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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Clonostachys rosea em folhas de morangueiro: autoecologia e antagonismo a Botrytis cinerea / Clonostachys rosea in strawberry leaves: autoecology and antagonism to Botrytis cinerea

Cota, Luciano Viana 20 February 2004 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-04-28T11:16:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 417475 bytes, checksum: 8400f05bf369248ad0d6aa4ab07e5768 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-28T11:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 417475 bytes, checksum: 8400f05bf369248ad0d6aa4ab07e5768 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Em programa de pesquisa de manejo do mofo cinzento, causado por Botrytis cinerea (Bc), selecionaram-se quatro isolados de Clonostachys rosea (Cr). Em vista da não disponibilidade de informações, estudaram-se aspectos autoecológicos desses isolados e do PG 88-710 (proveniente do Canadá) em folhas de morangueiro. Quando aplicados em folhas, as quais foram submetidas a intervalos de 0 a 48h de câmara úmida após a aplicação, todos os isolados colonizaram as folhas. Os isolados sobreviveram em folhas e as colonizaram, quando submetidas à até 36h de ausência de molhamento foliar após a aplicação. A temperatura afetou o crescimento micelial em meio BDA e a colonização de discos foliares. A 10°C, os isolados cresceram pouco em BDA e não esporularam em discos foliares. O ótimo para crescimento em cultura e esporulação em discos foi em torno de 25°C. Em folhas previamente inoculadas com Bc e submetidas a intervalos de 0 a 36h de ausência de molhamento após a aplicação, todos os isolados reduziram a esporulação do patógeno, em níveis superiores a 93%. A redução da esporulação de Bc foi superior a 90% em folhas submetidas a intervalos de 0 a 48h de duração de câmara úmida, após a aplicação dos isolados. A 10°C nenhum isolado reduziu a esporulação do patógeno; a 15°C, a redução da esporulação variou de 37,1 a 72,3%; a 20°C, a redução foi superior a 85,7% e, a 25 e 30°C, Bc não esporulou. Quando aplicados antes do patógeno, em intervalos de 0 a 288h, os isolados reduziram de 47,3 a 97% da esporulação. Quando aplicados após o patógeno, nos mesmos intervalos, os isolados reduziram a esporulação, em níveis superiores a 95%. Em estudos de dinâmica temporal de isolados de Cr em plantas de morangueiro, durante 49 dias, os isolados de Cr sobreviveram durante todo o tempo em folhas ativas, porém houve redução da colonização foliar: 1 dia após a aplicação, a colonização foi de 16,3 a 18,3% e, aos 49 dias, foi de 3,9 a 5,5%. Em dois experimentos, avaliou-se a capacidade dos isolados em protegerem folhas da infecção por Bc. No primeiro, a esporulação do patógeno reduziu-se em 52,3% e 9,7%, após 1 e 7 dias da aplicação dos isolados, respectivamente. Nos demais intervalos, os isolados não reduziram a esporulação do patógeno. No segundo experimento, a redução da esporulação de Bc foi de 62,6% e de 19,4%, após 1 e 49 dias da aplicação dos isolados, respectivamente. Os isolados de Cr obtidos em condições brasileiras foram tão eficientes quanto o PG 88-710 na colonização de folhas de morangueiro e no antagonismo a Bc. / In a research program aiming to manage diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea (Bc), four isolates of Clonostachys rosea (Cr) were selected. As little is known about these isolates, their autoecology and of PG 88-710 (from Canada) was studied. on strawberry leaves. The isolates were applied on leaves, which stayed in moisture chamber on intervals varying from 0 to 48h, and leaf colonization was assessed. All five isolates colonized leaves, disregarding the interval of moisture chamber, and leaf colonization varied between 7.8 to 16.2%. The isolates were applied on leaves, which stayed until 36h without leaf wetness. Disregarding the delay in the time of moisture was established, the isolates survived and colonized the leaves (leaf colonization varied between 11.2 to 14.2%). Temperature affected both mycelial growth in vitro and leaf colonization. At 10°C, Cr isolates did not sporulate on strawberry leaf discs and grown poorly in PDA medium. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and leaf colonization was around 25°C. Leaves inoculated with Bc, were sprayed with each isolate and were kept from 0 to 36 h without surface wetness. All five isolates reduced pathogen sporulation by more than 93%. On leaves that stayed in moisture chamber on intervals varying from 0 to 48h after application of the isolates, reduction of Bc sporulation was larger than 90%. At 10°C, all isolates did not reduce pathogen sporulation; at 15°C, reduction on pathogen sporulation varied from 37.1 to 72.3%; at 20°C, the reduction was larger than 85.7%; at 25 and 30°C Bc did not sporulate. Each isolate was applied on leaves either before or after Bc inoculation, at intervals ranging from 0 to 288h. For all application times before Bc inoculation, reduction of pathogen sporulation varied from 47.3 to 97.0%. For most application times after inoculation, reduction of pathogen sporulation was larger than 95.0%. Temporal dynamics of Cr isolates on strawberry was studied during 49 days. All four isolates survived in active leaves but leaf colonization decreased from 16.3-18.3% to 3.9-5.5% from 1 to 49 days after application. Each isolate was applied on leaves, Bc was inoculated after 1 to 49 days (treatments weekly spaced), and pathogen sporulation was evaluated. For experiment 1, reduction of pathogen sporulation was 52.3% and 9.7%, 1 and 7 days after Cr application, respectively; Bc sporulation was not reduced at the other treatments. For experiment 2, reduction of pathogen sporulation was 62.6% and 19.4%, 1 and 49 days after antagonist application, respectively. The four isolates were similar to the PG 88-710 regarding leaf colonization efficiency and antagonistic capacity to Bc. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria
2

