Orientador: Michael MacDonald Hall / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T08:49:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_LilianaBuenodosReis_D.pdf: 10355694 bytes, checksum: 6c13cd474e6cd0e9ca6fe56226210533 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo está fundamentado na organização do trabalho nas oficinas da Companhia Paulista de Estrada de Ferro, localizada na cidade de Rio Claro, Estado de São Paulo, nas décadas de 1930-1940. Visa o resgate da implantação pela ferrovia, já a partir de 1928, com a Reforma Administrativa, dos métodos de racionalização fundados nos princípios tayloristas de organização do trabalho. Esta reconstituição foi obtida através dos depoimentos dados pelos ferroviários e o que vai emergir é a forma como se encontra organizado o trabalho e a vida operária dentro de uma indústria metalúrgica inserida no contexto da ferrovia. A história que emerge é a história da vida e do trabalho dos ferroviários, ao se submeterem às normas rígidas de controle e opressão. Estas surgem em defesa da margem de eficiência e de organização espelhada pela ferrovia no período analisado. O resultado é a aceitação das normas disciplinares e o desenvolvimento de um sentimento arraigado pela ferrovia: o orgulho de pertencer à mesma e de ser ferroviário. A ideologia do trabalho, incutida pela Companhia Paulista de Estrada de Ferro nos ferroviários, foi tão intensa que chegou a moldar-lhes a visão de mundo, resultando em indivíduos que pouco fizeram para reverter essa situação. Entretanto, através de seu silêncio, eles manifestaram seus ressentimentos contra a opressão das normas, mostrando sua resistência em seus atos e em suas falas. O seu universo foi, porém, o mundo do trabalho e do engrandecimento da ferrovia. Nessa reconstituição vieram à tona vários elementos: o café, a ferrovia e o papel de ambos para o desenvolvimento da cidade de Rio Claro como centro urbano e ferroviário, chegando inclusive a ser conhecida como a "cidade ferroviária". Estes elementos são de suma importância, pois deram o suporte necessário para que as oficinas da Companhia Paulista alcançassem, nas décadas de 30 e 40, uma importância significativa, desenvolvendo e implantando a racionalidade capitalista via princípios tayloristas de administração cientifica. / Abstract: The objective of this work is based on a study of the work organization in the Companhia Paulista de Estrada de Ferro located in the city of Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, in the decade of 1930-1940. It's aim is the recovery of the implantation by the railroad, with the Administration Reform after 1928, of the racionalization methods founded on the taylorist principles of work organization. This reconstitution was obtained through statements given by railroad workers. What is going to emerge is the form in which work is presently organized in the life of workers within a metalworker's industry inserted in the railroad context. The story that emerges is the history of the life and work of the railroad workman as submitted to rigid norms of control and oppression. These norms arise in defense of the margin of efficiency and of organization mirrored by the railroad in the period analysed. The result was a complete acceptance of the disciplinary norms and the development of an ingrained feeling for the railroad, as well as a feeling of pride belonging to it and of being a railroad worker. The ideology of work impressed upon the workers by the Companhia Paulista de Estrada de Ferro was so intense that it molded the world vision of its workers. As a result, they became depoliticized individuaIs who did nothing to turn around this situation. However, through their silence, they manifest their resentment against the oppression of the rules, showing ways of resistance in their acts and statements. The world of the worker is the world of work and of making the railroad company powerful and famous. In this historical reconstruction, several elements come to the surface: coffee, railroad and the role of both in the development of the city of Rio Claro as an urban and railroad center. It even become known as the "railroad city". These elements are of great importance because they gave the necessary support for the Companhia Paulista de Estrada de Ferro to reach a significant importance in the 1930s and 1940s, developing and implanting the capitalist rationale by Taylorist principles of scientific administration. / Doutorado / Doutor em História

This thesis is based upon the perspective of the holiday law introduced in 1938. This law gave many Swedes the right to two weeks paid vacation, which previously not all had. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the holiday was reflected in advertising during the 30-40s in connection with the introduction of the holiday act in a smaller daily newspaper. This daily newspaper is Jönköpings-Posten. By examining a ten-year period between 1938 and 1947 in the month of June, we can see how the advertising regarding holidays has been developed and produced. In connection with the introduction of the Holiday Act in 1938, advertisements for holidays increased dramatically during these ten years. In addition to an increase in the number of advertisements, we also see how society affects how these advertisements are presented. The holiday should be used in the best possible way and not be wasted. Recreation and learning would be combined and, in this way, optimize what the person would get out of their leisure time or holiday.

Syftet med denna undersökning var att få en inblick på hur vilka åtgärder Västra Frölundas nykterhetsnämnd tog för att motarbeta alkoholism, hur dess verksamhet bedrevs samt hur alkoholismens utveckling inom Västra Frölundas kom såg ut mellan 1928–1944. Arbetet skulle genomföras med hjälp av en kvalitativ studie som redogjorde de åtgärder nämnden gjorde och hur verksamheten fungerade, och en kvantitativ studie gjordes för att ge en bild på hur alkoholismens utveckling i Västra Frölunda mellan 1928–1944 såg ut. Materialet var i huvudsak bestående av nämndens protokollshandlingar. Vad undersökningen visade var att nämnden vidtog särskilda åtgärder beroende på omständigheterna nämnden vad ställd inför. Från tilldelandet av varningar till beslutandet av att internera alkoholmissbrukare på alkoholistanstalt, mängden av åtgärder som nämnden vidtog för att motarbeta alkoholismen avgjordes beroende på vad nämnden ansåg vara nödvändigt. Vad utvecklingen mellan 1928–1944 visade så förbättrades nämndens verksamhet när det kom till deras kapital, organisation och personal. Alkoholismens utveckling i Västra Frölunda visar på att det inte finns en tydlig trend för hela perioden 1928–1944, utan trenden skiftar mellan åren. Vad som noterades var det låga antalet av fyllerifall för åren mellan 1928–1931 och det höga antalet fyllerifall för 1932 och framåt.

