LL.M. (Commercial Law) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

This essay analyses how Swedish authorities implement the EU regulations on the application of social security schemes and, more specifically, when it comes to health care and sickness benefits. The research is based on a survey and several interviews and aims to answer how the lower echelons of the hierarchy work towards the implementation, what are their working conditions and how the authorities evaluate and optimize the implementation process. The general conclusion of the study is that there are several flaws in the implementation process. The results have shown that there is a lack of resources as well as of tutoring and education amongst the actors. The complexity of the regulations does also seem to have influenced the process. Finally the results have shown that the public instances do not proceed to a systematic evaluation of the implementation process which has led to a bad communication between the different actors as well as to difficulties in improving the flaws in the implementation process.

The amendment of the Companies Act 61 of 1973 in 1999 by Companies Amendment Act 37 of 1999 made it possible for the first time, in South Africa, for a company to acquire its own shares and for a subsidiary to acquire shares in its holding company. The position introduced by the 1999 amendments was repealed in 2011 with the coming into effect of the Companies Act 71 of 2008. I have compared capital maintenance rule under the Companies Act 61 of 1973, as amended in 1999 with capital maintenance rule under the Companies Act 71 of 2008. I have also examined in detailed the requirements to be complied with when a company acquires its shares as well as the requirements to be complied with when a subsidiary acquires shares in its holding company. Copyright / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

This thesis sums up a bachelor project in which gamma-ray emission from an extra-galactic source (S50716+71) is studied using data collected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The emission consists of 12,5 years of data (April 2008 to February 2020) in the energy range 100 MeV - 300 GeV. The source has a high significance (>298) and is believed to be an active galactic nucleus in which there have to be mechanisms able to accelerate photons to these high energies. The mechanisms are believed to be of non-thermal origin and the general consensus is that they are the synchrotron radiation-process as well as the inverse Compton-process. These processes are discussed to some extent in the thesis as part of a fairly large theoretical background. The data was analyzed in several ways. The Enrico software contained in the package Fermitools provided by NASA was used to create curves of the flux as a function of time (lightcurves) as well as spectral distributions. The light curve showed that the source varies considerably with hardly any “quiet periods” at all during the twelve-year period. The light curve also showed a fast rise and fall of intensity between the high intensity and low intensity points. Spectral analyses were made for six chosen time-periods of interest through the fitting of three different functions, a powerlaw-function, a logparabola-function and a powerlaw function with exponential cutoff. The powerlaw function with exponential cutoff was favored in all periods except one where the log parabola-function was preferred. The data from one of the periods was then put into a multi-wavelength context of the source showing that the data is in agreement with previous collected data. This broad spectrum was then used to model the underlying energy distribution through a theoretical framework called the Synchrotron Self-Compton model (SSC). This was done using a modelling software called JetSet. The modelling resulted in a reasonable fit of the data and parameters that overall (at least in magnitude) seem to agree with results from other publications.

