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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
391

Preparation And Characterization Of Silver Sers Nanotags

Kibar, Seda 01 December 2010 (has links) (PDF)
ABSTRACT PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER SERS NANOTAGS Kibar, Seda M.S., Department of Chemistry Supervisor: Prof. Dr. M&uuml / rvet Volkan December 2010, 88 pages Tags are materials used for labeling substances and so make possible the qualitative and quantitative analysis both in macroscopic and microscopic world. Nowadays, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy became the favored one among the optical based-tag detection systems. Progress in surface enhanced Raman detection and imaging technologies depends on the availability of Raman labels with strong light scattering characteristics. In this study various SERS nanotags were prepared. An ideal SERS nanotag consists of three parts, core nanoparticle for enhancement, Raman active molecule for signature and a shell for protection and further functionalization. As a core material, silver nanoparticles were prepared using the chemical reduction method with sodium citrate as reductant. SERS enhancement provided by Ag particles prepared was examined. For colloidal stabilization and further surface modifications, silica with a controlled thickness was deposited on Ag nanoparticles. Three single-dye doped nanotags, Ag-BCB@SiO2 Ag-CFV@SiO2 and Ag-CV@SiO2 were prepared using positively charged dyes, brilliant cresyl blue (BCB), cresyl fast violet (CFV) and cresyl violet (CV). The effects of silica thickness and dye concentration in the reaction medium were examined. Stability of prepared nanotags and repeatability of the method were investigated. Multi-dye doped nanotags were prepared using BCB and CFV solutions mixed at various concentration ratios. Resulting Raman spectra Ag-BCB-CFV@SiO2 nanotags successfully exhibited characteristic peaks of each dye with a good resolution. In addition, the molar ratio between dyes BCB and CFV was reflected on the related spectra. A linear correlation was observed between the molar ratio of the dyes and their Raman intensity ratio.
392

Evaluation Of Persistent Organic Pollutants (pops) In Balikesir Dam Lake Sediments

Gokmen, Pinar 01 February 2011 (has links) (PDF)
In this study, the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) specifically / 17 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) and 19 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated in the sediment samples of Balikesir (Ikizcetepeler) Dam Lake. Sixteen sampling points were chosen for determination of concentrations of OCPs and PAHs After ultrasonic bath extraction of the sediment samples GC-MS was used as analytical tool. Extraction efficiencies changes from 63.8 to 87.4% depending on the type of the POPs. Average OCP concentration was found in the range of 3.33-379 &micro / g/kg a, average PAH concentration was found in the range of 3.28-32.9 &micro / g/kg. Pollution maps regarding OCP and PAH distributions were drawn and the correlation between these two pollutant types was investigated. The quality control (QC) and quality assurance tests were applied by the analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs), surrogate standards and analysis replicates.
393

Emotionen und Erlebnisse beim Public Viewing / Explorative interdisziplinäre Analyse eines gesellschaftlichen Phänomens / Emotions and experiences caused by public viewing events / Explorative interdisciplinary analysis of a societal phenomenon

Ufer, Britta 26 June 2009 (has links)
No description available.
394

An institutional approach to urban fragmentation : power and sustainability in un-recognized settlements of Mumbai

