Le 21 septembre 2021, l’Assemblée nationale du Québec a adopté le projet de loi 64 afin de moderniser son régime de protection des renseignements personnels. S’inspirant du Règlement Général sur la Protection des Données européen, ce projet de loi renforce substantiellement les obligations des entreprises privées et des organismes publics à l’égard des renseignements personnels des Québécois. Ce projet de loi assure également le respect de certains principes juridiques applicables aux systèmes d’intelligence artificielle. Or, dans le cadre de ce mémoire, nous démontrons que des tensions existent entre quatre de ces principes. Ces principes sont : le principe d’explicabilité, le principe d’exactitude, le principe de sécurité ainsi que le principe d’équité et de non-discrimination. En effet, il est souvent difficile et parfois impossible d’assurer un respect conjoint de ces quatre principes. La présente étude se divise en trois chapitres. Le premier explore les quatre principes pour ensuite identifier les obligations légales québécoises qui permettent d’en assurer le respect. Le second expose les tensions entre ces principes. Le dernier propose une solution permettant aux entreprises et aux organismes publics québécois de réaliser les arbitrages nécessaires entre ces principes tout en respectant la Loi. / On September 21, 2021, the Quebec legislative passed Bill 64 to modernize its privacy regime. Inspired by the European General Data Protection Regulation, this bill strengthens the obligations of private companies and public bodies with respect to personal data. This bill also provides obligations protecting normative principles applicable to artificial intelligence systems. In this paper, we show that four of these principles exist in a state of tension. These principles are : explicability, accuracy, security and fairness and non-discrimination. Indeed, it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to ensure that these principles are respected together. This study is divided into three parts. The first part defines the four principles to then identifies how these principles are translated into Quebec law. The second part sets out the tensions between these principles. The last part provides a solution that would allow Quebec businesses and public bodies to make the necessary trade-offs between these principles in a matter that complies with their legal obligations.

La portabilité des données personnelles des consommateurs est encore une question récente dans le domaine de la protection de la vie privée. Parmi les normes étudiées dans ce travail, le Règlement Général sur la Protection des Données a été le premier à aborder la portabilité et le concept qu'il a établi guide d'autres législations, telles que celles du Québec et du Canada. L'objet de ce mémoire est de discuter de la mise en œuvre de ce nouveau droit lié aux technologies de l'information et à la circulation des données personnelles, en se concentrant sur les consommateurs et les entreprises qui feront partie de la portabilité des données personnelles. Cette étude est divisée en trois chapitres. Le premier explore les concepts de base liés au droit à la portabilité, tels que les données personnelles, les données liées à la relation avec le consommateur, la conceptualisation de la portabilité, son application et des exemples d'opérabilité. Le deuxième chapitre décrit comment le droit à la portabilité a été adopté dans la législation de l'Union européenne, dans le projet de loi fédérale actuellement examiné par le Parlement canadien et dans la nouvelle loi québécoise. La troisième traite de la mise en œuvre de la portabilité. Elle aborde le point de vue des entreprises, le maintien de la portabilité en tant que droit, le besoin de régulation, l'interopérabilité et les risques. / The portability of consumers' personal data is still a recent subject in the field of privacy protection. Among the standards studied in this work, the General Data Protection Regulation was the first to address portability and the concept it established guides other legislation, such as that of Quebec and Canada. The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss the implementation of this new right linked to information technologies and the circulation of personal data, focusing on the consumers and businesses that will be affected by the portability of personal data. This study is divided into three chapters. The first explores the basic concepts related to the right to portability, such as personal data, data related to the relationship with the consumer, the conceptualisation of portability, its application and examples of operability. The second chapter describes how the right to portability has been adopted in European Union legislation, in the federal bill currently before the Canadian Parliament and in the new Quebec law. The third deals with the implementation of portability. It addresses the point of view of businesses, the maintenance of portability as a right, the need for regulation, interoperability, and risks.

