Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis is an attempt to understand the role of nuclear weapons in Britain's defence and foreign policies. It works from the assumption that decisions in relation to nuclear weapons, can only be understood in the context of a broader overview of the British state's policies since the 1940's. In turn Britain's nuclear policies have made a decisive impact on defence policy as a whole and have had an important effect on international developments. It is hoped that this thesis will contribute to a better-understanding of the causes and effects of the nuclear weapons policies adopted by the UK since the 19401s. The thesis will focus on the politics and political economy of nuclear weapons and British defence policy. This central concern has required that a number of other important aspects of the subject have been given only peripheral consideration. The thesis does not attempt to provide a detailed technological history of Britain's nuclear force. Nor is it intended to provide particular new insights on the nuclear decisionmaking process. Rather it seeks to explore the underlying factors which have shaped both the technology and the perceptions of decision-makers. There is no shortage of historical accounts of Britain's nuclear force. The unique contribution which it is hoped that this thesis makes, however, does not lie so much in its subject matter as in the way that this subject matter is approached. In my view that approach is sufficiently different from those of previous works in this area as to be both original and of some interest to other scholars in this field. / Rowntrees Memorial Trust

The first two chapters examine the party's policy towards the wage-stop and the poverty trap. Until 1963 the party ignored the wage-stop but from then until 1975 a section of the party campaigned against the regulation expressing moral revulsion and concern about its administration but only rarely opposition to the principle. A Labour government removed the stop when its operation affected only a tiny minority of families. The party was quickly involved in the development of the poverty trap debate being particularly drawn to its disincentive characteristics, but Labour governments, like their Conservative counterparts, soon came to regard the idea as a mere statistical abstraction. After confirming the party's historical ambivalence about Family Allowances the thesis demonstrated that whenever it advocated allowances it did so because it believed the programme would alleviate family poverty rather than augment work incentives. However Labour governments consistently upheld the principle of substitutability, thus conferring de facto support on that less-eligibility dimension of Family Allowances which Macnicol has established informed the coalition government's decision to legislate for the programme in 1945. Despite the party's opposition to Family Income Supplement it became an important element in the Labour government's anti-poverty strategy after the Child Benefits debate in 1976. F.I.S. was criticised because of its contribution to the poverty trap and its potential for assisting in the pauperisation of the low paid, while Child Benefit was supported because it appeared to be a more equitable technique of delivering support to families with dependent children although some in the party were sensitive to the scheme's potential link with improved work incentives. In general, the Labour Party is seen to have failed to develop any coherent and sustained alternative to the ideas and programmes of its political opponents in this critical area of social policy.

No description available.

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013

M.S.

M.S.

M.S.

The desulfurizing powers of aplite, aplite-soda ash mixtures, and aplite-dehydrated lime combinations when added to a ladle of cast iron were tested. Ladle conditions were simulated by melting cast iron in a crucible and introducing the reagent mixtures into the molten metal by means of a cast iron cup and steel rod. It was found that in every case the desulfurizlng power was appreciably below that of soda ash and did not warrant testing the mixture to determine its effect upon the corrosion of ladle refractory linings. / Master of Science

Soils in the area studied seemed to be a determining factor in land class. With very few exceptions the land of Class IV was found to consist mainly of alluvial soils, lying along Little River. Classes I and II combined, and Class III lands were found in some cases along Little River but these areas were dominated by cliffs, woods, and untillable land, and included relatively little alluvial soil. Rock outcroppings in the hilly soils were noticeable on most of the land of Classes I, II, and III. Farm management data alone provide insufficient information for an adequate classification of the land. A personal investigation in conjunction with farm management data will tend to improve the classification. Value and condition of buildings are an important factor in classifying land but too much importance should not be attached to this factor, especially in areas where lumber is relatively plentiful, as was the case in Floyd County. It seems, from the results of this study, that when the value and condition of buildings are used in the classification of land that the tenure of the operator should be taken into consideration. To attempt a land classification project without topographical and soil maps may easily result in many errors unless reliable farm management data be supplemented with information obtained by careful personal investigation. It is thought that on the basis of the procedure followed in this study a dependable classification is possible. However, the use of such maps should reduce considerably the difficulty and cost of making an adequate classification. / Master of Science