From a practical point of view, the well-proven antisuicidal and anti-aggressive effects of lithium are of utmost importance for a rational, safe and economical treatment of patients with affective disorders. Regular lithium long-term treatment reduces the otherwise 2- to 3-fold increased mortality of untreated patients with severe affective disorders down to the level of the general population. This is mainly due to the reduced suicide risk. Many international studies have confirmed this fascinating property of lithium which so far has not been demonstrated with comparable evidence for any other psychotropic compound. The antisuicidal effects of lithium might possibly be related to its anti-aggressive effects which have been shown in various species, populations and settings, such as animals, inhabitants of nursing homes for the elderly, mentally handicapped subjects, children and adolescents with hyperactive, hostile and aggressive behavior, and particularly in hyperaggressive inmates of correction units and prisons. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 2006

The Unfit Preparation and Attempt of Criminal Offence Abstract The question of unfit preparation and attempt is one of the most discussed as well as most unclear areas of substantive criminal law. Even though a lot of theoretical works have been dedicated to this topic (particularly in the past), a considerable amount of questions connected to unfit preparation and attempt still remains unanswered. The fact, that the written law itself usually governs only certain aspects of the problem (e.g. the current Czech Criminal Code specifically mentions the unfit preparation and attempt in just one provision of - section 46, par. 3). The aim of this thesis was to provide a comprehensive account of the unfit preparation and attempt in the legal theory, legal acts and case law and offer solutions to several problems of current legislation. Unfit attempt and preparation of criminal offence can be understood as specific types of attempt and preparation of criminal offence - the major difference between "regular" fit attempt/preparation and unfit attempt/preparation being the fact that unfit attempt/preparation cannot result in a completed crime, due to the absence of one of the substantial elements of criminal offence. The impossibility of preparation or attempt is caused by an error of the perpetrator, usually in the...

Esta investigação teve como objetivo compreender o cotidiano de familiares de indivíduos em sofrimento psíquico que apresentam comportamento suicida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem da sociologia fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz. O cenário do estudo foi o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os participantes constituíram-se em 15 familiares de indivíduos com comportamento suicida usuários deste CAPS. A coleta das informações foi realizada por meio da entrevista fenomenológica com os familiares nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2015. Os resultados emergiram da construção das categorias concretas que se constituíram do agrupamento dos depoimentos referentes ao cotidiano dos familiares de indivíduos com comportamento suicida, em que se buscou a compreensão dos motivos porque, onde os familiares expressaram a sua vivência cotidiana junto ao familiar que apresenta comportamento suicida e dos motivos para, no qual verbalizaram as expectativas ao lado dos seus familiares com comportamento suicida. As categorias que fazem referência aos motivos porque foram: cuidando da administração dos medicamentos; estando presente, vigilante e atento para possíveis riscos; agindo na crise e no comportamento suicida; procurando apoio na rede de serviços; apoiando e estimulando a vida; buscando apoio espiritual. As categorias advindas dos motivos para foram: acreditam que o familiar continue o tratamento; esperam que o familiar não pense em suicídio e; desejam que o familiar tenha uma vida saudável. Para agir no comportamento suicida de seu familiar, os familiares buscaram na sua situação biográfica resgatar maneiras de intervir, recorrendo a meios factíveis que estão à sua disposição com o intuito de proteger a vida de seu familiar. A atenção constante e o apoio emocional dos familiares mostraram-se com uma possibilidade efetiva de cuidado ao seu familiar que se encontra adoecido psiquicamente. Frente a este panorama, se faz necessário que os CAPS apoiem e intensifiquem as relações entre os familiares com comportamento suicida, em uma tentativa de suprir as necessidades de familiares e usuários com o intuito de melhorias na intervenção junto aos mesmos. / The objective of this research is to comprehend the daily life of relatives of individuals in psychological distress presenting suicidal behavior. This is a qualitative research approach to phenomenological sociology of Alfred Schütz. The study scenery was the Center of Psychosocial Care (CAPS) of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Participants consisted in 15 relatives of individuals with suicidal behavior users of this CAPS. The data collection was performed using the phenomenological interview with the relatives between February and March 2015. The results emerged from the construction of concrete categories that formed the grouping of statements