La Revista do Livro (Revue du Livre) fut publiée au Brésil entre les années 1956 et 1970, en tant que revue officielle de l’Instituto Nacional do Livro (Institut National du Livre), organe du gouvernement fédéral du Brésil responsable de la politique publique sur le livres et les bibliothèques entre 1938 et 1970. En 2002, la Revista do Livro fut reprise par le Departamento Nacional do Livro (Département national du livre), subordonné à la Fundação Biblioteca Nacional (Fondation bibliothèque nationale). Le projet conçu par le poète Augusto Meyer, avait attiré d’importants personnages de l’inteligentzia brésilienne au long des différentes étapes de sa publication. Chacune de celles-ci a correspondu à des différents moments politiques du pays. Dans sa première phase, la Revista do Livro fut publiée entre 1956 et 1961, période qui correspond à celle gouvernement du président Juscelino Kubistchek. La deuxième phase de publication, de 1964 jusqu’à 1970 correspond à la période de la dictature militaire au Brésil. La phase actuelle débuta en 2002, la même année de l’élection du président Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, le premier élu d’un parti de gauche à la tête du gouvernement au Brésil. Cette thèse se propose d’analyser, la première phase de publication de la Revista do Livro qui constitue son corpus. La présente thèse part de l’hypothèse que à travers la compréhension de l’action de la revue se dégage un projet politique, littéraire et culturel spécifique dont les objectives étaient d’imaginer et de sélectionner parmi les traditions brésiliennes celles qui devaient être la base de la formation d’une spécificité de la Littérature Brésilienne : la Littérature Brésilienne des « grands hommes ». / Published between the years 1956 and 1970, the Revista do Livro was the official organ of the Instituto Nacional do Livro. The Departamento Nacional do Livro - under the Fundação Biblioteca Nacional – had reclaimed the project in 2002. Conceived by the poet gaucho Augusto Meyer, the magazine gathered in their significant names in Brazilian intelligentsia pages at its various stages of publication, which coincided with different political moments Brazilians. Its first phase (1956-1961) comprises exactly the period of the Juscelino Kubitschek government and has 24 numbers divided into 20 volumes. Its second phase, from 1964 up to 1970, occurred during the period of military dictatorship in Brazil, with 19 issues published in 17 volumes. In addition, his third and current phase, begun in 2002, coincides with the election of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva of the Workers Party to the presidency and retrieves the sequence number of the magazine. The last number released on July 23, 2015, was the 55, totaling 12 issues in 12 volumes. Given this proliferation of numbers, we decided to make a cut in research corpus setting for this thesis, focusing on the first phase of the magazine. Therefore, we will work with the 24 first issues published between the years of 1956 and 61, extending the look at their early stage, i.e. for the years of planning and creation of the Instituto Nacional do LIvro and its journal. This thesis supports the hypothesis that the Revista do Livro acted as a political project, literary and specific cultural, whose objectives were to imagine and select the traditions that were the basis for (re) found the National Literature from the Constitution a canon based on the great figures of literary historiography. / Publicada entre os anos de 1956 e 1970, a Revista do Livro era o órgão oficial do Instituto Nacional do Livro. Seu projeto foi retomado pelo Departamento Nacional do Livro – subordinado à Fundação Biblioteca Nacional – em 2002. Idealizada pelo poeta gaúcho Augusto Meyer, a revista reuniu em suas páginas nomes significativos da intelectualidade brasileira em suas diferentes fases de publicação, que coincidiram com diferentes momentos políticos brasileiros. Sua primeira fase, de 1956 a 1961, compreende exatamente o período do Governo de Juscelino Kubitschek e possui 24 números divididos em 20 volumes. Sua segunda fase, de 1964 a 1970, ocorreu durante o período da Ditadura Militar no Brasil, com 19 números publicados em 17 volumes. E sua terceira e atual fase, iniciada em 2002, coincide com a eleição de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, do Partido dos Trabalhadores para a Presidência da República e recupera a sequência numérica da revista. O último número lançado, em 23 de julho de 2015, foi o 55, totalizando 12 números em 12 volumes. Diante dessa proliferação de números e de “coincidências históricas”, optamos por realizar um recorte na definição do corpus de pesquisa para a presente tese, focando na primeira fase da revista. Assim sendo, trabalharemos com os 24 primeiros números, publicados entre os anos de 1956 e 61, ampliando o olhar para a sua fase embrionária, ou seja, para os anos de planejamento e criação do Instituto Nacional do Livro e da sua revista. A presente tese sustenta a hipótese de que a Revista do Livro atuou a partir de um projeto político, literário e cultural específico, cujos objetivos eram imaginar e selecionar as tradições que serviriam de base para (re)fundar a Literatura Nacional a partir da constituição de um cânone baseado nos grandes vultos da historiografia literária.

