Cílem této diplomové práce je přispět k výzkumu mešní tvorby pražského skladatele Antonína Reichenauera. První dvě kapitoly zahrnují popis aktuálního stavu bádání, úvahu nad světci v dedikacích Reichenauerových mší a popis tří pražských rukopisů a jejich konkordančních opisů. Součástí úvodních kapitol je též soupis mší Antonína Reichenauera. Třetí kapitola pojednává o typu koncertantní mše a o jejích konkrétních podobách ve významných evropských hudebních centrech (vznik a vývoj druhu v Itálii a jeho podoba ve Vídni, Drážďanech a Praze). Poslední kapitola je stylovou analýzou jednotlivých složek Reichenauerova mešního kompozičního stylu. Vybrané Reichenauerovy mše jsou konfrontovány se skladbami benátských, neapolských, vídeňských a drážďanských autorů, celá analýza je pokusem o vymezení některých individuálních/společných rysů Reichenauerovy tvorby a tvorby jeho současníků působících ve zmíněných centrech. Klíčová slova: Antonín Reichenauer, Praha, rukopis, pramen, mše, 18. století Abstract The goal of this diploma thesis is to contribute to the Antonín Reichenauer's mass compositions research. The first two chapters deal with current state of research, saints in Reichenauer's mass compositions dedications and description of three Prague musical sources and its concordance manuscripts. These...

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Historia. / Acerca de la esclavitud africana en Chile a fines del período colonial. En los últimos años ha habido una verdadera renovación en el ambiente académico de investigaciones sobre la época colonial chilena. Diversos trabajos enfrentan el debate historiográfico con nuevas perspectivas teóricas e interdisciplinarias que exploran variedad de temas que tratan sobre las principales directrices que demarcaron los procesos políticos, económicos y culturales a lo largo del amplio marco temporal de casi tres siglos. De este modo que, tanto en lo institucional como en lo cotidiano, con distintos enfoques se intenta reconstruir sujetos, ámbitos, condiciones y prácticas de la vida social del período.1 Por este motivo, aún cuando faltasen infinidad de temáticas por tratar en este interesante y aún no del todo investigado campo de estudios históricos, decidí dedicarme al objeto de conocer y explicar algunos procesos de mestizaje que articularon socialmente a la población africana residente en Chile tardo colonial.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important and powerful nuclear imaging modality and is essential in a range of medical fields. A suitable radiotracer must be identified in order for PET imaging to provide high quality and quantifiable data about the pathology. This includes the design and implementation of optimal radiochemistry that will reliably deliver the radiotracer that can answer the pertinent biological questions being asked. PET can be used to study the biological processes which are involved in pain perception and inflammatory responses that can occur in a number of chronic and acute conditions. This thesis aims to demonstrate how PET radiochemistry can enhance our knowledge of these biological processes and permits access to the underlying molecular mechanisms behind pain and inflammation. This thesis has been written in an alternative format, comprising the different areas which have been investigated. The work encompasses the study of the endogenous opioid system using the opioid receptor antagonist [11C]diprenorphine. This includes the design and automation of [11C]diprenorphine radiochemistry followed by the development of a method to reliably analyse its metabolism. Finally the application of [11C]diprenorphine in a clinical PET study, investigating opioid receptor occupancy by endogenous opioids as well as up-regulation of opioid receptors in the brain, is described. In the study of inflammation a pro-inflammatory cytokine, recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1RA), was radiolabelled with novel 18F radiochemistry permitting pharmacokinetic study in pre-clinical models. This is followed by the design of a new technique to radiolabel white blood cells with 89Zr for quantifiable cell trafficking with PET. For this technique, chitosan nanoparticles are used to deliver the radio-metal cargo into white blood cells with a proposed application in inflammatory models. The process of chitosan nanoparticle construction is described alongside development of a procedure that is optimised for use in the proposed application. This thesis covers a variety of topics illustrating the contribution of PET radiochemistry in the area of pain and inflammation. The synergy between identification of new biological targets and development of radiotracers and radiolabelling strategies ensure PET radiochemistry will continue to contribute to our knowledge of pain and inflammation and aid understanding of its role in countless medical conditions.

v anglickém jazyce The study of sources related to the folk provenance is often in terms of the Czech historiography a neglected issue. Especially the research of folk chronicles has reached the utmost boom in the middle of the nineteenth century and then also in the interwar years. Nowadays, the study does not attract much attention. Therefore, the aim of this work is to capture and systematize the existing knowledge on this subject. Moreover, it is necessary to emphasize and show some other possibilities of dealing with these particular sources because they are valuable work for contemporary historiographical studies such as microhistorical and cultural anthropological research. Although one might think that these annals have rather a small informative value for the traditional political historical events, they offer an interesting insight into everyday life of ordinary people living in the countryside those days. This fact can definitely help one understand traditions as it also represents tendencies and trends in attitudes and behaviour of the rural society those days. The main purpose of the thesis is to consider what motivated folk authors to note down their stories and experience in chronicles. The alarming fact is that the post-war historiography has caused a lot of confusion over the true...

