Cyano-bridged mixed valence compounds have been known since 1704, but a lot of interest in the bi- and tri-nuclear species has emerged only more recently. The growing interest in these complexes reflects their promise as useful applications in electrochromism, molecular magnetism, and molecular electronics. These properties are activated by the excitation of their metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) transition. We have studied aqueous solutions of the FeHEDTA/Fe(CN)64- system that form intensely colored solutions that absorb strongly in the Vis/NIR region. Typically 1:1 dimeric and 2:1 trimeric complexes are formed. We have used optical spectroscopy and electrochemistry to provide information on reorganizational parameters, electronic coupling between metal centers, molar absorptivities, equilibrium constants, and delocalization factors and have compared results obtained for the binuclear and trinuclear species to results of similar systems either previously studied in our lab or found in the literature.

No description available.

No description available.

Wilderness has inspired the imagination and passion of Americans for the past two centuries. However, the places that are most often designated as wilderness are frequently far away and difficult for most people to access. It is therefore important to understand how the idea of wilderness can be rescaled and rethought to allow for its benefits to be more attainable within common and accessible areas. Interstate rest areas provide an excellent subject to study how a wilderness experience can be designed within an area not typically associated with wild nature. The rest areas on Interstate 64 in Virginia provide a good opportunity to conduct this study due to the variety ecological conditions that the interstate passes through. This thesis explores the varying conditions of all the rest areas on Interstate 64 in Virginia and develops a design for one of them, New Kent County Eastbound at mile marker 213. This design process is a site specific model for designing a wilderness experience at an interstate rest area that provides opportunities to experience local ecology, improve storm water management features, and increase wildlife habitat. / Master of Landscape Architecture / This thesis design examines the possibility of creating wilderness and providing wilderness experiences in an unexpected place, the interstate rest area. What defines wilderness is a variable concept that can be rescaled based on individual preferences, beliefs, and experiences. This design explores the variability of these scales while placing the design of a wilderness experience at a rest area within the natural context of the local environment.

Thesis (LLM (Public Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: All agricultural subdivisions in the Republic of South Africa are regulated by the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act 70 of 1970. The declared purpose of the Act is to prevent the creation of uneconomic farming units and this purpose is achieved through the requirement that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (“Minister of Agriculture”) must consent to the proposed subdivision. The Act was promulgated in the 1970s when the South African landscape was racially divided. The government of the time used law to provide benefits for the white minority. At this time the rights of non-whites were restricted. This is the social and political background of the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act. The Act formed part of a legislative scheme that provided benefits for white farmers. More than a decade after democratisation and the end of apartheid the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act is still in operation. The post-apartheid legislature drafted and enacted the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act Repeal Act 64 of 1998, but it has not yet been brought into operation. During 2003 the legislature tabled the Draft Sustainable Utilisation of Agricultural Resources Bill which contains subdivision provisions that are identical to the provisions contained in the Subdivision Act. These legislative actions have created some uncertainty about the state of agricultural subdivisions. In 2008 the Constitutional Court decided that the Act continues to apply to all agricultural subdivisions and that this would be the position until the legislature chooses a definitive course of action. This constitutional analysis of the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act examines the effect of the Act beyond the pre-constitutional legislative intention and framework under which it was enacted. If the Act cannot be saved from its apartheid context, the Repeal Act should become operational. This thesis concludes