O presente trabalho pretende narrar a história da Ala Vermelha, organização que surgiu como dissidência do Partido Comunista do Brasil (PC do B) e se transformou em partido autônomo em 1966, momento em que se inseriu nas lutas sociais brasileiras, chegando, inclusive, a realizar ações armadas de expropriação de fundos e de propaganda revolucionária entre 1968 e 1971. A Ala Vermelha apresenta um aspecto singular, que viria a distingui-la dos demais grupos guerrilheiros que atuavam naquela época no Brasil. Na plenitude do processo de luta armada, esta organização iniciou um procedimento autocrítico com relação à própria luta armada, procedimento este que se iniciou em 1969 para culminar em 1974, quando avaliou seu equívoco ao optar pelas ações armadas de forma imediata / The purpose of this work is to tell the story of the Red Wing, an organization that appeared originally as a dissidence inside the Brazilian Communist Party (PC do B) and became an autonomous party in 1966. From 1968 to 1971, it became actively involved in the Brazilian social struggle and even carried out armed actions to expropriate funds and disseminate revolutionary propaganda. The Red Wing had an unique trait that would distinguish it from other guerrilla groups operating at that time: in the heat of the armed struggle, this organization set off a self-criticism procedure focused on the very fight it was engaged on. This procedure was started in 1969 and culminated in 1974, when the organization concluded that its option for immediate armed reaction had been a mistake

Submitted by Rosana Moreira (rosanapsm@outlook.com) on 2018-11-29T17:35:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseInstrumentosNormativos.pdf: 1491880 bytes, checksum: 82841cc7f0f2c784194dae1607d79b21 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-11-29T18:12:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseInstrumentosNormativos.pdf: 1491880 bytes, checksum: 82841cc7f0f2c784194dae1607d79b21 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-29T18:12:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseInstrumentosNormativos.pdf: 1491880 bytes, checksum: 82841cc7f0f2c784194dae1607d79b21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-08 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Tomando como referência a comprovação científica de que a alimentação inadequada resulta em variados problemas de saúde, bem como o fato de que a alimentação foi, a partir de 2010, alçada à categoria de direito social disposto na Constituição Federal por meio da Emenda Constitucional nº 64, o presente estudo é voltado para a pesquisa acerca da efetiva observação desse direito em relação à população estudantil que recebe alimentação escolar no município de Belém a partir do ano de vigência da referida Emenda, delimitando o período de fevereiro/2010 a fevereiro/2018. Para tanto, assumiu como premissa que a plena efetivação do direito social à alimentação somente ocorre caso o alimento possua valor nutricional e que tal condição seja observada na elaboração dos instrumentos normativos (Editais de Licitação e Editais de Chamada Pública) que regem a aquisição dos alimentos destinados à alimentação escolar no município. O estudo enfocou a problemática acerca da baixa qualidade da alimentação escolar em alguns estabelecimentos de ensino em Belém, analisando os instrumentos normativos de aquisição pública municipal dos alimentos destinados à alimentação escolar à luz dos critérios de qualidade preconizados pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e das disposições da legislação vigente, e propõe alternativas para a mitigação da problemática apontada. / Taking as a reference the scientific evidence that inadequate food results in a variety of health problems, as well as the fact that, from 2010, food has been elevated to the category of social law set forth in the Federal Constitution through Constitutional Amendment number 64, the present study is directed to the research about the effective observation of this right in relation to the student population that receives school meals in the city of Belém from the year of validity of said Amendment, delimiting the period from February 2010 to February 2018. Therefore, it assumed as a premise that the full realization of the social right to food only occurs if the food has nutritional value and that this condition is in the drafting of normative instruments (Bidding Documents and Public Call Records) governing the acquisition of food intended for school lunches in the municipality. The study focused on the poor quality of school meals in some schools in Belém, analyzing the normative instruments of municipal public acquisition of food for school meals in the light of the quality criteria recommended by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and of the dispositions of the current legislation, and proposes alternatives for the mitigation of the mentioned problem.

