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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Investigation of the Symmetries of the Phonons in 4H and 6H-SiC by Infrared Absorption and Raman Spectroscopy

Ashraf, Hina January 2005 (has links)
The goal of the project work has been to study the symmetry of the phonons in 4H and 6H-SiC for different measuring geometries by using two experimental techniques, Raman and infrared absorption (IR) spectroscopy, and a theoretical model. The Raman spectra were measured in different scattering configurations in order to obtain experimental data for detailed investigation of the phonon symmetries. The gross features of the spectra obtained in different geometries can be explained using general group-theoretical arguments. Using a lattice-dynamics model, we have also calculated the angular dependence of the phonon energies near the centre of the Brillouin zone, as well as the phonon displacements in some high-symmetry directions. The theoretical results are used to interpret the Raman lines in different configurations, and it was possible to estimate that if ionicity of the bonding of 12% is taken in the theoretical model for 4H-SiC, the splitting of the polar TO mode and the shift of the polar LO mode observed in our spectra are well reproduced theoretically. It was also observed that these polar modes have to be classified as longitudinal and transversal with respect to the direction of phonon wave vector, while the rest of the modes remain longitudinal or transversal with respect to the c-axis of the crystal. The Raman lines in the case of 4H SiC have been tentatively labelled with the irreducible representations of the point group of the crystal (C6v).
32

Conception, suivi de fabrication et caractérisation électrique de composants haute tension en SiC

Huang, Runhua 30 September 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Les composants actifs en électronique de puissance sont principalement à base de Silicium. Or, le silicium a des limites en termes de température d'utilisation, fréquence de commutation et de tenue en tension. Une alternative au Si peut être les semi-conducteurs à grand gap tels que le SiC-4H. Grâce aux travaux de plusieurs équipes de chercheurs dans le monde, les performances s'améliorent d'année en année. Le laboratoire AMPERE conçoit, réalise et caractérise des composants de puissance en SiC-4 H. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans les projets SiCHT2 et VHVD du laboratoire. Le travail réalisé au cours de cette thèse repose sur la conception la fabrication et la caractérisation électrique de composantes haute tension en SiC-4H. Les paramètres de protection pour la diode bipolaire 6500V sont optimisés à l'aide des simulations à base d'éléments finis. Les paramètres du SiC pour les modèles utilisés pour la simulation sont développés par des travaux précédents. Ensuite, le masque est dessiné. La diode est réalisée chez IBS. La première caractérisation est effectuée avant le recuit post-métallisation en directe et inverse sans passivation finale. Après le recuit post-métallisation la résistance de contact est plus faible. La caractérisation de la tenue en tension a été effectuée à AMPERE puis à l'ISL à très haute tension. A l'aide de simulations à base d'éléments finis, les paramètres tels que la résistance de contact et la durée de vie des porteurs ont été affinés à partir des caractérisations électriques obtenues par l'expérience. Les autres travaux portent sur la conception, les optimisations et les fabrications des diodes 10 kV et transistors 6500 V.
33

Characterization of epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide / Karaktärisering av epitaxiellt grafen växt på kiselkarbid

Jansson, Anton January 2014 (has links)
In this thesis work several manufacturing methods for graphene is discussed followed by an indepth study of graphene grown by a high temperature sublimation method (sublimation of siliconcarbide). The graphene surfaces studied have been grown by Graphensic AB, both graphenegrown on the Si-face and the C-face of the silicon carbide were studied. Six graphene samplesgrown 4H-SiC substrates were examined for homogeneity and surface morphology as well assome surface roughness parameters using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The graphene wasstudied to get a better understanding of the surfaces and the growth mechanisms to improvemanufacturing parameters while also being informative for graphene sample customers. Anadditional graphene sample grown on 6H-SiC epitaxial layer was also studied to get a betterunderstanding of the sublimation mechanism. If graphene could be manufactured in a cheaprepeatable way the applications are endless and a new era of technology could emerge muchlike the silicon era that began several decades ago. In this thesis work the results are presentedas topography images as well as tables and histograms in the results section. The growth onthe Si-face is found to be well ordered when compared to the C-face which shows signs of alargely complex growth. The graphene on the Si-face lies on top of silicon carbide steps like acarpet with a buer layer interface against the silicon carbide. On the C-face this buer layeris not present but the graphene is deformed by buckling which is suspected to originate fromdierences in thermal properties between the graphene and the C-face. The in uence of AFMsettings for characterization of graphene while using intermittent mode have been evaluated andrecommendations are given. Finally a method for evaluating the homogeneity of the graphenelm is proposed but is in need of further verication.
34