Aislamiento y caracterización bioquímica de compuestos fenólicos con actividad anticoagulante del extracto alcohólico de las hojas de Oenothera rosea Aiton “chupasangre”

Yarlequé Chocas, Mirtha Marieta January 2016 (has links)
Aísla los principios activos fenólicos con actividad anticoagulante sobre el plasma humano y desarrolla su caracterización bioquímica Oenothera rosea, para lo cual se realiza el extracto alcohólico y se detecta la presencia de fenoles, flavonoides, saponinas, glicósidos y tanino. A partir del extracto alcohólico se obtiene la fase acuosa y se realiza una CCF sobre celulosa obteniéndose 9 fracciones, 5 de las cuales resultan positivas para fenoles y flavonoides, y dos de éstas muestran actividad anticoagulante sobre plasma humano citratado (PHC), fibrinógeno bovino (FB) y disminuyen la actividad amidolítica (BApNA) que presentan la Trombina bovina (TB) y el veneno de L.muta (V). Los porcentajes de inhibición de la fase acuosa son 95,74 (TB-FB); 90,08 (V-FB); 63,58 (V-PHC) y 92,65 (V-BApNA). Para la fracción F-2: 58,57%,10,67%, 34,14%, y 88,59 %; F-5: 96,79%, 36,27%,70,69% y 92,92%, para cada uno de los sistemas, en el orden indicado para la primera muestra. Por técnicas de espectrofotometría UV-Vis y reacciones de desplazamiento propuestos por Mabry et al.(1970) se identifica los 5 flavonoides y se propone las siguientes estructuras: F-2: 3',4',5, trihidroxi-3,7-O-digli flavonol ; F-3: 3',4',5,7-tetrahidroxi-3-O-rhamno-glucosil flavonol (rutina), F-4: 3',4',5,7- tetrahidroxi-3-metóxido flavonol, F-5 : 3',4',-dihidroxi-7-O-gli-5 metóxido flavona y F-6: 5,6,7-trihidroxi flavona (Baicaleina). Los resultados indican que 3',4',5, trihidroxi-3,7-O-digli flavonol y 3',4',-dihidroxi, 7-O-gli, 5 metoxi flavona son los flavonoides glicosilados que inhiben la coagulación siendo F-5 el más potente. El mecanismo de acción no es conocido aún, pero ambos podrían con facilidad donar un H ácido del anillo B a la His 57 del centro activo de las enzimas y formar enlace de H con la Ser inhibiendo la actividad enzimática y formando un complejo flavonoide-enzima.
3