[pt] Metal Organic Frameworks(MOFs) são compostos de coordenação que possuem íons ou clusters metálicos ligados a espécies orgânicas, formando uma rede porosa, cristalina e de elevada área superficial. Essas características despertaram interesse no desenvolvimento de materiais oriundos de MOFs e, possivelmente, utilizá-los como catalisadores na produção de combustíveis líquidos. Nesta pesquisa, a síntese do Co-MOF-71 foi realizada pelo método solvotérmico, misturando ácido tereftálico, obtido a partir da despolimerização por hidrólise alcalina do polietileno tereftalato (PET) reciclável, e nitrato de cobalto hexahidratado, em solução de N,N-dimetilformamida, etanol e água. Após reação a temperatura de 110, 130 e 150 graus C, o material foi caracterizado quanto a sua resistência térmica, através da análise termogravimétrica, a cristalinidade, na análise de difração de raios X, e, de forma qualitativa, a composição elementar, avaliada na análise de microscopia eletrônica de varredura com energia dispersiva. O planejamento de experimentos de Box-Behnken foi elaborado, variando-se três fatores (temperatura, concentração de ácido tereftálico e quantidade de cobalto), totalizando quinze reações. A Co-MOF-71 foi calcinada em atmosfera inerte de N2 a 500 graus C para gerar uma matriz carbônica contendo cobalto, da qual a área superficial específica foi medida por adsorção-dessorção de N2, aplicando-se o método de Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. Um modelo polinomial de segunda ordem foi aplicado, com sua respectiva análise de variância (ANOVA) e os efeitos das variáveis de entrada foram classificados, constatando que a temperatura não exerceu influência significativa na faixa aplicada. Em seguida, o modelo foi atualizado, atingindo coeficiente de determinação (R2) de 87,39 por cento, revelando o teor de ácido tereftálico como o efeito mais expressivo. Além disso, a superfície de resposta confirmou que o cenário de maior área superficial é alcançado ao adicionar excesso de ligante orgânico no sistema, consistente com o melhor resultado experimental (82 m2.g-1). / [en] MOFs (Metal-organic frameworks) are special compounds that can be an interesting alternative for heterogeneous catalysis, due their singularities like a porous and crystalline structure with high specific area. This work proposes an environmentally favorable production route of Co-MOF-71 derived material, starting with the depolymerization of PET from plastic waste to obtain terephthalic acid, which is the source of ligand BDC (1,4-benzenodicarboxylate). The synthesis of Co-MOF-71 was performed by solvothermal method and, optimizing the research, Box-Behnken design were developed with three independent variables: amount of terephthalic acid, cobalt content, and temperature. The samples were characterized by XRD, TGA, and SEM analysis before and after calcination at 500 degrees C. Finally, the specific surface area was measured by N2 adsorption-desorption, and a second-order polynomial model was suggested, with its respective analysis of variance (ANOVA), indicating that temperature has no significant influence in the applied range. Then, the model was updated, reaching the coefficient of determination (R2 ) of 87.39 percent and presenting the terephthalic acid content as the most relevant effect. Additionally, the response surface confirmed the scenario of higher surface area with excess BDC in the system, consistent with the best experimental result (82 m2 / g).

No description available.