O presente trabalho pretende narrar a história da Ala Vermelha, organização que surgiu como dissidência do Partido Comunista do Brasil (PC do B) e se transformou em partido autônomo em 1966, momento em que se inseriu nas lutas sociais brasileiras, chegando, inclusive, a realizar ações armadas de expropriação de fundos e de propaganda revolucionária entre 1968 e 1971. A Ala Vermelha apresenta um aspecto singular, que viria a distingui-la dos demais grupos guerrilheiros que atuavam naquela época no Brasil. Na plenitude do processo de luta armada, esta organização iniciou um procedimento autocrítico com relação à própria luta armada, procedimento este que se iniciou em 1969 para culminar em 1974, quando avaliou seu equívoco ao optar pelas ações armadas de forma imediata / The purpose of this work is to tell the story of the Red Wing, an organization that appeared originally as a dissidence inside the Brazilian Communist Party (PC do B) and became an autonomous party in 1966. From 1968 to 1971, it became actively involved in the Brazilian social struggle and even carried out armed actions to expropriate funds and disseminate revolutionary propaganda. The Red Wing had an unique trait that would distinguish it from other guerrilla groups operating at that time: in the heat of the armed struggle, this organization set off a self-criticism procedure focused on the very fight it was engaged on. This procedure was started in 1969 and culminated in 1974, when the organization concluded that its option for immediate armed reaction had been a mistake

L’agglomération antique de Grand a fait l’objet d’une recherche accrue depuis plus d’un demi-siècle. Les archéologues ont tour à tour investi de nouveaux secteurs de fouille dans l’objectif de percer la nature et le statut de ce site, célèbre pour ses découvertes extraordinaires. Au fil des opérations de terrain, le mobilier céramique dûment récolté a rempli les réserves et les vitrines de musées. Si la vaisselle en terre cuite a donné lieu a minima à une notice descriptive, aucune étude générale n’a présenté son évolution au cours du temps et à l’échelle du site. Ce travail de thèse se propose de répondre à cette lacune en livrant un outil typologique indispensable pour toutes opérations archéologiques futures. Le faciès céramique de Grand établi pour les quatre premiers siècles de notre ère vient quant à lui enrichir de nombreux axes de recherche tant à l’échelle du site qu’à celui du territoire des Leuques auquel il appartient / The ancient agglomeration of Grand has been the subject of increased research for more than half a century. Archaeologists have alternately invested new excavation areas with the objective of revealing the nature and status of this site, famous for its extraordinary discoveries. During the field operations, the duly collected ceramic pots and potsherds filled the reserves, the warehouses and the museum display case. Although ceramic has given rise to a description, no general study has presented on its evolution over time and on the scale of the site. This thesis wants to answer to theses questions by providing an indispensable typological tool for all future archaeological operations. The Grand ceramic facies established for the first four centuries of our era enrichies many research axes both on the scale of the site and that of the territory of the Leuci to which it belongs

Daniel Faria (1971-1999) est l’auteur de trois livres de poésie, Explicação das Árvores e de Outros Animais ; Homens que São Como Lugares Mal Situados et Dos Líquidos, publiés pour la première fois chez un éditeur à la visibilité réduite, Fundação Manuel Leão. L’intérêt littéraire de son œuvre est avéré, mais cette dernière souffre encore d’un manque d’attention. Entre la perspective théologique qui tend à épuiser l’œuvre, à la circonscrire, les lectures passionnelles où il n’est plus question de la poursuite d’un sens, de la quête de la dimension herméneutique, et quelques articles littéraires, la poésie de Daniel Faria accuse, du point de vue du travail universitaire, un réel déficit. Pour lever l’indétermination dans laquelle se trouve la poésie de Daniel Faria et ainsi échapper aux risques d’une extension de lectures qui tendent, avec précipitation, vers l’idée première d’une œuvre incompréhensible, sensible en cela à la seule question de l’expérience du transcendant, notre étude se propose de suivre la démarche herméneutique qui garantit le statut fondamental d’altérité du texte. L’objectif est dès lors relativement clair : soustraire l’œuvre poétique de Daniel Faria de toute expérience affective, resituer sa poésie, la repositionner dans le champ des études littéraires pour enfin arriver à une lecture plus pertinente de son œuvre, au plus près de la vérité textuelle de l’œuvre. Tel est l’enjeu de cette étude : préciser la portée de cette poésie, en soulignant la constance et la cohérence d’une réflexion qui associe expérience poétique et expérience mystique, et élucider leurs rapports sans déposséder l’expérience mystique de son essence