relating to the daily life of relatives of individuals with suicidal behavior, in which we sought to understand the reasons why, where the relatives expressed their daily life with the relative that exhibit suicidal behavior and the reasons for, which, verbalized expectations alongside their relative with suicidal behavior. The categories refer to the reasons why were: taking care of the administration of medicines; being present, vigilant and alert to possible risks; acting in crisis and suicidal behavior; seeking support in the service network; supporting and stimulating life; seeking spiritual support. The resulting categories of the reasons were: they believe that the family continue treatment; they expect the relative did not think about suicide and; they want a healthy life for the relative. To act on suicidal behavior of their relative, the family sought in his biographical situation rescue ways to intervene, using feasible means that are at their disposal in order to protect the life of his family. The constant attention and emotional support of family members showed up with an effective possibility of care to your family member who is ill psychically. Facing this scenario, it is necessary that the CAPS support and intensify the relations between family members with suicidal behavior, in an attempt to meet the family needs and users in order to improve the intervention with the same. / Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender el cotidiano de las familias de los individuos com trastornos psicológicos que presentan un comportamiento suicida. Se trata de un enfoque de investigación cualitativa a la sociología fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz. El ámbito del estudio fue el Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los participantes consistieron en 15 familiares de individuos con comportamiento suicida los usuarios del CAPS. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la entrevista fenomenológica con los familiares en febrero y marzo de 2015. Los resultados surgieron de la construcción de categorías concretas que formaron la agrupación de los declaraciones relacionados con cotidianidad de las familias de los individuos con comportamiento suicida, en el que hemos tratado de entender las razones por las cuales, en donde los familiares expresaron su vida diaria con la familia que tiene comportamiento suicida y los motivos de las expectativas, que expresaron su familia junto con el comportamiento suicida. Las categorías se refieren a las razones por las cuales fueron: que se ocupan de la administración de medicamentos; estando presente, vigilante y alerta a posibles riesgos; actuando en emergencias y comportamiento suicida; la búsqueda de apoyo en la red de servicios; apoyar y estimular la vida; la búsqueda de apoyo espiritual. Las categorías resultantes de las razones fueron: creen que la familia continúe el tratamiento; Ellos esperan que la familia no pensó en el suicidio y; Ellos quieren que la familia tenga una vida saludable. Para actuar sobre el comportamiento suicida de su familia, la familia buscó en sus situación biográficos de rescate para intervenir, utilizando medios posibles a su disposición con el fin de proteger la vida de su familia. La constante atención y el apoyo emocional de los familiares presentaron con una posibilidad efectiva de la atención a su miembro de la familia que está enfermo psíquicamente. Frente a este escenario, es necesario que los CAPS apoyar e intensificar las relaciones entre la familia con el comportamiento suicida, en un intento de satisfacer las necesidades de la familia y de los usuarios con el fin de mejorar la intervención con la misma.

Contexto: Pouco se sabe a respeito da prevalência e correlatos de autolesão deliberada em jovens de países em desenvolvimento. Além disso, existe uma escassez de estudos avaliando associações clínicas e com psicopatologia familiar ajustando-se para outras comorbidades, especialmente numa faixa etária mais jovem da população (dos 6 aos 14 anos). Objetivos: Nós investigamos a prevalência e as associações de autolesão deliberada em jo- vens desta faixa etária com fatores de risco demográficos (idade, gênero, status socioeconô- mico e etnicidade), clínico (diagnóstico psiquiátrico das crianças) e familiar (diagnóstico psiquiátrico materno) em um grande estudo comunitário no Brasil. Métodos: Participantes (n=2.508) e suas mães (n=2,295) da Coorte de Alto-Risco para Transtornos Psiquiátricos foram avaliados através da Development and Well Being Assess- ment (DAWBA) e Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) respectivamente. Autolesão atual (no último mês) e ao longo da vida foram estimadas, incluindo análises estratificadas por faixa etária. Regressões logísticas foram realizadas investigando o papel do diagnóstico clínico de crianças e adolescentes e da psicopatologia materna sobre as estimativas de autolesão, ajustando-se para potenciais fatores confundidores. Resultados: A prevalência de autolesão deliberada atual foi de 0,8% (0,6% para crianças e 1% para adolescentes) e ao longo da vida foi de 1,6% (1,8% e 1,5% respectivamente). Estas estimativas não variaram de acordo com a idade, sexo e etnicidade. No entanto, pertencer à classe média esteve associado a uma diminuição de 70% na probabilidade de se relatar um episódio