Michelutti, Enrico 10 January 2014 (has links)
Urban fragmentation is a phenomenon which characterizes the so-called "global city", both in the North and in the South of the world. Since the 1990s, several disciplines have approached fragmentation dynamics from different perspectives, mainly focusing on their consequences in the urban fabric. Urban fragmentation has risen to the attention of decision-makers as a "political issue" during the 2000s, particularly after the global crisis of 2008, with the increase of socio-economic inequalities in urban areas and the emerging of the question of rights as key issues for city development. In this period some authors started a debate on the causes and the roots of the phenomenon, influenced by their different ethical-political and ideological positions on society and on the city. Thus urban fragmentation has become one of the paradigmatic phenomena to rethink what sustainability actually is in its urban connotation and to question current policies addressing sustainable development at the city scale. The research explores urban fragmentation processes through a new institutional approach. Following the French-Syrian linguist Emil Benveniste, within a neo-institutionalist perspective, institutions are thought of here in a "radical" way, as entities structuring society (state, law, religion, technology, processes of thought and word, etc.), thus including both organizations and mental models and coming back to their etymological meaning in the Indo-European culture. This focus allows the research to go beyond the superficial facets of the phenomenon and understand the relations in place between the socio-spatial aspects, the institutional roots, the power balances and the planning solutions which involve fragmented territories. In this work the knowledge of the phenomenon is generated through an analysis grounded in the researcher's fieldwork experience in Mumbai. In the literature, Mumbai is commonly identified as a "fragmented city", and this statement is confirmed by a wide range of narratives on the theme. The research works at the community scale, focusing on three legally un-recognized settlements and using these case study areas for their richness in evidencing fragmentation dynamics characterizing the whole urban fabric. Key findings from the analysis of the fieldwork are that the "not notified" settlements are involved in power relations without any protection by the public authorities and, due to their condition of socio-economic and legal-political vulnerability (even in relation to other recognized slums in Mumbai), develop underlying practices of negotiation with the Municipality and criminal institutions, which control the territory, bypassing conventional urban policies and developing specific planning rationalities. At the empirical level, the research shows the importance of the recognition of "not notified" settlements, seeking basic rights to the city, promoting inclusive urban policies and mitigating fragmentation tendencies. On a methodological plane, the narrative of the research shows the key role played by institutions in shaping fragmentation processes and the relevance of the institutional dimension in understanding the complexities embedded in these urban dynamics. From a theoretical perspective, the research allows reconsidering the role of equity in planning practices: a more equal distribution of power, as emerged in some case study experiences, is a pre-condition in reducing urban fragmentation and in fostering a sustainable development of the city.
395

La tuberculose dans l'espace social barcelonais : 1929-1936

Miralles Buil, Celia 18 June 2014 (has links)
Cotutela Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i Université Lumière - Lyon 2 / "Consumption", a major concern of the late 19th century, was still a disease associated with misery in the collective imagination of the early 20th century. The present dissertation focuses on consumption in the Barcelonian social space of the 1930s: it seeks to circumscribe the multiple meanings of tuberculosis which emerge from medical discourse as well as from the patients' experience. The discovery of the Koch bacillus in 1882 entailed a redefinition of the fight against tuberculosis, as the bacillus came to be seen as the single cause of the disease. Since priority was given to the eradication of the contagious agent, tuberculosis was more than before associated with dust, unsanitary and crowded environments . From 1929 to 1936, the Catalan authorities in Barcelona concentrated on preventive action, which consisted in the extirpation of the Koch bacillus from housing in some a reas that were precisely identified. Besides the analysis of tuberculosis as a homogeneous social construct, the present dissertation takes the patients' points of view into account. Tuberculosis is a social disease that characterises a group of individuals and isolates them from the rest of society. A focus on individuals who were treated in a network of free dispensaries, hospitals and sanatoriums helps us understand their position in the social landscape of Barcelona at that time : prior to being diagnosed with tuberculosis, the patients had been working and were often marginally integrated to the city's life without being altogether socially isolated. Contracting the disease is what downgraded them to the category of medically treated paupers. More than a common status though, tuberculosis was a personal experience for the individuals struggling against the disease and getting cured. The latter's clinical files provide a bottom -up perspective on medical institutions and on the logics of modern medical discourse. The patients' individual trajectories in the capital of Catalonia further blur the unified and homogeneous reference to tuberculosis, as they give priority to personal concerns over health requirements and over the absolute necessity of the fight against the bacillus, thus revealing diverging contemporary understandings of the fight against tuberculosis . / La antes denominada tisis pulmonar, enfermedad social por excelencia del siglo XIX, sigue siendo, aun en el siglo XX, empreñada de un fuerte imaginario común asociado a la miseria social. Esa tesis doctoral pretende analizar la inscripción de esta enfermedad en el espacio social barcelonés de los años 1930 y con este fin toma en cuenta las múltiples acepciones de la tuberculosis , entremezclando discursos de los médicos y vivencias de los pacientes. Con el descubrimiento del bacilo de Koch en 1882, el microbio se convierte en la única causa de la enfermedad lo cual supone una redefinición de la lucha antituberculosa, ahora directamente orientada hacia la eliminación del agente contagioso. Aun más que antes, la tuberculosis es entonces asociada al rincón polvoriento, al ambiente insalubre y el hacinamiento. En Barcelona entre 1929 y 1936 las autoridades catalanas se concentran en el establecimiento de una lucha preventiva que aspira a extirpar el germen de ciertas viviendas precisamente identificadas en la ciudad. La tuberculosis también es una enfermedad social que caracteriza a un grupo de individuos aislándolo del resto de la sociedad. Además de una reflexión sobre la construcción social de una categoría homogénea alrededor del denominador común que constituye el microbio, esa tesis tiene como objetivo realzar la realidad vivida por los individuos enfermos curados en los dispensarios, hospitales y sanatorios gratuitos, así como entender sus maneras de desenvolverse en el panorama social barcelonés en esa época. Asi aparece que los tuberculosos suelen ser unos activos con una posición social precaria, vinculada a una menor integración en la ciudad, sin ser por lo tanto completamente aislados socialmente. Es la declaración de la enfermedad la que les hace "bascular" en un grupo de excluidos sociales asumidos como tales por las autoridades médicas. Pero, más que un identificador común, la tuberculosis es sobre todo una vivencia personal. El enfermo es un actor esencial de su enfermedad tanto como de su curación, y su recorrido muestra una práctica de la lucha que permite redefinir desde abajo las estructuras asistenciales y la lógica médica moderna tal como es evocada en los discursos . Por fin, los recorridos individuales de enfermos en Barcelona nublan sobre todo la percepción de una categoría unificada y homogénea, realzando las preocupaciones personales que se sobreponen a la exigencia de salud, o a la absoluta necesidad de prevenirse frente al germen, dejando ver visiones discrepantes de la lucha contra la enfermedad.
396

