristics to the practice of seventeenth-century science. Boyle's writings reveal that skill and experience impacted various aspects of his seventeenth-century experimental natural philosophy, including the credibility assessment of tradesmen and eyewitnesses to natural phenomena, the contingencies involved in the making of experiments, and Boyle's statements about the requisite skills of experimental philosophy in contrast to other traditions. Subtopics explored include the popularization of science and Boyle's expectations concerning the future improvement of natural philosophy.

This diploma thesis deals with the diachronic analysis of the Town Law Book of Rokytnice situated in the Eagle Mountains. The work is divided into two parts. The first part is focused on the general introduction to the history of the city, the history of the municipal administration and urban books and the problem of the office language. The second part describes the analysed source, followed by its editorial and lexical analysis. Editorial analysis is focused on the records of purchase and payment in order to determine whether the types of text were written in a standard format. Lexical analysis is aimed at the legal terms. It was found that the unified pattern of the purchase record existed only within an individual scribe, not for the entire Town Law Book. Pattern of payment records varies even within the same scribe. From the editorial point of view it was found out that the legal terms in the law book were mainly described within the municipal administration and business terminology. On the other hand, Latin expressions were used only very rarely. KEYWORDS German Language, Historical Linguistics, Bohemia, 17th Century

Esta dissertação para obtenção do título de Mestre em História Social analisa três manuais de manejo de espadas, escritos em Portugal e Espanha entre 1580 e 1630. A partir de sua leitura conduzimos reflexões acerca da sociedade de corte, Processo Civilizador, lugar social da espada e duelos. Devido à datação dos manuais enfocamos nossas análises nos reinados Habsburgo e na Restauração de Portugal. / This dissertation for obtaining the title of Master in Social History analyses three manuals of sword handling, written in Portugal and Spain between 1580 1630. From their reading we have conducted reflections on Courtly society, Civilizing Process, social place of the sword and duels. Due to the date of the manuals we have focused our analysis on the Habsburg kingship and the Restoration of Portugal.

Cette étude est consacrée aux rapports qui existent entre Balzac et le XVIIe siècle littéraire français. Elle s’articule en trois temps : l’analyse de la sélection mémorielle, reçue et opérée par Balzac, concernant le XVIIe siècle politique et littéraire ; l’exploration détaillée des diverses modalités de présence, des usages et des fonctions assumées par le « Grand Siècle » dans La Comédie humaine ; et l’évaluation de la portée et des conséquences de la pratique, au sein de la fiction narrative en prose, d’un discours de type moraliste. Cette recherche d’une part permet d’interroger à nouveaux frais certains fondements de la poétique balzacienne. D’autre part, les différentes modalités de la réception du XVIIe siècle dans le cycle romanesque construit par Balzac entre 1829 et 1850 mettent en évidence de nouveaux circuits de lecture de La Comédie humaine grâce à l’existence de dispositifs textuels spécifiques en réseau. Enfin, ce travail montre la permanence des problèmes liés au développement du genre romanesque du XVIIe au XIXe siècle. Partant, il engage à réviser certains préjugés tenaces de l’histoire littéraire, tant à propos de Balzac qu’à l’égard du « Grand Siècle classique ». / The present study addresses the multifaceted relationships between Balzac and the French literary 17th century. It consists of three parts: first, an analysis of Balzac’s own memorial selection of 17th-century political and literary events, followed by a detailed exploration of the variety of modes of attendance, practices and functions assumed by the “Grand Siècle” in La Comédie humaine, and finally of an evaluation of the range and consequences of the development of moralist-type thinking within prose narrative fiction. First, this research work allows for a renewed questioning of some foundations of Balzacian poetics. Secondly, the different methods of reception of the 17th century in the novel cycle built by Balzac between 1829 and 1850 highlight new reading circulations of La Comédie humaine by means of specific network-type textual devices. And finally, this study shows the permanence of problems linked with the development of the genre of the novel from the 17th to the 19th century. Hence, it invites to a revision of some deep-rooted prejudice of literary history, as much about Balzac than against the “classical Grand Siècle”.