de autolesão ao longo da vida comparando-se com a classe mais favorecida. Autolesão atual e ao longo da vida foram mais frequentes em jovens com Depressão Maior, Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e Transtorno Opositor Desafiante (TOD), mesmo em modelos múltiplos ajustado para variáveis demográficas e co- ocorrência de transtornos psiquiátricos. Além disso, a presença de transtorno de ansiedade nas mães esteve fortemente associada com autolesão deliberada recente e ao longo da vida em seus descendentes. Ao estratificar-se a análise por faixa etária, esta associação tornou- se não significativa para crianças com autolesão recente e adolescentes com autolesão ao longo da vida; ao passo que, especificamente em crianças, autolesão recente foi associada com transtorno de humor materno. Conclusão: A autolesão deliberada é um problema importante em crianças e adolescen- tes. Os diagnósticos de Depressão Maior, TDAH e TOD estão consistentemente associados com este comportamento, bem como ter uma mãe com um transtorno de ansiedade. Nos- sos resultados salientam a importância de se perguntar a respeito de comportamentos suicidas em jovens com comportamentos disruptivos, independentemente da comorbidade com depressão, e também realçam a necessidade de estratégias preventivas com um en- volvimento familiar. / Background: Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in youngsters from low and middle-income countries. In addition, there is a shortage of studies evaluating clinical associations and family psychopathology adjusting for other comorbidities, especially in a younger age-group (from 6 to 14 years). Objectives: We investigated prevalence and associations of DSH in youngsters of that age range with demographic (age, gender, socioeconomic status and ethnicity), clinical (children psychiatric diagnosis) and familial risk factors (maternal psychiatric diagnosis) from a community-based study from Brazil. Methods: Participants (n=2,508) and their mothers (n=2,295) from the High Risk Co- hort for Psychiatric Disorders (HRC) were assessed through the Development andWell Be- ing Assessment (DAWBA) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) respectively. Current (last month) and lifetime DSH were estimated, including analysis stratified by age-groups. Logistic regressions were performed investigating the role of youths’ clinical diagnoses and maternal psychopathology on prevalence estimates of DSH adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: Prevalence of current DSH was 0.8% (0.6% for children and 1% for adolescents) and life-time DSH was 1.6% (1.8% and 1.5% respectively). These estimatives did not vary with age, gender and ethnicity. However, being from middle class was associated with a 70% decrease in the odds of reporting a lifetime episode of DSH comparing to the wealthiest class. Current and life-time DSH was more frequent in youth with Major Depression, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), even in multiple models accounting for demographic variables and co- occurring psychiatric disorders. Anxiety in mothers was strongly associated with current and life-time DSH in the offspring but when stratifying by age-group this association becomes non-significant for children with current DSH and for adolescents with lifetime DSH, whereas current DSH was associated with maternal mood disorder specifically in young children. Conclusion: Diagnoses of Major Depression, ADHD and ODD are consistently associated with DSH as well as having a mother with anxiety disorder. Our results emphasize the necessity to ask about suicidal behavior in young people with disruptive behaviors, regard- less of comorbidity with depression, and also highlight the need for preventive strategies with a family component.

Contexto: Pouco se sabe a respeito da prevalência e correlatos de autolesão deliberada em jovens de países em desenvolvimento. Além disso, existe uma escassez de estudos avaliando associações clínicas e com psicopatologia familiar ajustando-se para outras comorbidades, especialmente numa faixa etária mais jovem da população (dos 6 aos 14 anos). Objetivos: Nós investigamos a prevalência e as associações de autolesão deliberada em jo- vens desta faixa etária com fatores de risco demográficos (idade, gênero, status socioeconô- mico e etnicidade), clínico (diagnóstico psiquiátrico das crianças) e familiar (diagnóstico psiquiátrico materno) em um grande estudo comunitário no Brasil. Métodos: Participantes (n=2.508) e suas mães (n=2,295) da Coorte de Alto-Risco para Transtornos Psiquiátricos foram avaliados através da Development and Well Being Assess- ment (DAWBA) e Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) respectivamente. Autolesão atual (no último mês) e ao longo da vida foram estimadas, incluindo análises estratificadas por faixa etária. Regressões logísticas foram realizadas investigando o papel do diagnóstico clínico de crianças e adolescentes e da psicopatologia materna sobre as estimativas de autolesão, ajustando-se para potenciais fatores confundidores. Resultados: A prevalência de autolesão deliberada atual foi de 0,8% (0,6% para crianças e 1% para adolescentes) e ao longo da vida foi de 1,6% (1,8% e 1,5% respectivamente). Estas estimativas não variaram de acordo com a idade, sexo e etnicidade. No