propre. / Daniel Faria is the author of three books of poetry, Explicação das Árvores e de Outros Animais ; Homens que São Como Lugares Mal Situados et Dos Líquidos, published for the first time at a editor at the reduced visibility, Fundação Manuel Leão. The literary interest of its work is proved true, but the latter still suffers from an inattention. Between the theological prospect which tends to exhaust the work, to confine it, the passionate readings where it is not any more question of the pursuit of a sense, a quest of the hermeneutic dimension, and some literary articles, Daniel Faria's poetry accuses, from the point of view of the university work, a real deficit. To raise the indecision in which is Daniel Faria's poetry and so to escape the risks of an extension of readings which aim, with haste, towards the first idea of an incomprehensible, sensitive work in it at the only question of the experience of the transcendent, our study suggests following the hermeneutic approach which guarantees the fundamental status of otherness of the text. The objective is relatively clear from then on: shield Daniel Faria's poetic work of any emotional experience, re-place its poetry, reposition it in the field of the literary studies to arrive finally at a more relevant reading of its work, as closely as possible to the textual truth of the work. Such is the stake in this study: specify the reach of this poetry, by underlining the constancy and the coherence of a reflection which associates poetic experience and mystic experience, and to clarify their reports without dispossessing the mystic experience of its appropriate essence.

Development of nanostructures as MR contrast agent will significantly improve the field of disease diagnostics. Contrast agents such as iron oxide nanoparticles are less toxic compared to more commonly used gadolinium based agents. A subclass of iron based nano particles are super paramagnetic iron oxide nano particles, (SPIOs) which are widely studied MR contrast agents useful in both imaging and drug delivery applications. In this work, SPIOs were synthesized and characterized and used for cellular tracking and multi modal labeling. A new solvent exchange method was utilized to coat different core size iron oxide nano particles. SPIOs were characterized for in-vivo imaging using MR and they had a very uniform size distribution which was determine using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, blood circulation half-life of 16nm SPIOs were determined through tail vein injection. SPIOs have many applications among which is the in vivo tracking of stem cells which is critical for determination of stem cells fate after injection. Magnetic Resonance (MR) as a non-invasive method can provide significant information about the fate of the cells as well as determination of the success rate of therapeutic cellular deliveries. Mesenchymal stem cells can be loaded with super paramagnetic iron oxide nano particles (SPIOs) and have their movements followed once planted in vivo. We present our findings on the effect of SPIO concentration and stem cell density on the MR signal and transverse relaxation time. Our preliminary results indicated that SPIOs do not cause mesenchymal stem cell cytotoxicity and do not affect proliferation ability up to 200 μg/ml concentration. The release of the nanoparticles was investigated 24 hours post internalization and the result showed that SPIOs will stay inside the cell. We also found that the contrast increases in a concentration dependent manner. Our results suggest that using MR with low concentration of SPIOs is a novel and promising method for tracking of mesenchymal stem cells. In this work SPIOs were also labeled with 64Cu to investigate their potential for multi modal positron emission tomography (PET) MR imaging. Dual modality PET MR SPIO contrast agent can be synthesized to image diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. The advantage is the non-invasive and early detection of disease at molecular lever before it has spread to late stages or in case of the atherosclerosis before the plaque has blocked the vessel. To develop a multi modal contrast agent, a positron emitter, 64Cu (half-life of 12.701 ± 0.002 hours), was used in labeling and synthesis was performed all in one step with the addition of 64Cu chelator, 14-PE DTPA followed by radiolabeling for both 6.5nm SPIO and 17nm SPIO. After labeling and purification with the desalting column, the amount of dissociated 64Cu in the solution was determined using radio thin layer chromotagraphy (TLC) and the particle was shown to have minimum amount of fee 64Cu. Serum stability of labeled SPIO was determined in vitro by incubating 64Cu-labeled SPIOs in mouse serum at 37 °C for 24 hr with constant shaking. Radio TLC result then revealed that 64Cu stays bounded to the SPIO after 24 hours in mouse serum. This means that 64Cu labeled SPIO has a great potential as a dual modality contrast agents and further in-vivo studies are required to verify the findings.