Fabrication and Characterization of 4H-SiC MOS Capacitors with Different Dielectric Layer Treatments

Wutikuer, Otkur January 2018 (has links)
4H-SiC based Metal-Oxide Semiconductor(MOS) capacitors are promising key components for next generation power devices. For high frequency power applications, however, there is a major drawback of this type of devices, i.e. they have low inversion channel mobility that consequently affects the switching operation in MOS Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). Carbon clusters or excess carbon atoms in the interface between the dielectric layer and SiC is commonly considered to be the carrier trapping and scattering centers that lower the carrier channel mobility. Based on the previous work in the research group, a new fabrication process for forming the dielectric layer with a lower density of the trap states is investigated. The process consists of standard semiconductor cleaning, pre-treatments, pre-oxidation, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and post oxidation annealing. I-V measurements of the dielectric strength showed that the resulting layers can sustain proper working condition under an electric field of at least 5MV/cm. C-V characteristics measurements provided the evidence that the proposed method can effectively reduce the interfacial states, which are main culprit for a large flat band voltage shift of C-V characteristics, in particular under annealing at 900°C in nitrogen atmosphere.
35

Préparation et dérivatisation de 4H-pyrido[e][1,3]oxazinones : une contribution à la diversité chimique / Preparation and derivatization of 4H-pyrido[e][1,3]oxazinones : a contribution to chemical diversity

Le Falher, Laetitia 07 November 2014 (has links)
Ce manuscrit porte sur la synthèse et les applications d'une nouvelle série de composés hétéroaromatiques : les 4H-pyrido[e][1,3]oxazin-4-ones. La première partie de ce manuscrit présente la préparation de ces squelettes via une réaction d'O-arylation intramoléculaire. La seconde partie du manuscrit repose sur la réactivité de ces entités chimiques et de leur utilisation en tant qu'intermédiaires de synthèse. La fonctionnalisation des 4H-pyrido[e][1,3]oxazin-4-ones, via des réactions de couplage pallado-catalysées, a permis d'obtenir des systèmes polyfonctionnalisés plus complexes. Les pyrido-oxazinones ont également été transformées, en une étape, en divers petits hétérocycles d'intérêt : les 1,3,5-triazines, les 1,2,4-triazoles et les 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. La dernière partie du manuscrit est consacrée à l'utilisation des molécules synthétisées comme potentielles sondes fluorescentes pour la détection de protéines oxydées. / This work focused on the synthesis and applications of a novel series of heteroaromaticcompounds: the 4H-pyrido[e][1,3]oxazin-4-ones. The first part of this thesis presents thepreparation of these pyrido-oxazinones via an intramolecular O-arylation reaction. The secondpart of this work relies on the reactivity of these chemical entities and their use as buildingblocks. The functionalization of the 4H-pyrido[e][1,3]oxazin-4-ones has been studied viacross-coupling reactions to obtain more elaborated structures. The pyrido-oxazinones werealso converted, in one step, into other diverse small molecules of interest: 1,3,5-triazines,1,2,4-triazoles and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. The last part of this thesis was devoted to the use of theobtained heterocycles as potential fluorescent probes for the detection of carbonylatedproteins.
36