entanto, pertencer à classe média esteve associado a uma diminuição de 70% na probabilidade de se relatar um episódio de autolesão ao longo da vida comparando-se com a classe mais favorecida. Autolesão atual e ao longo da vida foram mais frequentes em jovens com Depressão Maior, Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e Transtorno Opositor Desafiante (TOD), mesmo em modelos múltiplos ajustado para variáveis demográficas e co- ocorrência de transtornos psiquiátricos. Além disso, a presença de transtorno de ansiedade nas mães esteve fortemente associada com autolesão deliberada recente e ao longo da vida em seus descendentes. Ao estratificar-se a análise por faixa etária, esta associação tornou- se não significativa para crianças com autolesão recente e adolescentes com autolesão ao longo da vida; ao passo que, especificamente em crianças, autolesão recente foi associada com transtorno de humor materno. Conclusão: A autolesão deliberada é um problema importante em crianças e adolescen- tes. Os diagnósticos de Depressão Maior, TDAH e TOD estão consistentemente associados com este comportamento, bem como ter uma mãe com um transtorno de ansiedade. Nos- sos resultados salientam a importância de se perguntar a respeito de comportamentos suicidas em jovens com comportamentos disruptivos, independentemente da comorbidade com depressão, e também realçam a necessidade de estratégias preventivas com um en- volvimento familiar. / Background: Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in youngsters from low and middle-income countries. In addition, there is a shortage of studies evaluating clinical associations and family psychopathology adjusting for other comorbidities, especially in a younger age-group (from 6 to 14 years). Objectives: We investigated prevalence and associations of DSH in youngsters of that age range with demographic (age, gender, socioeconomic status and ethnicity), clinical (children psychiatric diagnosis) and familial risk factors (maternal psychiatric diagnosis) from a community-based study from Brazil. Methods: Participants (n=2,508) and their mothers (n=2,295) from the High Risk Co- hort for Psychiatric Disorders (HRC) were assessed through the Development andWell Be- ing Assessment (DAWBA) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) respectively. Current (last month) and lifetime DSH were estimated, including analysis stratified by age-groups. Logistic regressions were performed investigating the role of youths’ clinical diagnoses and maternal psychopathology on prevalence estimates of DSH adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: Prevalence of current DSH was 0.8% (0.6% for children and 1% for adolescents) and life-time DSH was 1.6% (1.8% and 1.5% respectively). These estimatives did not vary with age, gender and ethnicity. However, being from middle class was associated with a 70% decrease in the odds of reporting a lifetime episode of DSH comparing to the wealthiest class. Current and life-time DSH was more frequent in youth with Major Depression, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), even in multiple models accounting for demographic variables and co- occurring psychiatric disorders. Anxiety in mothers was strongly associated with current and life-time DSH in the offspring but when stratifying by age-group this association becomes non-significant for children with current DSH and for adolescents with lifetime DSH, whereas current DSH was associated with maternal mood disorder specifically in young children. Conclusion: Diagnoses of Major Depression, ADHD and ODD are consistently associated with DSH as well as having a mother with anxiety disorder. Our results emphasize the necessity to ask about suicidal behavior in young people with disruptive behaviors, regard- less of comorbidity with depression, and also highlight the need for preventive strategies with a family component.

The theme of my graduation theses is ?The contribution to study and prevention of ephebic suicides?. More and more attention has been payed to problems of suicide behavior nowadays. But the prevention of suicide behavior has not been properly described yet and open to the public especially to teachers and pedagogical workers. It is necessary to focuse on a group of teenagers because there are more suicide attempts among these young people recently. Psychologists and doctors as well as teachers and pedagogical workers should pay more attention to these problems. Good knowledge of these problems and a readiness to help could often prevent suicide attempts. In the first / theoretical part I will describe problems of suicide behavior with a view to a group of teenagers. Basic terms will be explained, I will describe kinds of suicides, the influence of age, gender, seasons and week days on comitting suicides. I will define a suicide with a view to medical, psychological and sociological aspects. At the end of this part I will write about myths and facts concerning suicides and about the prevention of suicide behavior. In the second / practical part I will use a comparative method to confront case studies of teenagers who tried to commit suicide. I will search for especially pedagogical aspects and marks leading to the determination of abnormal behaviour to be able to prevent teenagers from comitting suicides.

