Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-04T16:58:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) RODRIGO CHUEIRI - DISSERTAÇÃO - ADIMPLEMENTO SUBSTANCIAL_ ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DE PARÂMETROS PARA APLICAÇÃO NO DIREITO BRASILEIRO (2).pdf: 1306827 bytes, checksum: 4ac8441f02e2c15234e6424dcd40daa1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T16:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) RODRIGO CHUEIRI - DISSERTAÇÃO - ADIMPLEMENTO SUBSTANCIAL_ ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DE PARÂMETROS PARA APLICAÇÃO NO DIREITO BRASILEIRO (2).pdf: 1306827 bytes, checksum: 4ac8441f02e2c15234e6424dcd40daa1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / CAPES / A relação jurídica obrigacional não pode mais ser vista somente como relação atomizada, linear, composta pela ideia de um antagonismo protagonizado por credor e devedor. A verificação do adimplemento e do inadimplemento passa, atualmente, pela observância de direitos e deveres primários, secundários e laterais, sendo possível valorar a mora e suas consequências. Expressão disso é a teoria do adimplemento substancial, pela qual a regra contida no artigo 475, do Código Civil Brasileiro de 2002, que elenca um direito aparentemente potestativo do credor à resolução do contrato diante de inadimplemento, encontra possibilidade de mitigação. Diante de tal possibilidade, a dissertação intenciona analisar a teoria, verificando, além de sua origem, ordenamentos jurídicos que a contemplam atualmente, com a busca pelos parâmetros de aplicação ali propostos, dentre os quais o da Inglaterra, Estados Unidos da América, Alemanha, Itália e Portugal. Na posse de tais dados, foi analisada a aplicação da teoria no Brasil, constatando que se baseia na função social dos contratos e na boa-fé objetiva e apontando que a atuação do Superior Tribunal de Justiça em relação à matéria é predominantemente lastreada em um critério matemático de verificação da substancialidade do adimplemento. Por perceber que a análise puramente matemática pode não ser suficiente para a aplicação da teoria, foram elencados outros critérios, qualitativos, como tempo, local e forma da prestação, o comportamento dos contratantes, a fundamentalidade do objeto em relação aos contratantes, e, em âmbito estrangeiro e supranacional, algumas proposições interpretativas, nas quais se percebeu constante remissão ao interesse surgido da relação jurídica como parâmetro maior de verificação. Realizada incursão sobre o interesse juridicamente relevante para a relação contratual, se chegou à ideia de interesse objetivado, com grande proximidade à ideia de causa dos contratos, sob o aspecto da finalidade. Desta forma, o estudo culminou por elencar a possibilidade de manutenção da causa contratual final concreta como parâmetro último de verificação da substancialidade do adimplemento, propondo balizas interpretativas. Algumas, figurando como elementos de presença necessária, outros, de presença impeditiva à aplicação e, em uma terceira categoria, elementos auxiliares à verificação da substancialidade. / The juridical relationship concerning obligations must no longer be seen only as an atomized, linear relationship, composed by the idea of an antagonism played by creditor and debtor. The verification of performance and non-performance is currently goes through the observation of primary, secondary and side rights and duties, making it possible to assess arrearage and its consequences. An expression of this is the doctrine of the substantial performance, through which the rule contained in article 475 of Código Civil de 2002 (Brazilian Civil Code of 2002), that seemingly lists a potestative right of the creditor to cancel the contract in case of noncompliance, is susceptible of mitigation. Facing that possibility, the present dissertation intends to analyze the referred doctrine in order to verify, beyond its origin, juridical systems in which it is contemplated nowadays, such as the English, North American, German, Italian and Portuguese systems, especially in the search of application parameters that are proposed. Possessing this data, the application of the theory was analyzed in Brazil, showing it is based on the social function of contracts and on the objective good faith and also showing that the acting of the Superior Court of Justice towards the subject is mainly supported in a mathematic criterion of verification of the substantiality of the performance. After realizing that the pure mathematic analysis may not be enough for the application of the theory, other criteria was chosen, such as time, place and the ways of fulfillment, the behavior of the contractors, the fundamentality of the object in relation to the contractors and, in an international and supranational perspective, some interpretative propositions, where it was noticed the constant remission of the interest raised from the juridical relationship as main parameter of verification was shown. Once the deepening on the juridically relevant interest to the contractual relationship was accomplished, the idea of objectived interest was achieved, with great proximity to the concept of cause of contracts, under the aspect of its finality. Thereby, this study culminated in registering the possibility to maintain the final contractual concrete cause as the last parameter to verify the substantiality of the performance, with the proposition of interpretative guidelines. Some of those guidelines turned out to be elements of mandatory attendance, others which presence is impeditive to application and, as a third category, auxiliary elements to the verification of substantiality were set.