Modelo de desarrollo local sostenible : el caso del Municipio de São João Del Rei (Brasil)

Neves Monteiro, Denisson 14 February 2014 (has links)
A sustainable local development model is a guide for the development of strategies, it is no longer a single recipe. This includes aspects of the analysis of the region's potential, the diagnosis of the city’s problems, phases, actions and activities to be considered for the deployment of local development. They should be aimed at reviewing the values of the financial, human, physical, technical, social, cultural and environmental issues. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to propose a model to identify the determinants of stagnation of development in the city of São João Del Rei and and can be applied to other areas with similar characteristics. There is a purpose to develop a sustainable local proposal a diagnosis of the city was made and then a quantitative and qualitative methodology was applied, in order to establish appropriate parameters for configuring the local sustainable development model. This intellectual interest awoke productive function of stagnation over the last 25 years of this important historic city of Brazil. Featured by colonial architecture, and the Federal University for being the Cultural Capital of Brazil in 2007, in contrast, it is said to be a such a disorganized city, whose political and structural goals are never planned in advance. The project is justified by their own condition to propose a practical level, developing the potential of productive activities and tourism, with the potential to provide a significant impact on the local development of the city. Since Highlighted from research, a development model that enables social integration, business and governance and its impact on poverty rates from improving the distribution of income, quality of life and city infrastructure. The research has been conducted descriptive as it aims to describe the properties of the object of study and the characteristics of the issues raised. So to make ends neatly method was applied through a set of intellectual operations in order to investigate the incidence of phenomena or levels of the variables of the population, companies and public administration. The identification of the problem from the analysis of the data collected could make a diagnosis. This situational analysis gives us the fieldwork, where questionnaires were developed and analysis that allowed the preparation of local development model for the city of São João Del Rei. Note that all this research effort towards the development model is just a guide for other models of development, we can say this because it is model that can be successfully used by other municipalities, for their own property should be developed diagnosis from a city-specific potential. / Un modelo de desarrollo local sostenible constituye una guía para la elaboración de estrategias, nunca es una receta única. Esta recoge aspectos del análisis de las potencialidades del territorio, el diagnóstico de la problemática de la ciudad, las fases, actuaciones y actividades a considerar para el despliegue del desarrollo local. Además, se deben rever los valores de los recursos financieros, humanos, físicos, técnicos, sociales, culturales y por supuesto ambientales. Por ello, el propósito del trabajo de investigación, consiste fundamentalmente en proponer un modelo que permita identificar los factores determinantes del estancamiento y promover el desarrollo de la ciudad de São João Del Rei y que pueda ser aplicable a otros territorios de características similares. Para elaborar una propuesta de desarrollo local sostenible, se realizó el diagnóstico de la ciudad y posteriormente se aplicó una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa de fuentes primarias y secundarias, con la finalidad de establecer los parámetros adecuados para la configuración del modelo de desarrollo local sostenible. Este interés intelectual surgió en función del estancamiento productivo a lo largo de los últimos 25 años de esta importante ciudad histórica de Brasil. Destacada por la arquitectura colonial, por la Universidad Federal y por haber sido la Capital Brasileña de la Cultural en 2007, consiguió sobrevivir a gestiones desordenadas, sin planificación, diagnóstico o cualquier herramienta de control aplicados a la gestión local. El proyecto se justifica por su propia condición de proponer a nivel práctico, el desarrollo del potencial de las actividades productivas y turísticas, con la posibilidad de proporcionar un efecto considerable en el desarrollo local de la ciudad. Se destaca a partir de la investigación, un modelo de desarrollo que posibilite la integración social, empresarial y gestión pública y de sus efectos en los índices de pobreza y la mejora de la distribución de renta, calidad de vida e infraestructura de la ciudad. La investigación llevada a cabo ha sido de carácter descriptivo ya que se pretende describir las propiedades del objeto de estudio y las características de la problemática planteada. Por tanto para llegar al fin ordenadamente se aplicó un método a través de un conjunto de operaciones intelectuales con el objetivo de indagar la incidencia de los fenómenos o niveles de las variables de la población, empresas y gestión pública. La identificación de la problemática a partir del análisis de los datos recolectados permitió elaborar un diagnóstico. Ese diagnóstico situacional nos lo proporciona el trabajo de campo realizado, en el cual se aplicaron los cuestionarios y el análisis que permitió la elaboración del modelo de desarrollo local para la ciudad de São João Del Rei. Cabe destacar que todo este esfuerzo investigativo hacia el modelo de desarrollo es tan sólo una guía para otros modelos de desarrollo, puesto que podemos afirmar que sea un modelo que pueda ser utilizado con éxito en otros municipios, habida cuenta su propia característica y que deben desarrollarse a partir de un diagnóstico específico de cada ciudad en potencial.
397