that the necessary and legitimate purpose of the Act, namely the regulation of subdivision of agricultural land, can be removed from its pre-constitutional setting in the apartheid era and may continue to justify the legitimate regulation of subdivision of land. Comparative sources, namely the United States of America, specifically the states of Oregon and Hawaii, Western Australia and the province of British Columbia, Canada indicate that the regulation of agricultural subdivisions is a valid means of protecting agricultural land. If the Act can continue to exist without its legacy of apartheid and still serves a legitimate and necessary purpose it will have to be constitutionally compliant. The purpose of the Act and the means used to realise it were tested against the Bill of Rights. The effect that the regulation has particularly on ownership entitlements was examined against section 25(1) of the 1996 Constitution. Similarly, the consequences of the regulation with regard to other rights in the Bill of Rights were investigated. The conclusion was that where the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act is used for its purpose of preventing the uneconomic subdivision of agricultural land, in the national interest, it is a legitimate land-use regulation that can continue to justifiably operate in a constitutional dispensation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alle onderverdelings van landbougrond in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika word gereguleer deur die Wet op die Onderverdeling van Landbougrond 70 van 1970. Die verklaarde doel van die Wet is om die totstandkoming van onekonomiese landboueenhede te voorkom, en hierdie doel word bereik deurdat die Minister van Landbou, Bosbou en Visserye (“Minister van Landbou”) toestemming moet verleen vir die voorgestelde onderverdeling van landbougrond. Die Wet is in die 1970s gepromulgeer toe grond in Suid-Afrika in terme van ras verdeel was. Die destydse apartheidsregering het die regstelsel gebruik om voordele vir die blanke minderheidsgroep te bewerkstellig, terwyl die regte van nie-blankes ingeperk was. Dit is die sosiale en politieke agtergrond waarteen die Wet op die Onderverdeling van Landbougrond tot stand gekom het. Die Wet was deel van ‘n wetgewende raamwerk waarbinne voordele vir blanke boere geskep is. Meer as ‘n dekade na apartheid en die totstandkoming van ‘n demokratiese Suid-Afrika is die Wet op die Onderverdeling van Landbougrond steeds in werking. Die post-apartheid wetgewer het die Wet op die Herroepping van die Wet op die Onderverdeling van Landbougrond 64 van 1998 gepromulgeer, maar nog nie in werking gestel nie. Gedurende 2003 het die wetgewer die “Draft Sustainable Utilisation of Agricultural Resources Bill”, wat onderafdelings soortgelyk aan die bepalings in die Wet op die Onderverdeling van Landbougrond bevat, gepromulgeer. Bogenoemde stappe het onsekerheid geskep ten opsigte van die stand van onderverdeling van landbougrond. In 2008 het die Konstitusionele Hof beslis dat die Wet op die Onderverdeling van Landbougrond sal voortgaan om die onderverdeling van landbougrond te reguleer totdat die wetgewer uitsluitsel oor die aangeleentheid verskaf. Die doel van die tesis is om die uitwerking van die Wet op die Onderverdeling van Landbougrond te analiseer as deel van die huidige grondwetlike bedeling, aangesien dit geskep is tydens die apartheidsera. Indien die Wet nie van sy apartheidskonteks geskei of gered kan word nie sal die Herroepping Wet in werking gestel moet word. Die tesis kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die doel van die Wet, naamlik die regulering van die onderverdeling van landbougrond, van die voor-konstitusionele agtergrond in die apartheidsera geskei kan word en dat dit kan voortgaan om die wettige regulering van onderverdeling van landbougrond te regverdig. Regsvergelykende bronne, naamlik die Verenigde State van Amerika, veral die state van Oregon en Hawaii, Wes Australië en Brits-Columbië, ‘n provinsie van Kanada, dui aan dat die regulasie van die onderverdeling van landbougrond ‘n regsgeldige metode is om landbougrond te beskerm. Die doel van die Wet en die metodes wat gebruik word om hierdie doel te laat realiseer is getoets teen die Handves van Menseregte. Die uitwerking van die regulasie op die inhoudsbevoegdhede van die eienaar is spesifiek geëvalueer teen artikel 25(1) van die 1996 Grondwet, maar die gevolge van die regulasie is ook getoets teen ander regte in die Handves van Menseregte. Die gevolgtrekking was dat waar die Wet op die Onderverdeling van Landbougrond gebruik word met die doel om onekonomiese onderverdeling van landbougrond te verhoed in die nasionale belang, dit ‘n legitieme regulasie van grondgebruik is waarvan die gebruik steeds regverdigbaar is in ‘n grondwetlike bedeling.