La présente thèse a pour sujet la question du système des prépositions en latin vulgaire, ainsi que des morphèmes liés à ces dernières dans les langues indo-européennes (préverbes et préfixes). Notre objectif a été d’évaluer quelles ont pu être les spécificités relatives à l’emploi des prépositions (et des morphèmes connexes) dans la langue ordinaire, sur le plan sémasiologique comme onomasiologique. Est bâti pour ce faire le corpus le plus large possible de documents « autographes », c’est-à-dire de pièces portant une inscription directement réalisée par un latinophone (graffites, ostraca, tablettes de cire, defixiones, papyri documentaires), rédigés entre 1 et 395 p.C. La construction même de ce corpus et l’établissement d’une référenciation stable ont constitué un objectif secondaire de ce travail. La première partie établit les outils terminologiques nécessaires. Sont donc passées en revue toutes les théories relatives aux prépositions et à leur sémantisme depuis l’Antiquité, dans le but de souligner les manques et les imprécisions de la tradition terminologique. L’attention est ensuite portée sur le problème récurrent du « latin vulgaire », appellation nécessairement tolérée, même si elle demeure insatisfaisante et embarrassante. La question est spécifiquement posée au regard de la particularité du corpus, sur le plan matériel comme théorique. La notion « d’autographie » est en effet très floue, du fait de l’immixtion d’intermédiaires humains (comme les scribes, professionnels ou non), de la question de la « formularité » et des text types, et des problèmes complexes liés aux différentes formes de littératies à travers les provinces romaines. Cette partie se clôt sur les choix terminologiques et méthodologiques opérés, relativement au processus sous-jacent de collecte des données. La seconde partie présente les données. Celles-ci sont d’abord traitées sous l’angle quantitatif, avec prudence ; il s’agit d’abord d’établir quels sont les morphèmes encore en usage, quels sont ceux qui déclinent et quels sont ceux qui ont déjà disparu. Il s’agit également de comprendre quels écarts peuvent se manifester entre les données et nos attentes. On souligne ce faisant les différents processus de développement, en synchronie ou en diachronie, de certains morphèmes ou usages ; la notion de « préfixation pré-nominale », jusqu’ici peu envisagée dans les études latines, et ainsi étudiée. Le second chapitre de cette partie étudie ce matériel, sur un plan phonétique, morphosyntaxique et lexical. Il s’agit alors non seulement de découvrir les signes d’un possible renouvellement dans certaines zones de la langue (il est fait ici usage du concept de sermo castrensis, mais aussi de celui – encore peu envisagé – de sermo mercatorius) ; il s’agit en outre de comprendre pourquoi ce corpus manifeste une véritable résistance à l’égard des vulgarismes, et pourquoi l’on ne constate aucun véritable fossé entre la langue normée et celle du corpus.Le dernier chapitre se concentre sur le problème déjà ancien, mais complexe, de la chute des <-m> (et accessoirement, des <-s>) en latin vulgaire, et sur la conséquence de celle-ci au sein des groupes prépositionnels. Ce problème a une histoire (depuis Diehl), qui est rappelée afin d’expliquer comment se mélangent ici les niveaux graphiques, phonologiques et grammaticaux. Il s’agit de comprendre dans quels cas la disparition de <-m> peut être attribuée à une pure convention graphique, dans quels cas elle est relative à l’analphabétisme ou à la faible littératie des scripteurs, et dans quels cas elle constitue effectivement le premier signe (mesuré) d’un effondrement des systèmes flexionnels, dans une perspective romane. Ce chapitre s’interroge ine fine sur la capacité des locuteurs semi-lettrés, à un moment de la diachronie, à faire usage d’un « système polymorphique » (Banniard), et à choisir ainsi, bien qu’ils fussent relativement conscients des règles morphologiques, de marquer ou non le cas accusatif. / In this thesis, we deal with the question of prepositional systems in Vulgar Latin, and the linguistic material wih which it is usually associated, in indo-european languages, i.e. preverbs and prefixes. Our work aims to evaluate how specific usages of prepositions (and related material) in colloquial speech may have been, in both semasiological and onomasiological ways. For this purpose, we draw on the largest corpus of « Autographical » documents, i.e. directly inscribed artifacts, such as graffiti, ostraca, wax tablets, defixiones, documentary papyri, etc., from 1 to 395 a.D. Moreover, as a second objective ot the dissertation, we set up a fully-ordered and well-referenced corpus of our archaeological material.The first part of the thesis tries to lay the methodological tools of such the said design. Theories of prepositions and prepositional meanings from Antiquity to present reviewed are reviewed, in order to understand the lack and fuziness of inherited terminological displays. We then consider the customary problem of utilising and defining the terme « Vulgar latin » (which we tolerate, as embarrassing and unsatisfying as it is) and most specifically the peculiarity of our corpus, in a theorical and practical ways : « autography » is indeed a messy concept, due to the involvement of human go-betweens (like professional or casual scribes), the question