Symmetry Analysis of Orbitals in a Plane Wave Basis : A Study on Molecules and Defects in Solids / Symmetrianalys av Orbitaler i Planvågsbas : En Studie på Molekyler och Defekter i Fasta Ämnen

Stenlund, William January 2022 (has links)
Modeling and analysing materials with theoretical tools is of great use when finding new systems for applications, for example, semiconductors with point defects can be used for quantum applications, like single photon emitters. One important aspect to consider symmetry, which can yield useful information about the properties of a system. To perform symmetry analysis, a code was developed that takes the orbitals of atomic structures, as calculated with Density Functional Theory simulations, as input. Specifically, the orbitals of molecules, and defects in solids are in focus. The symmetry analysis code calculates overlap of orbitals and their symmetry transformed counterpart, maps these overlaps to characters, finds the irreducible representations, and also finds which optical transitions are allowed. The code was tested on CH4 and SF6 molecules, and the divacancy defect in 4H-SiC. The symmetry analysis is performed easily and produces results that coincide well with other theoretical results. Furthermore, symmetry matrices can be approximated to be integer matrices, and the wave functions can be approximated with less accurate plane wave expansions by reducing the cutoff energy, and thus reducing the number of plane waves. These approximations shorten the calculation time and do not compromise the accuracy of the overlap. The code automates the symmetry analysis and is intended to be used in a high-throughput manner. / <p>2021-10-12          </p><p>The student thesis was first published online. </p><p>2022-02-25          </p><p>The student thesis was updated with an errata list which is downloadable from the permanent link.</p>
37

Development of a Silicon Carbide Schottky Diode Detector for Use in Determining Actinide Inventories based on Alpha Particle Spectroscopy

Zelaski, Alexandra R. 21 October 2011 (has links)
No description available.
38

Conception, suivi de fabrication et caractérisation électrique de composants haute tension en SiC / Design, fabrication and electrical characterization of SiC power devices with a high breakdown voltage

Huang, Runhua 30 September 2011 (has links)
Les composants actifs en électronique de puissance sont principalement à base de Silicium. Or, le silicium a des limites en termes de température d’utilisation, fréquence de commutation et de tenue en tension. Une alternative au Si peut être les semi-conducteurs à grand gap tels que le SiC-4H. Grâce aux travaux de plusieurs équipes de chercheurs dans le monde, les performances s’améliorent d’année en année. Le laboratoire AMPERE conçoit, réalise et caractérise des composants de puissance en SiC-4 H. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans les projets SiCHT2 et VHVD du laboratoire. Le travail réalisé au cours de cette thèse repose sur la conception la fabrication et la caractérisation électrique de composantes haute tension en SiC-4H. Les paramètres de protection pour la diode bipolaire 6500V sont optimisés à l’aide des simulations à base d'éléments finis. Les paramètres du SiC pour les modèles utilisés pour la simulation sont développés par des travaux précédents. Ensuite, le masque est dessiné. La diode est réalisée chez IBS. La première caractérisation est effectuée avant le recuit post-métallisation en directe et inverse sans passivation finale. Après le recuit post-métallisation la résistance de contact est plus faible. La caractérisation de la tenue en tension a été effectuée à AMPERE puis à l’ISL à très haute tension. A l’aide de simulations à base d'éléments finis, les paramètres tels que la résistance de contact et la durée de vie des porteurs ont été affinés à partir des caractérisations électriques obtenues par l’expérience. Les autres travaux portent sur la conception, les optimisations et les fabrications des diodes 10 kV et transistors 6500 V. / The power devices are mainly based on silicon. Silicon devices have limitations in terms of operating temperature, switching frequency and breakdown voltage. An alternative can be semiconductor wide band gap devices such as 4H-SiC. Through the work of several teams of researchers around the world, the performance of the power devices in 4H-SiC improve year by year. At ampere laboratory, design, fabrication and electrical tests of 4H-SiC devices are performed. The work done in this thesis is the design, fabrication and electrical characterization of 4H-SiC power devices with a high breakdown voltage. The parameters of the edge termination are optimized using simulations based on finite elements method. The parameters of 4H-SiC during the simulation are based on previous works. Then the mask is drawn. The diodes are manufactured by IBS. First the characterization in forward and reverse mode is done before the ohmic contact annealing. The diode passivation is a single SiO2 layer. After ohmic contact annealing, the contact resistance is lower. The characterization of the breakdown voltage is performed at AMPERE and at ISL for very high voltage. Parameters such as contact resistance and carrier lifetime are estimated by fitting measured electrical characteristics with results of finite element simulation. The design of the diodes 10 kV and bipolar junction transistor 6500 V is also part of this work. This work has been performed for 2 different projects VHVD with ANR for the financial support and SiCHT2 with DGCIS for the financial support.
39