Εισαγωγή: Ο καρκίνος του λάρυγγα, ιδιαιτέρως σε προχωρημένα στάδια, είναι μία καταστροφική νόσος η οποία χαρακτηρίζεται από αυξημένη διηθητικότητα και μεταστατικότητα. Η ανεύρεση ενός δείκτη πρώιμης διάγνωσης, παρακολούθησης και πρόγνωσης της νόσου θα ήταν ιδιαίτερα ευπρόσδεκτη. Συνεχώς αυξανόμενα δεδομένα στη βιβλιογραφία υποστηρίζουν την προγνωστική αξία των ζελατινασών και τον πιθανό ρόλο τους ως μοριακών δεικτών μεταξύ άλλων και στον καρκίνο του λάρυγγα. Σκοπός: Η διαπίστωση μεταβολών στα επίπεδα ορού των ζελατινασών Α και Β σε ασθενείς με καρκίνο του λάρυγγα μετά από εφαρμογή θεραπείας, καθώς και η πιθανή συσχέτιση με διάφορες κλινικοπαθολογικές παραμέτρους πριν και μετά τη θεραπευτική παρέμβαση. Υλικό και μέθοδος: Σαράντα εννέα ασθενείς και 8 υγιείς μάρτυρες συμπεριλήφθηκαν στη μελέτη. Ελήφθησαν προεγχειρητικά και μετεγχειρητικά δείγματα ορού τα οποία στη συνέχεια υποβλήθηκαν σε ζυμογραφία ζελατίνης. Η παρουσία ζελατινασών επιβεβαιώθηκε με την τεχνική western blotting. Οι ζώνες λύσης ποσοτικοποιήθηκαν με τη χρήση Scion Image PC. Η ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων πραγματοποιήθηκε με το πρόγραμμα SPSS 17 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Αποτελέσματα: Στα ζυμογραφήματα αποτυπώθηκαν μόνο οι λανθάνουσες μορφές των ενζύμων (προένζυμα). Τα προ της θεραπείας επίπεδα και των δύο ζελατινασών στον ορό του αίματος των ασθενών με καρκίνο του λάρυγγα ήταν σημαντικά υψηλότερα σε σχέση με αυτά των υγιών μαρτύρων. Ασθενείς με υπεργλωττιδικό καρκίνωμα και ενεργοί καπνιστές είχαν σημαντικά υψηλότερα επίπεδα proMMP-2 σε σχέση με ασθενείς που έπασχαν από γλωττιδικό καρκίνωμα και με πρώην καπνιστές αντίστοιχα. Ασθενείς με πρωτοδιαγνωσμένη νόσο και ασθενείς με λεμφαδενικές μεταστάσεις είχαν σημαντικά χαμηλότερα προ της θεραπείας επίπεδα proMMP-9 σε σχέση με ασθενείς που προσήλθαν με υποτροπή και με ασθενείς στους οποίους δεν διαπιστώθηκε επιχώρια νόσος αντίστοιχα. Κατά τη διάρκεια της συστηματικής παρακολούθησης τα επίπεδα της proMMP-2 στον ορό παρουσίασαν σημαντική αύξηση τις πρώτες 10 με 15 ημέρες μετά την εφαρμογή θεραπείας, για να μειωθούν σταδιακά εντός των επόμενων μηνών. Οι ενεργοί καπνιστές παρουσίασαν σημαντική μείωση των επιπέδων της proMMP-2 κατά την περίοδο παρακολούθησης, σε αντίθεση με τους πρώην καπνιστές οι οποίοι εμφάνισαν σημαντική αύξηση κατά το ίδιο χρονικό διάστημα. Οι ασθενείς σταδίου ΙΙ είχαν σημαντικά χαμηλότερα επίπεδα proMMP-2 σε σχέση με ασθενείς προχωρημένων σταδίων πέντε με οκτώ μήνες μετά τη θεραπεία, όπως και οι ασθενείς οι οποίοι υποβλήθηκαν σε συντηρητική αντιμετώπιση σε σχέση με τους χειρουργημένους ασθενείς. Τα επίπεδα της proMMP-9 στον ορό επίσης παρουσίασαν σημαντική πτώση μετά την εφαρμογή θεραπείας. Διαφορές στο ρυθμό μείωσης των επιπέδων της proMMP-9 παρατηρήθηκαν μεταξύ των διαφόρων ομάδων ως προς το στάδιο, τη διαφοροποίηση, την εντόπιση, τον τύπο της νόσου (πρωτοδιαγνωσμένη ή υποτροπή), τις λεμφαδενικές μεταστάσεις, τον τρόπο αντιμετώπισης και την κατανάλωση αλκοόλ. Ωστόσο αυτή η διαφορά δεν διατηρήθηκε πέντε με οκτώ μήνες μετά την εφαρμογή θεραπείας, με εξαίρεση την ομάδα των χειρουργημένων ασθενών, οι οποίοι διατήρησαν σημαντικά υψηλότερα επίπεδα ενζύμου στον ορό. Αύξηση των ζελατινασών παρατηρήθηκε στον ορό ασθενών που εκδήλωσαν υποτροπή μετά από αντιμετώπιση πρωτοδιαγνωσμένης νόσου σε σχέση με αυτούς που δεν υποτροπίασαν. Ωστόσο εξαιτίας του μικρού δείγματος δεν είναι δυνατόν να εξαχθούν ασφαλή συμπεράσματα. Συμπεράσματα: Αν και δεν υφίστανται φυσιολογικές τιμές, το πρότυπο μεταβολής των επιπέδων της proMMP-9 στον ορό μετά από θεραπεία καταδεικνύει πιθανές ιδιότητες μοριακού δείκτη. Ωστόσο υπάρχουν ενδείξεις ότι και οι δύο ζελατινάσες θα μπορούσαν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την εξατομικευμένη παρακολούθηση ασθενών με καρκίνο του λάρυγγα. Περαιτέρω έρευνα απαιτείται για την αποσαφήνιση του