Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-03T13:47:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaDaCostaBatista_DISSERT.pdf: 1053668 bytes, checksum: 5c4f71a4d8df7785a6c97c28e7c42fe7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-07T14:38:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaDaCostaBatista_DISSERT.pdf: 1053668 bytes, checksum: 5c4f71a4d8df7785a6c97c28e7c42fe7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-07T14:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaDaCostaBatista_DISSERT.pdf: 1053668 bytes, checksum: 5c4f71a4d8df7785a6c97c28e7c42fe7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Agrot?xicos s?o cotidianamente dispostos no meio ambiente atrav?s do uso indiscriminado em lavouras, elimina??o de esgoto bruto e efluentes de esta??es de tratamento, causando danos ? biota aqu?tica e terrestre. Formas de degrada??o que possibilitam a elimina??o completa destes poluentes, que agem oxidando-os a subst?ncias at?xicas, foram tema de investiga??o do presente trabalho. Os processos de oxida??o avan?ada (POAs) s?o apontados como uma inovadora tecnologia com potencial de obter excelentes resultados na oxida??o de subst?ncias org?nicas complexas, pois possibilitam a completa degrada??o de subst?ncias org?nicas oxidando-as a g?s carb?nico, ?gua e ?ons inorg?nicos ou possibilitam a transforma??o de subst?ncias complexas em outras mais biodegrad?veis. No presente trabalho estudamos a viabilidade dos POAs foto-Fenton e sistema UV/H2O2, assim como a fotodegrada??o por radia??o ultravioleta em tr?s pesticidas, sendo eles o 2,4-D (?cido 2,4-diclorofen?xiac?tico), o MSMA (Metilarsenato monoss?dico), e o Glifosato (N-fosfometil glicina). Foi observada a influ?ncia da varia??o de per?xido de hidrog?nio nas taxas de degrada??o dos processos estudados, assim como a efici?ncia da fotodegrada??o por luz UV. Em s?ntese, os melhores resultados se deram para o 2,4-D na concentra??o de 20 mg/L de per?xido de hidrog?nio atingindo aproximadamente 100% de degrada??o nos primeiros 60 minutos de ensaio e glifosato nos tr?s ensaios realizados, sendo o de propor??o [C] [OH-] [1]:[1] o mais efetivo em termos de taxa de degrada??o. Os experimentos apresentaram resultados de degrada??o importantes conferindo efetividade aos processos de oxida??o avan?ada estudados. / Agrochemicals are everyday in the environment by eliminating raw sewage, effluent from treatment plants and indiscriminate use in crops, causing damage to the aquatic and terrestrial biota. Forms of degradation that allow a complete elimination of these pollutants, which act by oxidizing them to substances in the subject, were the subject of research of the present work. Advanced oxidation methods (POAs) emerge as a new technology with the potential to obtain excellent results in the oxidation of complex organic substances, as they allow the complete degradation of organic substances by oxidizing them like carbon dioxide, water and inorganic ions or enabling a transformation of substances Complex in other more biodegradable. There is no work to study the feasibility of photo-Fenton POAs and UV / H2O2 system, as well as ultraviolet photodegradation in three pesticides, 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), MSMA (Monosodium methylarsenate ), and Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine). It was observed an influence of the hydrogen peroxide variation in the degradation rates of the studied processes, as well as an update of the photodegradation by UV light. Second, the best results were for 2,4-D at the concentration of 20 mg / L of hydrogen peroxide in approximately 100% degradation in the first 60 minutes of the test and glyphosate in the three tests carried out, [C] [OH-] [1]: [1] the most effective in terms of rate of degradation. The experiments showed important degradation results, giving effectiveness to the oxidation processes.

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No description available.

In vitro micropropagation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by using direct and indirect organogenesis was the aim of this study. Also, the effect of plant growth regulators on growth parameters, such as corm production, sprouting time and germination ratio were investigated in ex vitro conditions. For in vitro regeneration of saffron, the effects of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) were tested initially. It was observed that 0,25 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L BAP combination was superior for indirect organogenesis while 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L BAP combination was favorable for direct organogenesis. During the improvement of direct organogenesis experiments, BAP (1 mg/L) without 2,4-D stimulated further shoot development. For adventitious corm and root induction, NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) and BAP combinations were tested. Although a few corm formations were achieved, root development was not observed with these treatments. Further experiments with the culture medium supplemented with 1 mg/L IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and 5% sucrose was effective on obtaining contractile root formation and increasing corm number. As a result, the overall efficiency was calculated as 59.26% for contractile root formation, 35.19% for corm formation and 100% for shoot development. In ex vitro studies, 50 mg/L IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) , 50 mg/L kinetin and 200 mg/L GA3 (gibberellic acid) were used. These applications were not as efficient as expected on assessed growth parameters.