El comerç a l'ordenament jurídic espanyol: l’ Urbanisme comercial i la sostenibilitat urbana

Rodriguez Beas, Marina 17 December 2013 (has links)
Aquesta tesi doctoral té per objecte l’estudi del règim jurídic del comerç interior a l’ordenament jurídic espanyol. S’abasten les bases constitucional que incideixen en el comerç interior i les principals qüestions que aborda la Directiva 2006/123/CE, del Parlament europeu i del Consell, de 12 de desembre de 2006, relativa als serveis en el mercat interior. S’estudia la incidència de la Directiva de Serveis sobre l’ordenació dels equipaments comercials, en l’àmbit estatal i autonòmic. També s’analitzen les externalitats que generen els grans establiments comercials, com a nous escenaris de consum, i la influència amb el model de ciutat. Es dissenya un nou concepte d’urbanisme comercial, apartant les tradicionals polítiques comercials i substituït-les per la utilització dels instruments de planificació de l’ordenació del territori i l’urbanisme i de protecció mediambiental. Finalment, s’analitza el règim jurídic dels horaris comercials per la rellevant actualitat i conflictivitat que presenta i per la vinculació amb l’ordenació dels equipaments comercials i el model de ciutat. / This thesis aims to study the legal system of internal trade in the Spanish legal system. Supplied constitutional bases that affect the internal trade and the main issues addressed by Directive 2006/123/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on services in the internal market. We study the impact of the Services Directive on the management of commercial facilities, at state and regional level. It also discusses the externalities generated by large commercial establishments such as new stages of consumption, and influence with the city model. Designing a new concept of business planning, separating the traditional trade policies and replace them with the use of the instruments of planning and urban planning and environmental protection. Finally, we analyze the legal system of trading hours relevant to the present conflict and presented, and the relationship with the management of shopping centers and the city model.
398

Investment Climate Parameters In Transition Economies: The Case Of Russia

Nikitin, Sergei 01 January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis incorporates institutional definition of the economies in transition into the economic analysis of the investment variable. Probability environment of the real world is another point of analysis. Decision-making framework is analyzed and incorporated into analysis as well. Thesis tries to answer questions such as: Why same projects are treated differently in different circumstances. Finally the Russian experience is investigated and used to prove hypothesis about investment climate parameters and to give examples of investment into institutional matrix.
399

El retorn al centre de la ciutat. La reestructuració del Raval entre la renovació i la gentrificació