This dissertation focuses on the elements of performance that contribute to the actress's development of somatic practices. By mastering the art of articulation and vocalization, by transforming their bodies and their environment, these actors created their own agency. The female actors lived the life of the characters they portrayed, which were full of multicultural models from various social and economic classes. Somaesthetics, as a focus of sensory-aesthetic appreciation and somatic awareness, provides a pragmatic approach to understanding the unique way in which the woman of the early modern Spanish stage, while dedicating herself to the art of acting, challenged the negative cultural and social constructs imposed on her. Drawing from early modern plays and treatises on the precepts and practices of the acting process, I use somaesthetics to shed light on how the actor might have prepared for a role in a comedia, selfconsciously cultivating her body in order to meet the challenges of the stage. / by Elizabeth Marie Cruz Peterson. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Em 1668, D. Pedro assumiu o governo português, ainda como regente, devido a incapacidade de seu irmão D. Afonso VI. A conjuntura econômica, de finais do século XVII, não era favorável a Portugal. Muitas das possessões do Oriente estavam perdidas e o comércio de especiarias drasticamente reduzido, reflexo do conflito contra a República das Províncias Unidas. A Guerra da Restauração também infligiu grandes perdas aos cofres régios, mesmo com o fim das hostilidades os custos com a desmobilização das tropas foram sentidos por vários anos. O açúcar, que no início do século tinha gerado grandes lucros, sofria com a competição internacional e amargava constantes quedas nos preços. Nesse contexto de redução das receitas e aumento das despesas, medidas foram implementadas visando diversificar as fontes de rendimentos e, aumentar a eficiência dos mecanismos de controle da arrecadação de impostos, com intuito de diminuir os descaminhos das rendas régias. A aclimatação de especiarias, o fomento da economia do Maranhão, o aumento da fiscalização sobre a cultura do tabaco, estão entre as medidas empreendidas no período. A essas ações soma-se a tentativa de revitalizar a indústria açucareira. No presente trabalho pretendemos examinar se as ações implementadas no período foram fruto de um planejamento sistemático, ou, não podem ser consideradas como concorrentes, tendo sido apenas respostas as vicissitudes do período. As conclusões nos permitem afirmar, que observadas pela ótica das ideias econômicas que circulavam por Portugal no século XVII, essas reformas administrativas inseriam-se em um planejamento. / In 1668, D. Pedro assumed the Portuguese government, still as regent, due to the incapacity of his brother D. Afonso VI. The economic situation of the late seventeenth century was not favorable to Portugal. Many of the possessions of the East were lost and the trade of spices drastically reduced, reflecting the conflict against the United Provinces. The Restoration War also inflicted heavy losses on royal coffers, even with the end of hostilities the costs of demobilizing troops were felt for several years. Sugar, which at the beginning of the century had generated large profits, suffered from international competition and bitterly declined in prices. In this context of reducing revenues and increasing expenditures, measures were implemented to diversify sources of income and increase the efficiency of tax collection control mechanisms, in order to reduce the ruin of royal incomes. The acclimatization of spices, the promotion of the economy of Maranhão, and the increase in tobacco control are among the measures undertaken in the period. To these actions is added the attempt to revitalize the sugar industry. In the present work we intend to examine whether the actions implemented were not the result of a systematic planning, or, can not be considered as competitors, and were only responses to the vicissitudes of the period. The conclusions allow us to state that, observed from the perspective of the economic ideas that circulated in Portugal in the seventeenth century, these administrative reforms were part of a planning.

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Benjamin Keach (1640-1704) was a seventeenth-century preacher and hymn writer. He is considered responsible for the introduction and continued use of hymns, as distinct from psalms and paraphrases, in the English Nonconformist churches in the late seventeenth century, and is remembered as the provider of a well-rounded body of hymns for congregational worship. This thesis reviews the historical climate of seventeenth-century England, and discusses Keach's life in terms of that background. Keach's influence on congregational hymn singing, hymn writers, preaching, and education is also examined. Keach's writings and contributions to hymn singing are little known today. This thesis points out the significance of these writings and hymns to seventeenth-century religious life.