<p>Herbicide-resistant weed populations have become problematic throughout the Eastern Corn Belt, with 18 unique herbicide-resistant weed biotypes confirmed in Indiana alone. In response to these resistant populations, the agricultural chemical industry has responded by developing glyphosate-resistant crops paired with resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides such as dicamba and 2,4-D.</p><p>This research evaluates weed population shifts in cropping systems using row crops that are resistant to synthetic auxin herbicides. Identifying weed population shifts will allow future research to be targeted to weed species that would become more prevalent in cropping systems using synthetic auxin-resistant crops. The use of multiple sites of action will be needed in order to prevent weed shifts in both conventional and no-till corn-soybean production systems. Weed densities and species richness were reduced within field evaluations when six or more herbicide sites of action were implemented with residual herbicides in both corn and soybean years over a seven-year period. Additionally, soil seedbank weed densities and species richness were reduced within 2,4-D-resistant soybean production systems. Additional strategies other than the application of herbicides may be needed to manage weed populations in the future due to the high levels of herbicide-resistant weed populations in the Midwest.</p><p>Off-target movement of these synthetic auxin herbicides, has been a concern, and label-mandated buffer areas are required near sensitive areas. Investigation of whether cover crops can be an effective tactic in managing weeds in these label-mandated buffer areas was conducted. Cover crop utilization in buffer areas has not been investigated in Indiana. Additionally, termination timing is becoming more prominent as farm operators are increasingly terminating cover crops after planting. Our results demonstrate that using cover crops that utilize cereal rye and that are terminated at, or after the time of soybean planting will be beneficial in suppressing waterhemp, grasses, and sometimes horseweed within label-mandated buffer areas, but not for suppression of giant ragweed. However, delaying termination of cover crops can result in soybean yield reductions and caution should be used. Terminating cover crops with glyphosate and auxin and a residual herbicide was more effective than glyphosate alone, but would not be permitted within label-mandated buffer areas.L</p>

Phytohormone auxin plays an important role in regulating plant development. Directional (polar) cell-to-cell auxin transport creates auxin gradients within plant tissues, which trigger a specific developmental response. The vast majority of available data concerns angiosperms. Lower land plants have been much less explored in this regard, but the important auxin-related mechanisms (including polar auxin transport) are already present in mosses. To uncover the origins of auxin action, one must focus on green algae, especially of clade Streptophyta, which are the direct ancestors of all land plants. In this study, the possible effects of auxins, both native and synthetic, were investigated on two algae: basal, unicellular Chlorella lobophora and advanced, filamentous Spirogyra sp. The latter received comparably more attention, since it belongs to a clade now acknowledged as a sister group to land plants. Chlorella lobophora culture growth was irresponsive to synthetic auxin NAA. The average Spirogyra sp. cell length was, however, changed by auxins at high concentrations. By conducting accumulation assays of radioactively labelled auxins and HPLC analysis, auxin metabolism and transport was investigated in Spirogyra sp. This alga was able to metabolize the plant-native IAA, but not synthetic auxins...