OBJETIVO: Esse estudo teve como objetivo verificar as associações entre dispêndio energético (Kcal), perfil antropométrico (índice de massa corporal (IMC) e relação cintura/quadril (RCQ)), idade e condição socioeconômica (grau de escolaridade e renda per capita) de mulheres, na faixa etária de 40 a 64 anos, cadastradas no Programa de Saúde da Família. METODOLOGIA: A amostra contituiu-se de 147 mulheres, que responderam a um inquérito domiciliar, com intuito de avaliar o dispêndio energético e as condições socioeconômicas e em seguida foram realizadas as medidas antropométricas. Com exceção do dispêndio energético, as demais variáveis foram categorizadas para processar o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, adotando um nível de significância de 5% (α=0,05) para as tomadas de decisão. RESULTADOS: O dispêndio energético apresentou relação direta ao IMC (p=0,0001) e inversa aos graus de escolaridade (p=0,0407) e idade (p=0,0417), mas não se verificou associação em relação à RCQ (p=0,1288) e renda per capita (p=0,1984). Também não foram encontradas associações para as análises entre IMC e renda per capita (p=0,8263), grau de escolaridade (p=0,1326) e idade (p=0,7423). Na avaliação da RCQ foi observada uma relação inversa à renda per capita (p=0,0163), não se apresentou associação com a idade (p=0,5985) e embora tenha demonstrado diferença estatística (p=0,0126) em relação aos graus de escolaridade, os resultados foram discordantes da literatura. CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres estudadas apresentaram alta prevalência de sedentarismo (57,8%), sobrepeso (31,3%) e obesidade (36,0%). Possuem RCQ inadequada e baixo nível socioeconômico. Propõe-se que os resultados sejam discutidos no Programa de Saúde da Família, com o intuito de promover políticas públicas de saúde para reverter esse quadro. / OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the associations between energy expenditure (Kcal), anthropometric profile (body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), socioeconomic status (education degrees and income per capita) and age of women (aged 40-64 years) registered in the Family Health Program. METHODS: A sample of 147 women answered a domiciliary inquiry, with the aim of evaluating the energy expenditure and the socioeconomic status. After that they were submitted to the anthropometric measures. Except for the energy expenditure, the other variables were categorized to process the test of Kruskal-Wallis, adopting a level of significance of 5% (α=0.05) to take the decision. RESULTS: The energy expenditure presented direct relation to BMI (p=0.0001) and inverse to the education degrees (p=0.0407) and the age (p=0.0417), but no correlation was observed to the WHR (p=0.1288) and per capita income (p=0.1984). Correlations between BMI and income per capita (p=0.8263), education degree (p=0.1326) and age (p=0.7423) were not found. In the evaluation of the WHR, we observed an inverse relation to the income per capita (p=0.0163), and no relation with the age (p=0.5985). Although there is statistic difference (p=0.0126) in relation to the education degrees, the results are in discordance with the literature. CONCLUSION: The women presented high prevalence of sedentarism (57.8%), overweight (31.3%) and obesity (36.0%). They have inadequate WHR and low socioeconomic level. These results should be argued in the Family Health Program with the aim of promoting health public politics to revert this situation.

OBJETIVO: Esse estudo teve como objetivo verificar as associações entre dispêndio energético (Kcal), perfil antropométrico (índice de massa corporal (IMC) e relação cintura/quadril (RCQ)), idade e condição socioeconômica (grau de escolaridade e renda per capita) de mulheres, na faixa etária de 40 a 64 anos, cadastradas no Programa de Saúde da Família. METODOLOGIA: A amostra contituiu-se de 147 mulheres, que responderam a um inquérito domiciliar, com intuito de avaliar o dispêndio energético e as condições socioeconômicas e em seguida foram realizadas as medidas antropométricas. Com exceção do dispêndio energético, as demais variáveis foram categorizadas para processar o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, adotando um nível de significância de 5% (α=0,05) para as tomadas de decisão. RESULTADOS: O dispêndio energético apresentou relação direta ao IMC (p=0,0001) e inversa aos graus de escolaridade (p=0,0407) e idade (p=0,0417), mas não se verificou associação em relação à RCQ (p=0,1288) e renda per capita (p=0,1984). Também não foram encontradas associações para as análises entre IMC e renda per capita (p=0,8263), grau de escolaridade (p=0,1326) e idade (p=0,7423). Na avaliação da RCQ foi observada uma relação inversa à renda per capita (p=0,0163), não se apresentou associação com a idade (p=0,5985) e embora tenha demonstrado diferença estatística (p=0,0126) em relação aos graus de escolaridade, os resultados foram discordantes da literatura. CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres estudadas apresentaram alta prevalência de sedentarismo (57,8%), sobrepeso (31,3%) e obesidade (36,0%). Possuem RCQ inadequada e baixo nível socioeconômico. Propõe-se que os resultados sejam discutidos no Programa de Saúde da Família, com o intuito de promover políticas públicas de saúde para reverter esse quadro. / OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the associations between energy expenditure (Kcal), anthropometric profile (body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), socioeconomic status (education degrees and income per capita) and age of women (aged 40-64 years) registered in the Family Health Program. METHODS: A sample of 147 women answered a domiciliary inquiry, with the aim of evaluating the energy expenditure and the socioeconomic status. After that they were submitted to the anthropometric measures. Except for the energy expenditure, the other variables were categorized to process the test of Kruskal-Wallis, adopting a level of significance of 5% (α=0.05) to take the decision. RESULTS: The energy expenditure presented direct relation to BMI (p=0.0001) and inverse to the education degrees (p=0.0407) and the age (p=0.0417), but no correlation was observed to the WHR (p=0.1288) and per capita income (p=0.1984). Correlations between BMI and income per capita (p=0.8263), education degree (p=0.1326) and age (p=0.7423) were not found. In the evaluation of the WHR, we observed an inverse relation to the income per capita (p=0.0163), and no relation with the age (p=0.5985). Although there is statistic difference (p=0.0126) in relation to the education degrees, the results are in discordance with the literature. CONCLUSION: The women presented high prevalence of sedentarism (57.8%), overweight (31.3%) and obesity (36.0%). They have inadequate WHR and low socioeconomic level. These results should be argued in the Family Health Program with the aim of promoting health public politics to revert this situation.