Performance issues related to Soli by Carlos Chávez and Two Little Serious Pieces by Silvestre Revueltas. Chapters one and two provide a brief biography of each composer. Chapter three is an examination of their musical style and the influence that indigenous Indian music, popular music and nationalism had on their styles. Chapter four provides an investigation of Soli by Carlos Chávez, a chamber piece written for oboe, B-flat clarinet, bassoon and B-flat trumpet. Chapter five offers an examination of Two Little Serious Pieces by Silvestre Revueltas, a wind quintet for piccolo, oboe, C trumpet, B-flat clarinet and baritone saxophone. Chapters four and five contain an analysis of these pieces with regard to melodic and harmonic material, tonality, texture, range, phrase structure and form. Performance issues, such as tempo, dynamics, articulation, rhythm and style are likewise addressed with the result being an interpretive analysis of each piece. The final chapter offers a comparative analysis of Soli and Two Little Serious Pieces relative to the topics discussed in chapters four and five.

Among slaughterhouses and suffragists—writers of the American Modernist movement were called to the creative task of reimagining boundaries between human and nonhuman while also extending this conversation onto the site of “New Women.” The threat to “civilized man” by “primal nonhuman animal” becomes tied up with the threat of an independent “wild” woman to a system which traditionally depends upon her domestication. Female animality in modernist texts thus emerges as a symbol of both masculine anxiety and feminine liberation. When women begin to challenge traditional institutions which would see her survive exclusively by contract to a male “keeper,” men become increasingly desperate to establish an apex social, economic, and political position. As such, female animality in these texts is designed to reinforce or resist standard constructs of human/nonhuman and masculine/feminine, yet both assert the feminine-animal-character as a hybrid commodity bred for patriarchal consumption. Despite the heteronormative compulsion to sketch woman as an elusive animal to be hunted (courtship), caged (marriage), and kept (children)—there is also an advantage in recognizing one’s place in such a “jungle,” as scholars have often described progressive-era America. By examining the intersection of animality and feminist theory within modernist literature, it becomes clear that the category of nonhuman animal is one historically manipulated through patriarchal systems to delegate women’s bodies as a site of oppression and subordination. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The principles of war are often used to describe the essential parts of warfare. There is however a discussion regarding what purpose they are supposed to have, what role they shall play or even how many principles there are. The military theorist Antoine-Henri Jomini stated that there was one fundamental principle: the principle of concentration of forces. Is this however true, and is Jomini’s theory still valid? The purpose of the thesis is to examine whether his theory is valid on cases from after Jomini’s career and to examine whether the principle of concentration of forces should be considered as one of the principles of war. The theory is tested on the Ardennes offensive in 1940, and Operation Overlord in 1944. The result of the examination shows that concentration of forces was one of the reasons that the examined cases were successful, but not the only one. As a result of this the theory that Jomini stated may be regarded as partly, but not fully valid. It also indicates that the principle of concentration of forces very well could qualify to be considered as one of the principles of war.

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A life without freedom, what is that? This question was stated in a letter from a man institutionalized at one of Sweden’s mental asylums in the 1940s. It is also the title of this essay which explores the life and experiences of institutionalized individuals during 1941–1949. This analysis is based on letters they wrote to the Swedish author Astrid Väring who published her first book regarding the psychiatric care system I som här inträden (1944). Her book was a novel, which yielded great public interest and a year later was adapted for the screen. This led to people starting to write letters to Väring telling her about their stories from inside of the mental healthcare system. These letters constitute the basis for the results of this essay which aims to provide new knowledge on people’s experiences of institutionalization as expressed by their own words. The analysis is a part of the disability history field and a contribution to the critical study of the Swedish Folkhem. Based on both quantitative and qualitative methods, the letters and their contents tell us about those writing these letters and their experiences during, before and after confinement. The results from quantitative analysis of in total 404 letters out of which 207 are subject to in-depth study show that the majority of them were written by men and by people having experienced the mental health care system. Relatives to them, healthcare professionals and individuals without any connection to this system are also found among those writing letters to Väring. From these letters we learn of the abuse inmates endured during their institutionalization both physically and psychologically. Their lives before confinement and the reasons behind it are also focused on. Social friction with people in their surroundings, criminal offenses, and voluntary care exemplify some explanations to their confinement. The stories they share about their life upon release are defined by a sense of fear, persecution, and a loss of property, social networks and sense of security, in addition to a fear of being confined yet again or meeting those who once caused their incarceration. In all, the letters can be seen as a protest against the entire health care system they were faced with, which further reflects the helplessness and frustration they felt regarding their life and situation.

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