The presented graduation thesis is entitled {\clqq}Health and Social Services For Suicidal Patients``. Lot of learned papers were written on the suicide theme by researches who are trying to find out specific causes, motives, symptoms and interventions related to suicidal behavior. The professional care includes both medical and non-medical support. In case of an individual who attempted to take his/her life, the help starts after the intervention of the lifesaving service or other factors, mostly in the anaesthesiological-resuscitation wards and intensive care units. As soon as the patient is outside danger to life, he is subjected to a psychological and psychiatric examination. After repeated suicidal tendencies are excluded by the psychiatrist, the care of the client is handed over to outpatient psychiatric clinic. An option of psychotherapy is also considered. His/her integration into normal life may be supported by healh and social services that are the subject of this thesis. This thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part deals with definitions of terms related to the theme of the graduation thesis {--} suicide, affecting factors, types of suicidal behavior, health and social services for suicidal individuals. The aim of the thesis is to map out the situation in the health and social services rendered to suicidal clients in the Region of Jihlava and to establish the knowledgeability about these services among the population or clients´ satisfaction with these services, as exemplified by several case studies. The case studies also describe the treatment of patients after the suicidal attempt, how the life of suicide attempters has changed since the attempt, how do they perceive their suicide attempt retrospectively and also what should be done so that their troubles do not occur again. The existing thesis may give an insight into the health and social services situation in the region of Jihlava, into availability or non-availability of the services in the region, and may give an idea for broadening health and social services for suicidal individuals.

Esta investigação teve como objetivo compreender o cotidiano de familiares de indivíduos em sofrimento psíquico que apresentam comportamento suicida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem da sociologia fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz. O cenário do estudo foi o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os participantes constituíram-se em 15 familiares de indivíduos com comportamento suicida usuários deste CAPS. A coleta das informações foi realizada por meio da entrevista fenomenológica com os familiares nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2015. Os resultados emergiram da construção das categorias concretas que se constituíram do agrupamento dos depoimentos referentes ao cotidiano dos familiares de indivíduos com comportamento suicida, em que se buscou a compreensão dos motivos porque, onde os familiares expressaram a sua vivência cotidiana junto ao familiar que apresenta comportamento suicida e dos motivos para, no qual verbalizaram as expectativas ao lado dos seus familiares com comportamento suicida. As categorias que fazem referência aos motivos porque foram: cuidando da administração dos medicamentos; estando presente, vigilante e atento para possíveis riscos; agindo na crise e no comportamento suicida; procurando apoio na rede de serviços; apoiando e estimulando a vida; buscando apoio espiritual. As categorias advindas dos motivos para foram: acreditam que o familiar continue o tratamento; esperam que o familiar não pense em suicídio e; desejam que o familiar tenha uma vida saudável. Para agir no comportamento suicida de seu familiar, os familiares buscaram na sua situação biográfica resgatar maneiras de intervir, recorrendo a meios factíveis que estão à sua disposição com o intuito de proteger a vida de seu familiar. A atenção constante e o apoio emocional dos familiares mostraram-se com uma possibilidade efetiva de cuidado ao seu familiar que se encontra adoecido psiquicamente. Frente a este panorama, se faz necessário que os CAPS apoiem e intensifiquem as relações entre os familiares com comportamento suicida, em uma tentativa de suprir as necessidades de familiares e usuários com o intuito de melhorias na intervenção junto aos mesmos. / The objective of this research is to comprehend the daily life of relatives of individuals in psychological distress presenting suicidal behavior. This is a qualitative research approach to phenomenological sociology of Alfred Schütz. The study scenery was the Center of Psychosocial Care (CAPS) of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Participants consisted in 15 relatives of individuals with suicidal behavior users of this CAPS. The data collection was performed using the phenomenological interview with the relatives between February and March 2015. The results emerged from the construction of concrete categories that formed the grouping of statements relating to the daily life of relatives of individuals with suicidal behavior, in which we sought to understand the reasons why, where the relatives expressed their daily life with the relative that exhibit suicidal behavior and the reasons for, which, verbalized expectations alongside their relative with suicidal behavior. The categories refer to the reasons why were: taking care of the administration of medicines; being present, vigilant and alert to possible risks; acting in crisis and suicidal behavior; seeking support in the service network; supporting and stimulating life; seeking spiritual support. The