ζητήματος. / Introduction: Laryngeal cancer, especially in the advanced stages, is a highly devastating disease, characterized by increased invasiveness and high rates of metastasis. The identification of reliable tumour marker for prompt diagnosis, surveillance and prognosis would be highly desirable. There is a growing body of evidence with regard to the prognostic value of gelatinases and their possible role as tumour markers. Aim: To identify the pattern of alteration of serum gelatinases A and B in patients with laryngeal cancer following treatment, and a possible correlation with various clinicopathological parameters prior to and past treatment. Materials and methods: Forty nine patients and 8 healthy controls were included in the study. Pre-treatment and post-treatment serum samples were collected and processed by gelatin zymography. The presence of gelatinases was verified by western blotting. The zymograms were scanned by a digital scanner and the lysis bands were quantified by Scion Image PC. Analysis of the quantitative results was performed by using SPSS 17 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Only the latent forms of MMP-2 and -9 (proforms) were identified. Both gelatinases were increased in the serum of laryngeal cancer patients compared to healthy individuals. Patients with supraglottic tumours and active smokers had significantly higher pre-treatment levels of proMMP-2 than patients with glottic tumours and ex-smokers, respectively. Patients with primary disease and patients with lymph node involvement showed lower proMMP-9 pre-treatment levels than patients with recurrence and patients without neck disease, respectively. During the follow-up period the proMMP-2 serum levels increased significantly in the first ten to fifteen days after treatment, gradually decreasing over the following months. Smokers showed a very high decrease rate of proMMP-2 levels during the follow-up period, whereas in ex-smokers proMMP-2 levels significantly increased. Stage II patients showed significantly lower levels of circulating enzyme compared to patients with more advanced disease five to eight months past treatment. Similarly, conservative management was associated with lower levels of serum proMMP-2 compared to surgical management five to eight months following treatment. The proMMP-9 serum levels also showed a gradual decrease after treatment, which was statistically significant. Significant alterations in the rate of decrease developed among groups with regard to stage, grade, location, type of disease (primary or recurrence), regional disease, treatment modality and alcohol consumption. Nevertheless those differences were not maintained five to eight months past treatment, with the exception of patients who underwent surgery and who maintained higher levels of proMMP-9. An increase to the levels of both gelatinases were observed in patients with recurrent disease after having been treated for a primary compared to patients who did not develop a recurrence. However, the small sample of patients with recurrent disease during the follow-up period does not allow extrapolating sound conclusions. Conclusions: Although as yet normal values have not been established in the literature, the post-treatment alteration pattern of proMMP-9 serum levels indicates that this enzyme might play a role as a tumour marker. Nevertheless this study provides evidence that both gelatinases might be useful for surveillance on strictly individual basis in laryngeal cancer patients. Further research is necessary to clarify the contribution of both gelatinases to the disease progress and determine their role as prognostic factors and tumour markers.