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-12-18T18:25:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T17:13:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T17:13:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O agricultor deve adequar-se ?s exig?ncias da nova legisla??o ambiental brasileira, quanto ? recupera??o de ?reas de preserva??o permanente e reserva legal. Um dos problemas que o produtor pode enfrentar ? a recupera??o de ?reas degradadas, que podem conter, entre outros contaminantes, res?duos de herbicidas. O 2,4-D e picloram s?o herbicidas hormonais mimetizadores de auxina. Entre os grupos vegetais, as esp?cies das matas ciliares t?m sido pouco relatadas quanto aos efeitos de res?duos desses herbicidas no ambiente. As an?lises micromorfol?gicas e micromorfom?tricas s?o ferramentas importantes no aux?lio do diagn?stico precoce da inj?ria, visto que modifica??es vis?veis podem aparecer em fase tardia da intoxica??o. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de dez esp?cies arb?reas em substrato com res?duos da mistura de herbicidas 2,4-D+picloram e verificar os efeitos nas modifica??es anat?micas foliares de Mabea fistulifera e Zeyheria tuberculosa. Em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com tr?s repeti??es, foram distribu?dos 40 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 4x10. O primeiro fator foi composto por quatro doses da mistura comercial de 2,4-D+picloram correspondentes a 0,00; 0,166; 0,333 e 0,666 g ha-1 (Tordon?, contendo 240 g de 2,4-D e 64 g de picloram por litro). O segundo fator foi composto por dez esp?cies arb?reas: Machaerium opacum Vogel, Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth., Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrad. ex DC., Senna macranthera (DC. ex. Collad.) H.S. Irwin e Barnaby, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.), Brenan, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton e Rose, Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Dalbergia villosa (Benth.) Benth., Mabea fistulifera Mart. e Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell) Bureau ex Verl. Avalia??es morfol?gicas e anat?micas em plantas jovens foram realizadas conforme a metodologia padr?o. Para as vari?veis morfol?gicas das dez esp?cies arb?reas foram avaliados: intoxica??o, sobreviv?ncia, altura das pl?ntulas, n?mero de folhas, ?rea foliar, massa seca da parte a?rea e da raiz, di?metro do caule, o volume da raiz, o ?ndice de velocidade de emerg?ncia e a emerg?ncia. Por meio de avalia??es micromorfom?tricas foram medidas, na sec??o transversal das folhas de Mabea fistulifera e Zeyheria tuberculosa, a espessura dos tecidos, a epiderme adaxial e abaxial, par?nquima pali??dico e lacunoso, al?m da l?mina total. Para a ?rea foliar foram realizadas fotografias das folhas e mensuradas com aux?lio do software Image K. As esp?cies arb?reas sobreviveram ? aplica??o do produto, com varia??o na sensibilidade. Os res?duos da mistura dos herbicidas prejudicaram a maioria das esp?cies testadas em rela??o ?s avalia??es do desenvolvimento inicial. M. fistulifera, P. gonoacantha e Z. tuberculosa apresentaram maior toler?ncia ? mistura de herbicidas. Em rela??o ? anatomia e ?rea foliar, de maneira geral, a esp?cie Z. tuberculosa foi afetada negativamente pelos herbicidas. M. fistulifera se mostrou mais tolerante ? presen?a dos contaminantes. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The farmer must adapt to the requirements of the new brazilian environmental legislation, regarding the recovery of permanent preservation areas and legal reserve. One of the problems that the producer may face is the recovery of degraded areas, which may contain, among other contaminants, herbicide residues. 2,4-D and picloram are auxin mimicking hormonal herbicides. Among the plant groups, the species of the riparian forests have been little reported as to the effects of residues of these herbicides on the environment. Micromorphological and micromorphometric analyzes are important tools to aid in the early diagnosis of injury, since visible changes may appear in the later stages of intoxication. The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of ten substrate tree species with residues from of the 2,4-D + picloram herbicide mixture and to verify the effects on the anatomical modifications of Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa. In a randomized block design with three replicates, 40 treatments were distributed in a 4x10 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed of four doses of the commercial mixture of 2,4-D + picloram corresponding to 0,00; 0,166; 0,336 and 0,666 g ha-1 (Tordon?, containing 240 g of 2,4-D and 64 g of picloram per liter). The second factor was composed of ten tree species: Machaerium opacum Vogel, Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth., Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrad. ex DC., Senna macranthera (DC. ex. Collad.) H.S. Irwin e Barnaby, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.), Brenan, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton e Rose, Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Dalbergia villosa (Benth.) Benth., Mabea fistulifera Mart. and Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell) Bureau ex Verl. Morphological and anatomical evaluations in young plants were performed according to the standard methodology. For the morphological variables of the ten tree species were evaluated: intoxication, survival, seedling height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of shoot and root, stem diameter, root volume, emergency speed index and emergency. Through micromorphometric evaluations, tissue thickness, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, pali?adic and lacunacetic parenchyma were measured, in the cross section of the leaves of Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa, in addition to the total lamina. For leaf area, leaf photographs were taken and measured using Image K software. Tree species survived the application of the product, with variation in sensitivity. Residues of the herbicide mixture adversely affected most of the tested species in relation to initial developmental assessments. M. fistulifera, P. gonoacantha and Z. tuberculosa presented greater tolerance to the herbicide mixture. In relation to the anatomy and leaf area, in general, the species Z. tuberculosa was negatively affected by the herbicides. M. fistulifera was more tolerant to the presence of contaminants.

No description available.

No description available.