Children in Sweden between zero and six years are offered regular health and developmental check-ups at the Child Health Centre (CHC). One of these check-ups, when the child is 18 months old includes a speech-language check-up. Today, the check-up is not evidence-based. Therefore, the parent questionnaire Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) was introduced in Uppsala county in the check-up at 18 months. The aim of the study was to explore how nurses at the CHC experienced the questionnaire and to get an understanding of how the method functioned in the CHC. The participants were recruited from four Child Health Centres with different catchment areas. The method was qualitative with semi-structured interviews in three focus groups. The interviews were transcribed and the analysis was conducted using systematic text condensation. The analysis resulted in four over all themes addressing the nurses' experiences with the new method. The results indicated that the questionnaire seemed to empower both parents and nurses. The nurses considered that the questionnaire worked as a basis for referral. The questionnaire was also perceived as making parents more aware and involved. The results also indicated that the questionnaire was seen as a useful tool but need to be modified to reach more families. Barn i Sverige mellan noll och sex år erbjuds återkommande hälsobedömningar på barnavårdscentralen (BVC). En av dessa bedömningar sker vid 18 månader då det bland annat görs en språklig bedömning. Som det ser ut idag finns ingen evidens för att den språkliga bedömningen i dess nuvarande utformning främjar sitt syfte. Till följd av detta har man i Uppsala län prövat föräldraformuläret Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) vid 18- månaderbesöket. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskorna upplevde formuläret ITC samt få en förståelse för hur metoden fungerade i barnhälsovårdens verksamhet. Fjorton deltagare rekryterades från fyra barnavårdscentraler i Uppsala län med varierande upptagningsområden. Studien använde kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades med systematisk textkondensering. Analysen resulterade i fyra övergripande teman som berörde BVC-sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av den nya metoden. Resultatet visade att formuläret upplevdes stärka både föräldrar och sjuksköterskor. BVC-sjuksköterskorna ansåg att formuläret gav dem underlag för remittering och att föräldrarna upplevdes bli mer delaktiga och medvetna. Vidare indikerade resultatet att formuläret ansågs vara ett användbart verktyg men att det behövde modifieras för att kunna nå ut till fler familjer.

Seminario de grado: Afrodescendientes en los países andinos. Integración de los africanos y sus descendientes en el Reino de Chile. Informe para optar al grado de Licenciada en Historia. / Las huellas de la esclavitud africana en Hispanoamérica siguen estando profundamente arraigadas en la historia de las naciones que conforman este vasto espacio de tierra. En algunos lugares se han transformado en la bandera de lucha de grupos socialmente excluidos y en otros, como es el caso de Chile, continúan hundidas en el silencio como parte del anecdotario nacional. La captura, el dolor, la contradicción y la furia de un sistema esclavista que mantuvo a millones de africanos cautivos y subyugados en plantaciones, ingenios azucareros, minas, haciendas y ciudades; han quedado abrigadas en la memoria colectiva americana por más de trescientos años. La pintura, la música, el teatro, la literatura, la danza y las tradiciones culinarias se han teñido de África, dejando entrever el camino que recorrieron estos sujetos por las sendas de la dominación y la injusticia en nuestro territorio. Paradojalmente, rimas, imágenes, sonidos, ritmos y sabores, han aportado gran cantidad de alegría y color a los sentidos de nuestra América hispana. Los rastros de aquellos africanos se han plasmado en las culturas que identifican a los pueblos y gentes de Hispanoamérica, colmándolas de poesías, músicas y expresiones heredadas de África. Por cierto, nuestro país tampoco estuvo exento de recibir parte de aquel caudal de influencia social y cultural que generó la experiencia africana en nuestras tierras, mientras se incorporaban, paulatina y silenciosamente, al entramado de los sectores inferiores de la sociedad colonial. Aquel grupo humano, abigarrado, diverso y continuamente en expansión: la plebe. Lentamente y al correr de los siglos, se poblaron cerros mineros, haciendas campesinas, ciudades coloniales y el puerto de Valparaíso, con la presencia de los africanos y sus descendientes.