Martínez Rigol, Sergi 05 July 2000 (has links)
La gentrificació dels centres urbans degradats és un dels aspectes més visibles de les transformacions que s'estan donant en les ciutats contemporànies. La mobilitat del capital en el medi construït i els canvis en l'estructura i el mercat laboral, fruit del procés de reestructuració econòmica iniciat a mitjans dels anys setanta, s'apunten com aquelles causes estructurals que poden explicar el procés de gentrificació. Peró per altra banda, es considera que els individus que decideixen anar a viure als centres urbans també formen part de l'explicació i tenen un paper destacat tant en la reconstrucció social del barri que invadeixen, com en el procés econòmic de revalorització. En el cas d'estudi del barri del Raval de Barcelona, en el marc concret de la reestructuració econòmica, social i urbana de la metròpoli barcelonina, s'analitza com la formació urbana i social del barri justifiquen l'aplicació d'una política urbana liderada pel govern municipal i orientada a la rehabilitació integral, que es converteix en l'impuls al retorn al centre tant del capital com dels nous habitants. L'anàlisi de dades demogràfiques extretes de fonts censals i padronals, així com sobretot la utilització d'entrevistes a nous residents del barri, mostren l'existència del procés de gentrificació al Raval. Aquest es troba en el seu estadi inicial, essent doncs un procés encara en marxa, i en el que el paper dels gentrificadors és reconegut com molt més cultural, a partir de la desmitificació del Raval, que no pas econòmic, buscant la revalorització dels seus habitatges. / The gentrification of the downgraded urban centres is one of the most visible aspects of the transformations of the contemporary cities. Mobility of capital on the built environment and also changes in the working structure and labour markets, caused by the economic restructuring started in the seventies, are seen as the structural causes that could explain the process of gentrification. But by the other side, the individuals that decide to go to live in the urban cores of the cities have and important role in changing the social character of the neighbourhoods that they invade, and also in the economic process of revalorization. In the case study of the Barcelona's neighbourhood named "Raval", framed in the context of the economic, urban and social restructuring of the metropolis of Barcelona, the urban and social production of the neighbourhood are analysed as the cause of the implementation of an urban policy, leadership by the local government and oriented through the integral rehabilitation of the district, that is considered as the impulse of the back to the city movement of capital and people. The analysis of demographic data from the census sources, and above all the use of interviews with new residents of the neighbourhood, shows the Raval's process of gentrification. This process is at the initial stage, so it's still going on, and the role of the gentrifiers is recognized as more cultural, producing a debunk of the neigbourhood, than economic, looking for !he revalorization of their properties.
400

Planificación sostenible de sitios turísticos costeros : indicadores de flujos de materiales y territorio para una herramienta de ayuda a la decisión