Στην εργασία αυτή αντιμετωπίζεται το πρόβλημα της χωροθέτησης εγκαταστάσεων και της κατανομής της ζήτησης σε περιφερειακό επίπεδο μέσω της παρουσίασης σχετικών μαθηματικών υποδειγμάτων μικτού ακέραιου προγραμματισμού, τα οποία στη συνέχεια εφαρμόζονται σε περιπτωσιολογική μελέτη. Η εργασία αφορά την χωροθέτηση δημοσίων εγκαταστάσεων. Ειδικότερα, αναφέρεται στην κατηγορία των προβλημάτων χωροθέτησης που χρησιμοποιούν την τυπική συνάρτηση αποδοτικότητας minsum. Σε αυτές τις περιπτώσεις οι εγκαταστάσεις τοποθετούνται έτσι ώστε να ελαχιστοποιούν το άθροισμα του συνολικού κόστους μεταφοράς. Η εργασία επικεντρώνεται στην χωροθέτηση οχληρών εγκαταστάσεων και συγκεκριμένα στη χωροθέτηση εγκαταστάσεων διαχείρισης αστικών απορριμμάτων. Αυτές οι εγκαταστάσεις ασκούν επιδράσεις όχι μόνο στον χώρο που καταλαμβάνουν, αλλά και σε μεγάλες εκτάσεις γύρω τους. Το πρόβλημα χωροθέτησης σε αυτές τις περιπτώσεις γίνεται ακόμα πιο πολύπλοκο λόγω της αναγκαίας συνεκτίμησης πολλαπλών κριτηρίων. Για τον σκοπό αυτό αναπτύσσεται ένα εξειδικευμένο πλαίσιο παραγωγής μαθηματικών υποδειγμάτων. Ειδικότερα,. στην παρούσα διδακτορική εργασία, δημιουργήθηκαν μαθηματικά υποδείγματα βελτιστοποίησης μικτού ακέραιου προγραμματισμού, τα οποία στη συνέχεια αναλύονται με μεθόδους πολυκριτηριακής ανάλυσης. Τα υποδείγματα αυτά εφαρμόζονται σε περιπτωσιολογική μελέτη με θέμα το χωροθετικό σχεδιασμό ενός περιφερειακού συστήματος διαχείρισης των αστικών απορριμμάτων για τον νομό Αχαΐας. / This study considers a facility location problem with demand allocation in regional level through mixed integer programming models that have been developed for these propose. Afterwards, these models applied in a case study. The present research concerns mostly the public facility location problems. In particular, the PhD dissertation deals with models using the typical mathematical function of efficiency minsum. Therese models locate the facilities in order to minimize the sum of costs for opening facilities and variable transportation costs. The problem becomes more complicated if, in addition it is necessary to locate undesirable facilities. The selection of proper sites for the facilities with obnoxious characteristics is a sensitive issue that has often cause social and political tension. The multiobjective nature of the problem implies that a number of environmental social and political criteria have to be considered. The study presents a model generating framework for formulating location allocation models that applied in municipal solid waste management systems. These models analyzed via multicriteria methodology in order to select the locations of different types of facilities at the regional level. Finally, we apply these concepts in a case study for the development of a solid waste management system for a specific region in Greece.