In this thesis deals with the issue of prohibition of alcohol. At the beginning of the work are discussed theoretical approaches to the prohibition of alcohol across the major authors of the economic community . Then I deal with the prohibitive measures in several countries. In these two examples, a detailed study of the causes , course and consequences of prohibitive measures are implemented . For example serves two major experiments in this area , is the first of Prohibition in the United States of America (USA) , second prohibition is almost unknown in Tsarist Russia, respectively . in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR). At work I have carried out a detailed study of the causes of prohibition in relation to the U.S. when I consider the prohibition of the years 1920-1933 for determining the direction of the legislative creation of Americans that influences the legislative power to this day. In the case of Prohibition in Russian countries I concentrated course , because unlike Prohibition in the U.S. was an administrative directive measures. In my work, I have proved that prohibitive measures nationwide scope of the pre- reliant to fail if they are not accepted by the general public . Under other circumstances, lead to circumvention of the law and the growth of crime. I am also on the basis of the findings refute the commonly accepted view that the prohibition in the USA in the years 1920-1933 was an absolute failure. The failure was undoubtedly related to the political point of view , however, if one takes into account the health impact on society, according to statistics reported for 1933. Prohibition changed the culture of the society as alcohol consumption , when the company moved from the bars and streets of privacy. Repeal of Prohibition was a logical step in the new circumstances on the 1930s

Orientador: Dimas Tadeu Covas / Banca: José Orlando Bordin / Banca: Carmino Antônio de Souza / Banca: Orlando Castro e Silva Júnior / Banca: Aparecida Maria Fontes / Resumo: Alguns trabalhos realizados recentemente relatam que as células-tronco mesenquimais (CTM) podem ser induzidas à aquisição de marcadores hepatocíticos pelo transplante em modelos animais de dano hepático, ou pelo cultivo in vitro com fatores de crescimento e citocinas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento das CTM frente à indução da diferenciação hepatocítica. As CTM foram isoladas da medula óssea de quatro doadores saudáveis, caracterizadas e submetidas ao protocolo de indução à diferenciação hepatocítica in vitro e in vivo. As células induzidas in vitro apresentaram mudanças na sua morfologia, mostrando a morfologia semelhante à do hepatócito, porém, o perfil imunofenotípico não foi modificado. As células induzidas também não apresentaram o aumento dos transcritos de albumina, citoqueratina 18 e citoqueratina 19 quando analisadas por RT-PCR em tempo real, e não alteraram a expressão de albumina, citoqueratina 18 e alfafetoproteína como demonstrado por imunofluorescência. Quando analisadas in vivo, as CTM demonstraram o potencial migratório para o tecido hepático danificado de camundongos imunodeficientes. Em conjunto, os resultados sugerem que as CTM da medula óssea não são capazes de se diferenciar em hepatócitos quando estimuladas in vitro pela metodologia utilizado neste trabalho, mas são capazes de migrar para o tecido hepático danificado in vivo, o que sugere o seu papel no reparo do fígado. A contribuição para o reparo pode estar associada com o efeito parácrino dessas células. / Abstract: Some recently works have been reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be induced to the acquisition of hepatocytic markers for the transplant in animal models of liver damage, or for the in vitro culture with growth factors and cytokines. The present work aim is to evaluate the behavior of the MSC in front of the induction of the hepatocytic differentiation. The MSC was isolated from the bone morrow of 4 normal donators, characterized and submitted to the protocol of in vitro and in vivo induction of hepatocytic differentiation. The in vitro induced cells showed morphology changes acquiring hepatocytes-like morphology. However, the immunophenotypic profile of those cells was not modified. The induced cells did not present increase of the albumin, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 19 transcripts, when analyzed by real time RTPCR. The expression of albumin, cytokeratin 18 and alpha foetoprotein was also not modified as demonstrated by immunofluorescence. In vivo, the MSC have demonstrated the migratory potential for the damaged liver of immunodeficient mice. Together, the results suggest that the bone morrow MSC are not capable of in vitro hepatocytic differentiating according to the approach in this work, but are capable to homming into damaged hepatic tissue in vivo. This migration capacity suggests their role in the repair mechanisms. / Doutor

Orientador: Daniela Ponce / Resumo: A prevalência da Lesão Renal Aguda (LRA) associada ao uso da vancomicina é muito variável e diferentes fatores relacionados ao paciente e ao tratamento (tempo e dose) podem potencializar a ocorrência da nefrotoxicidade. Estudos relacionaram o desempenho de biomarcadores urinários como preditores diagnósticos e prognósticos de LRA na insuficiência cardíaca (ICC), no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca e na sepse, porém, pouco se sabe sobre o desempenho dos novos biomarcadores na LRA associada ao uso da vancomicina. / Abstract: The prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) related to vancomycin is variable and different risk factors related to the patient and the treatment (time and dose) may potentiate the occurrence of nephrotoxicity. Studies related the performance of urinary biomarkers as predictors of diagnostic and prognostic AKI in congestive heart failure (CHF), in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery and in sepsis, however, little is known about the performance of the new urinary biomarkers in vancomycin related AKI. / Mestre

The work deals with the analog design of low-voltage and low-power differential difference amplifier DDA with adaptive differential input stage, second stage class AB, improved by a self – cascode to achieve higher gain and slew rate. Conventional and unconventional techniques, and methods for low-voltage and low-power design are presented. The finished design of the differential difference amplifier DDA with the analyzed results is presented. Design of a Butterwortho low-pass filter of the sixth order based on DDA with Sallen Key topology and design of a multifunctional ARC filter based on DDA.