Suárez Sánchez, María de las Nieves 18 December 2015 (has links)
The general objective of this thesis is to improve the quality of a certain Sustainability Objectives (OS) and Material Flows Indicators (IFM) to propose a set of Sustainability Indicators for the Sustainable Planning of coastal tourist destinations, through a systemic methodological process structured in 8 chapters: Chapter II elaborates on tourism itself and on the paradigm of sustainable development. The term Sustainable Tourism is an updated definition of Sustainable Tourism by the UNWTO (1993). The knowledge of the institutional debate of the strategies for sustainable development, and the discussion with experts in sustainable tourism and urban sustainability inside the doctorate group (focus group), made possible in Chapter III to update and improve the quality of the OS by stating 4 imperative ones, from which the "To change the patterns of production and consumption of material resources" was taken as a starting point for the proposals in this thesis given that reviewing and improving their resource management models would guarantee the closing of the material cycles in the technical processes in order to maintain and increase the utility value of touristic appeal, that the landscape is. In Chapters IV and V a case study for Alcossebre a town on the Mediterranean coast in the Valencian Community is chosen. This place is an example of the tourist model of sun and beach. It was characterized to know about its territorial problems, the dynamics of material resources and the relationships of the users with the territory and resources. Territorially speaking it is an urban dispersed model. A SWOT analysis, elicits the potential and limitations of the place as a tourist destination as well as the contributions of the population in regard to their perception towards the presence of tourism in it. Through a face-to-face survey. The results show that the population weights tourism as a generator of economic benefits and minimizes their potential environmental impacts. A model of sustainable resource management involves designing reliable indicators for decision-making and to know about their results over time. The indicators report how the technical processes are being carried out and alert when values are moving away from the desirable parameters. In Chapter VI, the instruments to conceptualize and design the indicators sets (organizational models and scientific approaches) are studied. The resulting indicators allow the outlining of a first IFM set (water, energy and waste) and Territory for tourist use, which is enriched with the results from the case study. The suggested set is evaluated in Chapter VII through the discussion in the focus group by weighting the criteria for the design of indicators. This would be the first round of the Delphi survey where 26 experts would seek consensus on the results obtained during this research, and where they would give recommendations and corrections to refine the final result. In Chapter VIII, the conclusions and contributions from this work based on the discussion of the hypotheses and specific objectives set in Chapter I are presented, namely: A set of sustainability indicators relative to the material flows and to the territory for tourism use was validated through a Delphi survey and via an innovative methodological process to derive it that was indeed a major contribution from this thesis. Also a main conclusion is given in the sense that the tourist phenomenon and its problems should be addressed by interdisciplinary professional teams for decision-making and that indicators of materials flows and territory are reliable to form a tool for decision support because of their universal and traversal character, but they must be complemented by other indicators of a social, economic and political nature to provide integrated answers within the paradigm of sustainability. / El objetivo general de la tesis es mejorar la calidad de unos Objetivos de Sostenibilidad (OS) e Indicadores de Flujos de Materiales (IFM) para proponer una Batería de Indicadores de Sostenibilidad para la Planificación Sostenible de destinos turísticos costeros, por medio de un proceso metodológico sistémico estructurado en 8 capítulos: En el Capítulo II se profundiza en el paradigma de la sostenibilidad del desarrollo y el turismo. Se actualiza el término de Turismo Sostenible reformulando la primera definición de Turismo Sostenible de la OMT (1993). El conocimiento del debate institucional de las estrategias para un desarrollo sostenible, su discusión con expertos en turismo sostenible y sostenibilidad urbana al interno del doctorado (focus group), hizo posible en el Capítulo III, actualizar y mejorar la calidad de los OS, enunciándose 4 prioritarios, de los cuales, el ¿Cambiar los patrones de producción y consumo de los recursos materiales¿ se tomó como punto de partida para la propuesta objeto de esta tesis, ya que revisar y mejorar los modelos de gestión de sus recursos garantizaría el cierre de los ciclos materiales en los procesos técnicos para mantener e incrementar el valor de utilidad del atractivo turístico, que es el paisaje. En los Capítulos IV y V, se elige un caso de estudio. Alcossebre, en la costa Mediterránea de la Comunidad Valenciana. Este lugar, de estructura territorial difusa, es ejemplo del modelo turístico de sol y playa. Se ha caracterizado para conocer su problemática territorial, la dinámica de los recursos materiales y las relaciones de los usuarios con el territorio y los recursos. Un análisis DAFO, da cuenta de las potencialidades y limitaciones del lugar como destino turístico así como los aportes de la población en cuanto a su percepción hacia la presencia turística, a través de una encuesta presencial. Los resultados generales muestran que la población pondera al turismo como generador de beneficios económicos y minimiza sus posibles impactos ambientales. Un modelo de gestión sostenible de los recursos implica diseñar indicadores fiables para la toma de decisiones y conocer sus resultados en el tiempo. Los indicadores informan de cómo se están llevando a cabo los procesos técnicos y alertan cuando los valores se están alejando de los parámetros deseables. En el Capítulo VI, se estudian los instrumentos para conceptualizar y diseñar una batería de indicadores, esto es, los Modelos de organización y enfoques científicos. Los indicadores emanados permiten esbozar una primera batería de IFM (agua, energía y residuos) y territorio de uso turístico, enriquecida con los resultados del estudio del caso. Esta batería propuesta se evalúa en el Capítulo VII a través de su discusión entre el focus group ponderando los criterios para el diseño de indicadores. Ésta sería la 1ª de tres rondas de la Encuesta Delphi en la que 26 expertos consensuarían los resultados obtenidos a lo largo de esta investigación, harían sus recomendaciones y correcciones para ajustar el resultado final. En el Capítulo VIII, se presentan las conclusiones y aportaciones de este trabajo a partir de las discusión de las hipótesis de trabajo y objetivos específicos planteados en el Capítulo I: Una Batería de Indicadores de Sostenibilidad relativos a los flujos de materiales y al territorio de uso turístico consensuada y validada a través de una encuesta Delphi y una Metodología sistémica iterativa como aportaciones de esta tesis. Y como conclusiones, que los indicadores de flujos de materiales y territorio son fiables para conformar una herramienta de ayuda a la decisión por su carácter universal y transversal, pero deben complementarse con otros de tipo social, económico y político para dar respuestas integradas dentro del paradigma de la sostenibilidad, y que en la toma de decisiones, es importante la participación interdisciplinar de profesionales e intervinientes interesados en lo turístico, para soluciones holísticas.

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