The doctoral thesis examines a case study (not yet investigated), which belongs to the small group of large tourism operations planned during the 60s in the Spanish Mediterranean area. The researcher studies the first management plan of the city of Maspalomas Costa Canaria (Gran Canaria) in order to contribute to and highlight some of the thoughts that arise from the current urban and coastal debate. The case study of Maspalomas, along with the Mar Menor tourism plan (1961-1967) and the international competition project Elviria (1961), is part of the first "educated" experiences in the Spanish littoral tourism planning. The thesis starts from the hypothesis of the UNIQUE and SOPHISTICATED nature of the Maspalomas plan. The plan designed by the French atelier AS ATEA+SETAP, object of an international competition, presented prodigious qualities and features for its time. Today, 50 years later, it becomes one of the outstanding plans, among the rest of tourism interventions, planned during the 60s in the Spanish and French littoral. The adopted methodology consistently supports the proposed hypothesis, using the most direct sources that ccnfirm it. To do this, it was neoessary to investigate: 1. The landscape and its sophisticated representation in the plan (organic and dynamic), by consulting the magazines L'architecture d'aujourd'hui, Urbanisme y Techniques & Architecture between the 50s and 60s decade. Morphologic analysis of Maspalomas landscape, through the 1961 orthophoto pertaining the study area. 2. The study of the French university reform through the visit of the archive oentre "Cité de I'architecture & du patrimoine" (Paris) and the library of the École Nationale Supérieure de Beaux-Arts ENSBA (Paris). 3. Detailed study of the operation and structure of the AS atelier, through researching the archives of the "Centre de documentation de I'urbanime", the "Cité de I'architecture & du patrimoine" and the magazines mentioned in point 1. 4. Historical analysis of the competition and the relation with the International Union of Architects through the consultation of the paper Falange y Diario de Las Palmas, UIA magazine, interviews with still alive architects from AS (Jean Dimitrijevic y Alain Nama), Cano Lasso studios (Madrid), Julio LaFuente (Rome) and Alejandro dal Castillo (son of the promoter). The doctoral thesis, following the methodology described, was able to give form and substanoe to each of the four parts that constitute the research: landscape; education and training; the work of AS ATEA+SETA; and the competition. The landscape was studied according to the French cultural context and a morphologic analysis of the elements that built the landscape of Maspalomas. The teachings of the AS members and the methods adopted in the ENSBA served as the basis for working with nature and the territory. The work of AS and a review of the plans of highest profile, make the plan of Maspalomas a fine example that shows the value of multidisciplinarity as a method to achieve the sophisticated nature of the plan of Maspalomas. And the study of the competition, as an extraordinary event within the international competitions sponsored by UIA, through the writing of their basis, the selection board, records,participants and projects. The condusion of the thesis emphasises the landscape (activator, dynamic and scale breaks) as the main argument in the coastal planning of the 60s, making the natural and the most physical elements of the territory the basis for urban and tourism planning. A change in the conoeption 0f the landscape and the French teaching system of the late 50s, the study of the work of AS ATEA+SETAP and the celebration of the Maspalomas Costa Canaria intemational competition served as the development. / La tesis doctoral analiza un caso de estudio (aún sin investigar), que pertenece al reducido grupo de grandes operaciones turísticas proyectadas durante los años 60 en el arco mediterráneo español. El investigador estudia el primer plan de ordenación de la ciudad de Maspalomas Costa Canaria (Gran Canaria) con el fin de contribuir y protagonizar algunas de las reflexiones que surgen del debate urbano y costero actual. El caso de estudio de Maspalomas forma parte, junto con el plan turístico del Mar Menor (1961-1967) y el proyecto del concurso internacional Elviria (1961), de las primeras experiencias "cultas" en la planificación turística del litoral español. La tesis tiene como hipótesis de partida el carácter SINGULAR y AVANZADO del plan de Maspalomas. El proyecto diseñado por el atelier francés AS ATEA+SETAP, objeto de la celebración de un concurso internacional, presentó cualidades y características prodigiosas para su época. Hoy, 50 años después se convierte en uno de los planes destacados del resto de las intervenciones turísticas proyectadas durante los años 60 del litoral español y francés. La metodología empleada avala de manera coherente la hipótesis planteada, recurriendo a las fuentes más directas que lo confirman. Para ello, fue necesario indagar en: 1. El paisaje y su representación avanzada en el plano (orgánico y dinámico), consultando en las revistas L'architecture d'aujourd'hui, Urbanisme y Techniques & Architecture entre la década de los 50 y 60. Análisis morfológico del paisaje de Maspalomas, a través de la ortofoto de 1961 perteneciente a la zona de estudio. 