Die koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) gehört zu den häufigsten Todesursachen in den westlichen Industrienationen. Die Diagnostik der Erkrankung hat somit großen Stellenwert in der Medizin. Akzeptierter Goldstandard zur Diagnostik einer KHK ist die Herzkatheteruntersuchung (HKU). Als nicht-invasive Alternative zur HKU hat sich in den letzten Jahren die Mehrzeilen-Computertomographie als zuverlässiges Verfahren für den KHK-Ausschluss bei mittlerer Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit etabliert. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die diagnostischen Eigenschaften der prospektiv getriggerten mit der retrospektiv getriggerten CT-Koronarangiographie (CTCA) an einem 64-Zeilen Gerät in einem heterogenen Patientenkollektiv mit unterschiedlichen kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen (Verdacht auf Koronare Herzkrankheit, Aortenaneurysma, präoperativ zum Aortenklappenersatz oder zur Pulmonalvenenablation, zum Ausschluss eines Tumors oder Perikarditiden) in Genauigkeit, Bildqualität und ihrer Anwendbarkeit gegenüberzustellen und sie mit dem Referenzstandard, der HKU, zu vergleichen. In diese Studie wurden retrospektiv 77 Patienten eingeschlossen, die ein EKG-getriggertes kardiales CT erhielten. Wenn es möglich war, d.h. die Herzfrequenz <75/min, BMI <35 und ein Sinusrhythmus vorlag, wurde die prospektive EKG-getriggerte CTCA durchgeführt, alternativ kam die retrospektive EKG-getriggerte Technik zur Anwendung. Alle Segmente der Koronararterien, deren Lumendiameter ≥1.5mm betrug, wurden hinsichtlich Stenosen und Bildqualität analysiert und beurteilt. Die retrospektive EKG-getriggerte CTCA wurde bei 39 Patienten und die prospektive EKG-getriggerte CTCA bei 38 Patienten durchgeführt. Die mittlere Herzfrequenz (HF) betrug jeweils 69.5±9.1/min und 62.8±5.9/min. Bei der Detektion von Stenosen ≥50% zeigt die segment-(patienten-) basierte Betrachtung bei der retrospektiven EKG-getriggerten CTCA eine Sensitivität, Spezifität, positiven (PPV) und negativen prädiktiven Wert (NPV) von 97%, 98%, 71%, 100% (91%, 82%, 67%, 96%) und die prospektiv EKG-getriggerte CTCA 94%, 97%, 75%, 99% (93%, 96%, 93%, 96%). In der prospektiv EKG-getriggerten CTCA-Gruppe steigt die Sensitivität und der NPV bei Patienten mit einer HF ≤65/min. Gefäßspezifische Untersuchungen weisen bei der prospektiven Technik eine geringere diagnostische Aussagekraft bezüglich der rechten Koronararterie (RCA) auf, welche jedoch bei einer HF ≤65/min ansteigt. Die Bildqualität unterscheidet sich nicht signifikant in beiden Gruppen. Die Arbeit hat gezeigt, dass die prospektive EKG-getriggerte CTCA in einer heterogenen Patientenpopulation eine hohe diagnostische Genauigkeit und Bildqualität bei HF ≤65/min aufweist. Eine niedrige HF ist für die Beurteilung der RCA von besonderer Bedeutung.