resulting categories of the reasons were: they believe that the family continue treatment; they expect the relative did not think about suicide and; they want a healthy life for the relative. To act on suicidal behavior of their relative, the family sought in his biographical situation rescue ways to intervene, using feasible means that are at their disposal in order to protect the life of his family. The constant attention and emotional support of family members showed up with an effective possibility of care to your family member who is ill psychically. Facing this scenario, it is necessary that the CAPS support and intensify the relations between family members with suicidal behavior, in an attempt to meet the family needs and users in order to improve the intervention with the same. / Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender el cotidiano de las familias de los individuos com trastornos psicológicos que presentan un comportamiento suicida. Se trata de un enfoque de investigación cualitativa a la sociología fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz. El ámbito del estudio fue el Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los participantes consistieron en 15 familiares de individuos con comportamiento suicida los usuarios del CAPS. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la entrevista fenomenológica con los familiares en febrero y marzo de 2015. Los resultados surgieron de la construcción de categorías concretas que formaron la agrupación de los declaraciones relacionados con cotidianidad de las familias de los individuos con comportamiento suicida, en el que hemos tratado de entender las razones por las cuales, en donde los familiares expresaron su vida diaria con la familia que tiene comportamiento suicida y los motivos de las expectativas, que expresaron su familia junto con el comportamiento suicida. Las categorías se refieren a las razones por las cuales fueron: que se ocupan de la administración de medicamentos; estando presente, vigilante y alerta a posibles riesgos; actuando en emergencias y comportamiento suicida; la búsqueda de apoyo en la red de servicios; apoyar y estimular la vida; la búsqueda de apoyo espiritual. Las categorías resultantes de las razones fueron: creen que la familia continúe el tratamiento; Ellos esperan que la familia no pensó en el suicidio y; Ellos quieren que la familia tenga una vida saludable. Para actuar sobre el comportamiento suicida de su familia, la familia buscó en sus situación biográficos de rescate para intervenir, utilizando medios posibles a su disposición con el fin de proteger la vida de su familia. La constante atención y el apoyo emocional de los familiares presentaron con una posibilidad efectiva de la atención a su miembro de la familia que está enfermo psíquicamente. Frente a este escenario, es necesario que los CAPS apoyar e intensificar las relaciones entre la familia con el comportamiento suicida, en un intento de satisfacer las necesidades de la familia y de los usuarios con el fin de mejorar la intervención con la misma.

The aim of this project was to change the way cutting techniques are being taught. I wished to try a method which I believed to enhance my students´ participation and understanding of their education. My purpose was to reduce the gap between theory and practice. After conducting a learning style test I found that most of them considered the best way for them to learn was by combining practice with dialogue and reflection of the tasks being done. That is why we tried to start working with the practical elements rather than traditionally starting with the theoretical aspects, while carefully intertwining terms and language of the trade into the education. Once the theoretical part of the education commenced it was clear that the students had already gained a level of knowledge that made it easier for them to understand the theories as well as to experience greater participation of their education. During this time, the students have used blogs in order to document their work in words and images. The purpose of this was to give them the opportunity to for themselves see and realize their own progress. The way we worked resulted in enhanced interaction between me and the students´. The project further showed greater commitment and understanding, and I experience an easier realization of their own development amongst the students. / Syftet med detta utvecklingsarbete var att försöka förändra sättet vi organiserar verksamheten närelever ska lära sig klippteknik. Jag ville pröva en metod som jag trodde skulle öka elevernas delaktighet och förståelse i undervisningen. Mitt mål var att försöka överbygga klyftan mellan teorioch praktik. Efter att ett lärstilstest genomförts med eleverna fann jag att de flesta ansåg sig lära bäst genom att vi kombinerar görandet med att samtala och reflektera om det man gör. Därför prövade vi att vända undervisningen och började arbeta med de praktiska momenten istället för traditionsenligt med teori. Under tiden flätade vi in termer och fackspråk. När vi sedan startade med teorin var det tydligt att de hade tillskansat sig förkunskaper för att lättare förstå teorin känna större delaktighet. Under arbetets gång har elever använt sig av bloggar för att med text och bilddokumentera sina arbeten och syftet med detta har varit att de själva ska se sin kunskapsutveckling. Som ett resultat av sättet vi arbetat på kan jag se att interaktionen mellan lärare och elever ökat. Resultatet av arbetet visar på större engagemang, förståelse och jag upplever att eleverna lättare ser sin egen kunskapsutveckling.