2. Estudio de la reforma universitaria en Francia mediante la visita al centro de documentación "Cité de l'architecture & du patrimoine" (París) y la biblioteca de l'École Nationale Supérieure de Beaux-Arts ENSBA (París). 3. Estudio con detalle del funcionamiento y estructura del atelier AS, por medio de la búsqueda los archivos del "Centre de documentation de l'urbanime", la "Cité de l'architecture & du patrimoine" y vaciado de revistas mencionadas en el punto 1. 4. Análisis histórico del concurso y la relación con la Unión Internacional de Arquitectos a través de la consulta del periódico la Falange y Diario de Las Palmas, revista de U.I,A, entrevistas a los arquitectos en vida de AS (Jean Dimitrijevic y Alain Nama), estudio Cano Lasso (Madrid), Julio LaFuente (Roma) y Alejandro del Castillo (hijo del promotor). La tesis doctoral siguiendo la metodología descrita fue capaz de dar forma y contenido a cada una de las cuatro partes que da forma a la investigación: paisaje; enseñanza y formación; la obra de AS ATEA+SETA; y el concurso. El paisaje se estudió según el contexto cultural francés y un análisis morfológico de los elementos que construyeron el paisaje de Maspalomas. La enseñanza de los miembros de AS y los métodos empleados en la ENSBA sirvieron como base para trabajar con lo natural y el territorio. La obra de AS y una revisión de los planes proyectados con mayor relieve, sitúan al plan de Maspalomas como un claro ejemplo que expone el valor de la multidisciplinariedad como método para alcanzar el carácter avanzado del plan de Maspalomas. Y el estudio del concurso, como evento extraordinario dentro de los concursos internacionales auspiciado por la UIA, por medio de la redacción de sus bases, el tribunal calificador, actas, participantes y proyectos. La conclusión de la tesis pone de relieve el paisaje (activador, dinámico y saltos de escala) como argumento principal en la planificación costera de los 60', haciendo de lo natural y de los elementos más físicos del territorio la base del proyecto urbano y turístico. Un cambio en la concepción del paisaje y del sistema de enseñanza francesa a finales de los 50', el estudio de la obra de AS ATEA+SETAP y de la celebración del concurso internacional Maspalomas Costa Canaria sirvieron como desarrollo para destacar el valor del paisaje en la planificación, y así, seguir aprendiendo de ello.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Volnei Luiz Denardi-Dissertacao Texto Integral.pdf: 1227600 bytes, checksum: 3f978c6df74e38220b20c77f93afa7d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-19 / Tribunal Regional Federal da Terceira Região / The development of the topic judicial and extra-judicial executions in the Housing Financial Systems, governed by Law No. 5741/71 and by Law-Decree No. 70/66, respectively, has as main object to deal with the polemic issues involving these procedures, created under a regime of exception with the purpose of promoting the economic and social development. Although much quicker than the traditional legal procedures, reaching the so much desired scope by means of an alternative and quick way of solving conflicts, the extra-judicial execution still arises controversies in legal scholarship and case law, even over nearly 40 years after the enactment of Law-Decree No. 70/66. Notwithstanding the favorable standpoint taken by the Federal Supreme Court, the constitutional aspects of this procedure still are under discussion, thereby originating issues related to the due process of law, from which issues related to contestation, impartiality and natural judge are derived. No less effective, the procedure established by Law No. 5741/71, destined to the special mortgage execution of contracts entered into within the Housing Financial System, differentiating it from the common procedure of the Civil Procedural Code in face of the suppression of some execution acts, as well as of the limitation of the borrower s equity liability to the excussion of the property mortgaged in the loan contract collateralized by a mortgage. In the special mortgage execution, the debtor can submit the same defenses applicable to the common execution procedure against a solvent debtor contemplated by the Civil Procedural Code, such as debtor s embargoes, intraprocedural defense, and defenses carried out through autonomous information actions. We