Funktionalisierung von 6H-1,2-Oxazinen durch 1,3-dipolare Cycloadditionen und Halogenierungen

Schmidt, Elmar 06 February 2001 (has links) (PDF)
6H-1,2-Oxazines were functionalised at the C-C double bond by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and halogenation reactions. The reactions were carried out with 6-ethoxy-3-phenyl-6H-1,2-oxazine, 6-ethoxy-3-ethoxycarbonyl-6H-1,2-oxazine and 6-ethoxy-3-trifluoromethyl-6H-1,2-oxazine. The cycloadditions of 6H-1,2-oxazines were performed with nitrile oxides, nitrile imines, nitrile ylides, diazoalkanes, azomethine ylides and a nitrone. High diastereoselectivity was observed, induced by the steric hindrance of the ethoxy group at the 6H-1,2-oxazines. The cycloadditions occur with high regioselectivity. In addition, the constitutions of the bicycles were predicted by the frontier-orbital model using the semi-empirical PM3-method, and subsequently compared with those of the isolated products. The low strength of the N-O bond of 1,2-oxazines can often be used for mild hydrogenolysis reactions, but the reductions of the biheterocycles obtained here were not selective and led in most cases to decomposition. For the derivatives of 3-ethoxycarbonyl-3a,7a-dihydro-4H-isoxazolo[5,4-d]-1,2-oxazine the conversion of the five-membered ring into cis-configurated &amp;amp;#945;-hydroxynitriles (saponification and decarboxylation) was demonstrated. Finally, the 4-chloro- and 4-bromo-6H-1,2-oxazines were prepared in good yields. Investigations with palladium catalysed coupling reactions were initiated. The halogen of 4-bromo-6H-1,2-oxazines was substituted by the phenyl group of benzolboronic acid using the Suzuki method. / Im Verlauf dieser Arbeit wurden 6H-1,2-Oxazine an der C-C-Doppelbindung durch 1,3-dipolare Cycloadditionen und Halogenierungen funktionalisiert. Als Modellsubstrate für die 6H-1,2-Oxazine wurden 6-Ethoxy-3-phenyl-6H-1,2-oxazin, 6-Ethoxy-3-ethoxycarbonyl-6H-1,2-oxazin und 6-Ethoxy-3-trifluormethyl-6H-1,2-oxazin eingesetzt. Die 6H-1,2-Oxazine konnten bei den Cycloadditionen erfolgreich mit Nitriloxiden, Nitriliminen, Nitrilyliden, Diazoverbindungen, Azomethinyliden und einem Nitron umgesetzt werden, wobei die Ausbeuten stark variieren. Die Reaktionen verliefen mit hoher Regioselektivität. Durch die sterische Abschirmung der Ethoxygruppe an den 6H-1,2-Oxazinen (Briefumschlagskonformation der 6H-1,2-Oxazine und pseudoaxiale Ausrichtung der Ethoxygruppe) wurde ebenfalls eine hohe Diastereoselektivität beobachtet. Ergänzend wurden die Konstitutionen der Cycloaddukte mit der semiempirischen PM3-Methode auf Basis des Grenzorbitalmodells vorhergesagt und mit denen der isolierten Biheterocyclen verglichen. Die dargestellten Cycloaddukte sollten unter Ausnutzung der geringen Bindungsenergie der N-O-Bindung hydrogenolysiert werden. Die Reduktionen waren jedoch im allgemeinen nicht selektiv, so daß die Umsetzungen zu komplexen Produktgemischen führten. Für die 3-Ethoxycarbonyl-3a,7a-dihydro-4H-isoxazolo[5,4-d]-1,2-oxazinderivate wurde ferner der Abbau des Fünfringes (Verseifung und Decarboxylierung) in cis-konfigurierte &amp;amp;#945;-Hydroxynitrile beschrieben. Die 4-Chlor- und 4-Brom-6H-1,2-oxazine konnten in guten Ausbeuten unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen dargestellt werden. Anschließend wurden mit den bromierten Verbindungen verschiedene palladiumkatalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen getestet. Durch die Methode von Suzuki konnte das Halogen der 4-Brom-6H-1,2-oxazine durch den Phenylrest der Benzolboronsäure substituiert werden.
40