La notion fiscale d’abus de droit est un sujet d’une grande actualité qui intéresse tous les acteurs de la vie des affaires. On parle de plus en plus dans nos médias, dans nos facultés, dans nos entreprises, comme dans nos foyers des termes d’optimisation fiscale, d’évasion fiscale, de fraude fiscale et d’abus de droit. De plus, l’actualité est marquée par la lutte contre les pratiques fiscales abusives des contribuables qui s’est opérée à divers échelons. Au niveau international avec l'initiative de l'OCDE et du G20 contre l'érosion de la base taxable et le transfert de bénéfices dit BEPS, au plan communautaire, avec l'action du législateur européen, de la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne et de la Commission européenne, et à l’échelon interne par les travaux du parlement. En droit interne, l’article 100 du projet de loi de finances pour 2014 prévoyait que l’adverbe « exclusivement », qui représente l’un des critères caractéristiques de l’abus de droit par fraude à la loi, soit remplacé par l’adverbe « principalement » fiscal dans l’article L. 64 du Livre des procédures fiscales. Le Conseil constitutionnel a censuré cette tentative du législateur dans une décision en date du 29 décembre 2013. Cette décision de censure pourrait être interprétée comme demandant au législateur de définir avec une plus grande précision le motif « principalement » fiscal, mais de manière générale de définir la notion même d’abus de droit. Rappelons que l’article L. 64 du LPF siège de la notion française d’abus de droit, ne définit pas l’abus de droit stricto-sensu, mais plutôt la procédure d’abus de droit. Il ne nous dit pas "qu'est ce que l'abus de droit", mais plutôt "comment l'abus de droit". Si les implications constitutionnelles ont été rapidement connues, les soubassements théoriques méritent d’être approfondis, notamment dans une approche comparative, et le cas échéant européenne et internationale de la question. Il s’est donc agit de mettre en lumière la notion fiscale d’abus de droit, à savoir son caractère saisissable ou non. Cette démonstration conduit nécessairement à répondre à plusieurs interrogations. Notamment, existe-t-il une notion unique et unanimement admise d'abus de droit ? En quoi la notion d’abus de droit est-elle insaisissable? La notion d’abus de droit se doit-elle d’être insaisissable? S’obliger à trouver une notion commune d’abus de droit, n’est-ce pas remettre en cause la logique intrinsèque de l’institution et lui retirer toute efficacité ? Faut-il privilégier une approche commune aux Etats-Membres de l’UE ? Une approche internationale de la question est-elle réalisable ? Quid de l’articulation des dispositifs anti-abus entre eux. C’est entre autre ces différentes interrogations qui ont été évoquées dans les développements de la thèse. / The fiscal notion of law abuse is a high profil topic which interests all business life actors. We hear more and more in our Medias, schools, businesses, as in our homes, such terms as tax optimization, tax evasion, tax fraud and abuse of law. In addition, news is marked by the fight against abusive tax practices of taxpayers that has taken place at various levels. Internationally, with the initiative of the OECD and G20 in the BEPS project. At EU level, with the measures taken by the European Commission and, at national level, by the work of parliament.In national law, recently, the article 100 of the Finance Bill for 2014, as passed by the Parliament, provided that the word "exclusively" which represents one of the characteristic criteria of abuse of law by legal fraud, be replaced with the word "primarily" tax in the article L. 64 of Tax Procedure Handbook.The Constitutional Council censured this legislative attempt in a decision dated December 29, 2013 on two grounds: It held that that article was against the objective of a constitutional value of accessibility and intelligibility of the law, and the principle of legality of offenses and penalties.This censorship decision is a decision which could be interpreted as asking to the Legislator to define with greater precision what it meant by "primarily" fiscal motive, but also generally define the concept of abuse of law in tax matters.It should be recalled in this regard that article L. 64 of the Tax Procedure Handbook, heart of the French concept of abuse of law, does not define abuse of law in the strict sense, but rather the abuse of law procedure. If the constitutional implications were quickly known, the theoretical foundations merit further examination, including a comparative approach, and if applicable European and international questions.It is therefore to clarify the tax concept of abuse of law, defining the abuse of law, namely its comprehensible aspect or not. It is the choice of that last idea that we made, namely to demonstrate the elusiveness of a notion of abuse of law.This demonstration leads necessarily to answer several questions. In particular, does a unique unanimously accepted concept exist? To what extend the notion of abuse of law cannot be found? Should the concept of abuse of law be elusive? If forced to find a common concept of abuse of law, isn’t it a challenge the institution’s logic and a withdraw of its efficiently? Should priority be given to a common approach of abuse of law definition by the European Union Member-States? What about the articulation of anti-abuse devices between them. It is among others the questions that have been raised in the developments.