can highlight, as to the means of defense, the non-suspensivity of debtor s embargoes until the mortgaged property disoccupation. / O desenvolvimento do tema execuções judicial e extrajudicial no Sistema Financeiro da Habitação, disciplinadas na Lei nº 5.741/71 e no Decreto-lei nº 70/66, respectivamente, tem como objetivo fundamental tratar das questões polêmicas que envolvem esses procedimentos, criados em época de regime de exceção com o escopo de promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social. Embora muito mais célere do que os procedimentos judiciais tradicionais, atingindo o tão almejado escopo por forma alternativa ágil na resolução de conflitos, a execução extrajudicial ainda desperta controvérsias na doutrina e na jurisprudência, mesmo depois de quase 40 anos da promulgação do Decreto-lei nº 70/66. Não obstante a posição favorável assumida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, ainda são discutidos os aspectos constitucionais desse procedimento, surgindo daí questões relacionadas ao princípio do devido processo legal, do qual decorrem o do contraditório, o da imparcialidade e o do juiz natural. Não menos efetivo o procedimento estabelecido na Lei nº 5.741/71, destinado à execução especial hipotecária dos contratos firmados no âmbito do Sistema Financeiro da Habitação, diferenciando-se do procedimento comum do Código de Processo Civil em face da supressão de alguns atos executivos, como pela limitação da responsabilidade patrimonial do mutuário à excussão do bem hipotecado no contrato de mútuo garantido por hipoteca. Na execução especial hipotecária, o devedor pode oferecer as mesmas defesas cabíveis no procedimento comum de execução contra devedor solvente do Código de Processo Civil, como os embargos do devedor, defesa intraprocessual e a realizada por meio de ações autônomas de conhecimento. Destaca-se, quanto aos meios de defesa, a não suspensividade dos embargos do devedor até a desocupação do imóvel hipotecado.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leisa Alves Ribeiro.pdf: 658118 bytes, checksum: 797b46dd4fb874be108b0d5867d77883 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This master dissertation presents the results of a research whose purpose was to organize and analyse the articles and editorials about Secondary Education published in the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo (OESP) from 1972 to 1977, when the educational reform 5692 was implemented. We aimed to examine how this newspaper, which always had Education as one of its principal themes in its pages, printed the reform and reacted to the government s reform and its implementation. Due to the military dictatorship, the approaches of the articles and editorials published in OESP vary between a soft and hard tone, a tendency found in the Brazilian media. When the political program distensão - a gradual relaxation of the authoritarian rule - takes place in the country, the editorials and articles, that before only showed the difficulties to implement the reform in the Brazilian States, started to criticize openly the government and to show that the reform was a failure. At this period, OESP interviewed people from several social fields to speak about the Secondary Educational System. Lack of educational facilities and financial aid were pointed as the reason of the failure of the reform. Besides that, the newspaper OESP shows that its ideas about Secondary Education are opposed to the reform proposed by the government. The former is for academic studies whereas the latter for a technical education / Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa documental que teve como objetivos organizar e analisar as matérias e os editoriais sobre o ensino de 2o. grau publicados no jornal O Estado de S. Paulo (OESP) entre os anos de 1972 a 1977, momento da implementação da reforma do ensino médio (Lei 5.692/71), a fim de verificar como esse jornal, que tradicionalmente teve na educação um de seus temas principais, acompanhou a reforma e se posicionou diante de seus princípios e medidas de implantação. Tendo sido publicados durante os anos da ditadura militar, as matérias e editoriais oscilam entre o teor contido e o crítico , acompanhando o movimento geral da grande imprensa com relação ao governo ditatorial. Com o processo de distensão política, os editoriais e matérias, que antes apontavam as dificuldades de implementação das medidas da lei nos estados, passaram a criticar diretamente o governo e a denunciar o malogro da reforma. Nesse momento, OESP traz a suas páginas a voz de setores da sociedade que abordaram a falta de recursos materiais e físicos para a profissionalização do ensino médio, além de manifestar a sua própria proposta para o ensino de 2o. grau: a formação geral, humanista, em contraposição à formação profissionalizante proposta pelo governo