Étude de l’incorporation des dopants N et Al dans des films de carbure de silicium épitaxiées en phase vapeur / Investigation of dopant incorporation in silicon carbide epilayers grown by chemical vapor deposition

Arvinte, Ionela Roxana 08 November 2016 (has links)
Ce travail est consacré à l’étude de l’incorporation volontaire des dopants dans des films de carbure de silicium épitaxiés par la technique de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur. Le rôle des principaux paramètres de croissance (température, flux de dopant, vitesse de dépôt, pression dans le réacteur et le rapport C/Si) sur l’incorporation d’azote et d’aluminium a été étudié en détail. Les travaux menés jusqu’ici ont largement exploré les caractéristiques de l’incorporation de dopants, en particulier l’incorporation d’azote et ont montré des résultats parfois très dépendants de l’équipement de croissance utilisé. Afin d’explorer cette influence, une étude expérimentale exhaustive sur l’incorporation de N et Al a été réalisée sur des couches homoépitaxiées 4H-SiC sur la face carbone et sur la face silicium de substrats 4H-SiC dans nos réacteurs CVD. Cette étude a été complétée par une analyse des propriétés structurales, optiques et électriques de couches 4H-SiC dopé Al. Aussi, la fabrication de diodes pn a été expérimentée sur les couches épitaxiées dans nos réacteurs. Nous avons pu observer différentes tendances expérimentales selon la nature du dopant, l’orientation cristalline du substrat et l’environnement chimique durant la croissance. Nous en déduisons que le mécanisme derrière les tendances observées est largement influencé par des facteurs comme les conditions de croissance (c'est-à-dire la température de croissance et/ou la pression) et la couverture de carbone à la surface de la croissance, surtout sur la face C / This work is dedicated to the investigation of intentional dopant incorporation in silicon carbide epilayers grown by chemical vapor deposition technique. The role of main process conditions (growth temperature, dopant supply, deposition rate, growth pressure and C/Si ratio) on both, Nitrogen and Aluminum incorporation was studied in details. Previous works have widely explored the characteristics of dopant incorporation, especially the nitrogen incorporation addressing a potential influence of growth equipment for the observed incorporation trends. An exhaustive experimental study of N and Al incorporation was performed for homoepitaxial 4H-SiC layers grown on Si- and C-faces of 4H-SiC substrates in our CVD setups to explore such influence. It was completed by the assessment of the structural, optical and electrical properties of the Al doped 4H-SiC films. Furthermore, the fabrication of pn diodes was tested on the grown layers. We have observed different experimental tendencies depending on dopant nature, crystal orientation and chemical environment. We conclude from these observations that the mechanism behind the experimentally obtained tendencies is widely influenced by factors such as process conditions (i.e. growth temperature and/or pressure) and the carbon coverage at the grown surface, especially on C-face

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