of formularity and « text types », and the complex pattern of literacy, throughout the Roman provinces. This chapter ends with terminological and methodological choices, referring to the undergoing process of the data report.In second part of the thesis we lay out the data itself. We first deal with this data quantitativly by cautiously using statistical approaches, we try to establish which morphemes were still in use, recessing, or had already disappeared. Furthermore, we examine what kind of discrepancies could arrise between our expectation and the data. We stress, by doing so, the synchonical and diachronical expansions of certain morphemes or usages, and more specifically the question of « Pre-nominal prefixation », on which little has yet been written in classical tradition. The second part of this chapter studies the dynamics of our material phonetically, morphosyntaxically and lexically. Not only do we try to catch sight of linguistic renewals in some areas of language (dealing with the concept of sermo castrensis, or the yet unexplored sermo mercatorius), but also the evidence of a structural dragging into vulgarisms and linguistical changes in our corpus, questioning the lack of an expected « gap » between litterary standards and the language that our documents are using.The third part of our thesis deals with the very well known but very intricate problem of falling /-m/ (and, casually, falling /-s/) in Vulgar Latin, and their consequences in the prepositionnal phrases. The problem’s history (from Diehl’s work) shows up, explaining the entanglement of graphical, phonological and grammatical levels in such an inquiry. We then try to establish which part of the disappearing <-m>, in prepositional phrases, could be assigned to graphical convention, which part goes to real illiteracy (or « low-level literacy ») and which part shows the evidence for a real (but limited) starting point toward a future collapse of nominal flection, from a romance perspective. We conclude this chapter by questioning the ability of semi-literate latin-speakers, at some point of the diachronic evolution of latin language, to deal with « polymorphic » systems (as proposed by Banniard), who ware quite aware of morphological rules but choosing to mark or not mark or to omit the accusative case.

No description available.

The majority of UK’s intermediate level radioactive waste is currently stored in 316L and 304L austenitic stainless steel containers in interim storage facilities for permanent disposal until a geological disposal facility has become available. The structural integrity of stainless steel canisters is required to persevere against environmental degradation for up to 500 years to assure a safe storage and disposal scheme. Hitherto existing severe localised corrosion observances on real waste storage containers after 10 years of exposure to an ambient atmosphere in an in-land warehouse in Culham at Oxfordshire, however, questioned the likelihood occurrence of stress corrosion cracking that may harm the canister’s functionality during long-term storage. The more corrosion resistant duplex stainless steel grade 2205, therefore, has been started to be manufactured as a replacement for the austenitic grades. Over decades, the threshold stress corrosion cracking temperature of austenitic stainless steels has been believed to be 50-60°C, but lab- and field-based research has shown that 304L and 316L may suffer from atmospheric stress corrosion cracking at ambient temperatures. Such an issue has not been reported to occur for the 2205 duplex steel, and its atmospheric stress corrosion cracking behaviour at low temperatures (40-50°C) has been sparsely studied which requires detailed investigations in this respect. Low temperature atmospheric stress corrosion cracking investigations on 2205 duplex stainless steel formed the framework of this PhD thesis with respect to the waste storage context. Long-term surface magnesium chloride deposition exposures at 50°C and 30% relative humidity for up to 15 months exhibited the occurrence of stress corrosion cracks, showing stress corrosion susceptibility of 2205 duplex stainless steel at 50°C.The amount of cold work increased the cracking susceptibility, with bending deformation being the most critical type of deformation mode among tensile and rolling type of cold work. The orientation of the microstructure deformation direction, i.e. whether the deformation occurred in transverse or rolling direction, played vital role in corrosion and cracking behaviour, as such that bending in transverse direction showed almost 3-times larger corrosion and stress corrosion cracking propensity. Welding simulation treatments by ageing processes at 750°C and 475°C exhibited substantial influences on the corrosion properties. It was shown that sensitisation ageing at 750°C can render the material enhanced susceptible to stress corrosion cracking at even low chloride deposition densities of ≤145 µm/cm². However, it could be shown that short-term heat treatments at 475°C can decrease corrosion and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility which may be used to improve the materials performance. Mechanistic understanding of stress corrosion cracking phenomena in light of a comprehensive microstructure characterisation was the main focus of this thesis.