Die koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) gehört zu den häufigsten Todesursachen in den westlichen Industrienationen. Die Diagnostik der Erkrankung hat somit großen Stellenwert in der Medizin. Akzeptierter Goldstandard zur Diagnostik einer KHK ist die Herzkatheteruntersuchung (HKU). Als nicht-invasive Alternative zur HKU hat sich in den letzten Jahren die Mehrzeilen-Computertomographie als zuverlässiges Verfahren für den KHK-Ausschluss bei mittlerer Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit etabliert. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die diagnostischen Eigenschaften der prospektiv getriggerten mit der retrospektiv getriggerten CT-Koronarangiographie (CTCA) an einem 64-Zeilen Gerät in einem heterogenen Patientenkollektiv mit unterschiedlichen kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen (Verdacht auf Koronare Herzkrankheit, Aortenaneurysma, präoperativ zum Aortenklappenersatz oder zur Pulmonalvenenablation, zum Ausschluss eines Tumors oder Perikarditiden) in Genauigkeit, Bildqualität und ihrer Anwendbarkeit gegenüberzustellen und sie mit dem Referenzstandard, der HKU, zu vergleichen. In diese Studie wurden retrospektiv 77 Patienten eingeschlossen, die ein EKG-getriggertes kardiales CT erhielten. Wenn es möglich war, d.h. die Herzfrequenz <75/min, BMI <35 und ein Sinusrhythmus vorlag, wurde die prospektive EKG-getriggerte CTCA durchgeführt, alternativ kam die retrospektive EKG-getriggerte Technik zur Anwendung. Alle Segmente der Koronararterien, deren Lumendiameter ≥1.5mm betrug, wurden hinsichtlich Stenosen und Bildqualität analysiert und beurteilt. Die retrospektive EKG-getriggerte CTCA wurde bei 39 Patienten und die prospektive EKG-getriggerte CTCA bei 38 Patienten durchgeführt. Die mittlere Herzfrequenz (HF) betrug jeweils 69.5±9.1/min und 62.8±5.9/min. Bei der Detektion von Stenosen ≥50% zeigt die segment-(patienten-) basierte Betrachtung bei der retrospektiven EKG-getriggerten CTCA eine Sensitivität, Spezifität, positiven (PPV) und negativen prädiktiven Wert (NPV) von 97%, 98%, 71%, 100% (91%, 82%, 67%, 96%) und die prospektiv EKG-getriggerte CTCA 94%, 97%, 75%, 99% (93%, 96%, 93%, 96%). In der prospektiv EKG-getriggerten CTCA-Gruppe steigt die Sensitivität und der NPV bei Patienten mit einer HF ≤65/min. Gefäßspezifische Untersuchungen weisen bei der prospektiven Technik eine geringere diagnostische Aussagekraft bezüglich der rechten Koronararterie (RCA) auf, welche jedoch bei einer HF ≤65/min ansteigt. Die Bildqualität unterscheidet sich nicht signifikant in beiden Gruppen. Die Arbeit hat gezeigt, dass die prospektive EKG-getriggerte CTCA in einer heterogenen Patientenpopulation eine hohe diagnostische Genauigkeit und Bildqualität bei HF ≤65/min aufweist. Eine niedrige HF ist für die Beurteilung der RCA von besonderer Bedeutung.:1 Bibliographische Beschreibung 2 Einleitung 2.1 Die koronare Herzerkrankung (KHK) 2.1.1 Definition und Epidemiologie 2.1.2 Ätiologie 2.1.3 Anatomie und Pathophysiologie 2.1.4 Symptomatik 2.2 Diagnostik der KHK 2.2.1 Basisdiagnostik 2.2.2 Bildgebende Diagnostik zur direkten Beurteilung der Koronargefäße 2.3 CT-Verfahren 2.3.1 Retrospektives EKG-Gating 2.3.2 Prospektives EKG-Gating 2.3.3 Diagnostische Genauigkeit der CT-Koronarangiographie (CTCA) 2.4 Aspekte zur Strahlendosis 2.5 Indikationen zur HKU und kardialen CT 2.6 Zielsetzung der Studie 3 Publikation 4 Zusammenfassung 5 Literaturverzeichnis 6 Anlagen 6.1 Selbständigkeitserklärung 6.2 Lebenslauf 6.2.1 Persönliche Daten 6.2.2 Beruflicher Werdegang 6.3 Danksagung