Produção massal de Clonostachys rosea / Mass production of Clonostachys rosea

Saraiva, Rodrigo Moreira 17 February 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-06-20T18:42:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 502635 bytes, checksum: 3d459feebbf0f27372e1bb496c77054c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T18:42:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 502635 bytes, checksum: 3d459feebbf0f27372e1bb496c77054c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-17 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / O biocontrole do mofo cinzento em condições de campo é viável, este fato é comprovado pelo acúmulo de informações quanto ao antagonismo de C. rosea a B. cinerea. Porém, demanda-se otimizar a produção massal do antagonista, bem como obter formulação de baixo custo e estável no tempo. Nesse trabalho, objetivou-se desenvolver metodologia para produzir C. rosea. Avaliaram-se diferentes substratos, a otimização da produção, o tempo ótimo de produção, a suplementação do substrato, a concentração do inóculo inicial, a produção de esporos na ausência de luz e a produção de esporos em diferentes recipientes. Milheto, palha de soja e palha de feijão foram substratos eficientes na produção, que foi afetada pelo nível de umidade em cada substrato. A adição de suco de vegetal (V8 ® ) aumentou a esporulação em substrato arroz. Abrindo-se o recipiente após 6 dias de colonização, antecipou-se o tempo do início da coleta e maior produção de esporos. A faixa de concentração inicial testada (10 3 a 10 8 ) não afetou a produção final de esporos. Não houve diferença significativa entre a produção de esporos na ausência de luz e com fotoperíodo de 12 h, aos 30 dias de colonização. Avaliou-se, ainda, a sobrevivência de esporos de C. rosea, armazenados a 4°C ou temperatura ambiente após diferentes tempos de secagem (12, 24, 36 e 48 h) com dois diluentes (água e sacarose 35%). Também se avaliou a sobrevivência dos esporos em substrato moído, com ou sem Caolin, armazenados a 4°C ou temperatura ambiente. Após 4 meses, avaliou-se a capacidade destes esporos em colonizar folhas de eucalipto. A germinação dos esporos submetidos a diferentes tempo de secagem reduziu-se a zero após dois meses de avaliação, independente do tratamento. Em substrato moído, ocorreu aumento significativo da germinação na presença de caolim, armazenamento a 4°C no primeiro mês de avaliação, mas a germinação reduziu-se a zero após dois meses de avaliação. Realizou-se teste de colonização em folhas de eucalipto com esporos em que a porcentagem de germinação foi zero, e os esporos colonizaram-nas. Portanto, é possível ocorrer a dormência dos esporos, o que será estudado posteriormente. / It is believed that the biocontrol of gray mold with C. rosea under field conditions is viable. However mass production of the antagonist must be optimized and a formulation of low cost and stable over time must be developed. Therefore this research aimed to develop methods to produce and commercialize C. rosea in a commercial scale. We evaluated different substrates, the optimization to production, the optimum time to production, the supplementation of substrate, the initial inoculum concentration, the production of spores on absence of light, and the production of spores in different containers. Millet, soybean straw, and bean straw were efficient as substrates to produce spores, which was affected by the level of moisture on each substrate. The addition of V8 ® vegetable juice increased the sporulation on rice. The opening of the container after 6 days of colonization reduced the time to start to collect spores and increased spores production. The range of initial concentration tested (10 3 to 10 8 ) did not affect the final spores production. After 30 days, it was found no significant difference between the production of spores on absence of light and photoperiod of 12h. We also evaluated the survival of spores of C. rosea in a formulation stored at 4°C or laboratory temperature (24±2°C) after different drying times (12, 24, 36 and 48 h) with two solvents (water and sucrose 35%). The survival of spores in ground substrate, with or without Kaulin, stored at 4°C or environment temperature was evaluated. The ability of these spores to colonize leaves of eucalyptus was also evaluated after 4 months storage. The germination of formulated spores of all treatments reduced to zero after 2 months of evaluation. In the ground substrate, germination significantly increased in the presence of Kaulin, storage at 4°C, at the second month of evaluation, but it was zero after 2 months of evaluation. However the fungus colonized eucalyptus leaves even after the formulated spores being stored for 4 months storage. Therefore, it is possible that the spores become dormant, which will be studied later. / Dissertação liberada do sigilo pelo Orientador em 29 de novembro de 2016. Documento anexado ao Termo de Autorização.
4

Étude phytochimique et biologique de Billia rosea Planch & Lunden, Ulloa & Jorgensen; plante vénézuélienne appartenant à la famille SAPINDACEAE / Phytochemical and biological study of Billia rosea Planch & Lunden, Ulloa & Jorgensen; Venezuelan plant belonging to the SAPINDACEAE family / Estudia fisicoquímica y biológica de Billia rosea Planch & Lunden, Ulloa & Jorgensen; planta venezolana perteneciendo a la familia SAPINDACEAE

De Freitas Fernandez, Luis Antonio 03 April 2018 (has links)
Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la thématique du Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de l’UFR des Sciences de santé, au sein de l’Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté et du Laboratoire de Produits Naturels de la Faculté de Sciences, au sein de l’Universidad Central de Venezuela. Elle vise essentiellement l’étude phytochimique des graines de Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jørg, famille des Sapindaceae, qui est utilisé en médecine traditionnelle comme antidiabétique, analgésique et pour le traitement des hémorroïdes et de la fièvre. L'étude de cette espèce végétale a conduit à l’isolement et à la caractérisation de 10 saponines triterpéniques parmi lesquelles 5 sont de structure nouvelle (Billiosides A–E), un analogue connu et une structure a été proposée pour les 4 autres saponines qui devraient être vérifiées dans des études ultérieures.Les structures ont été élucidées principalement par l’utilisation de RMN 1D et 2D (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, et HMBC) ainsi que la spectrométrie de masse comme (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 / 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21-[((2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-24-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (Billioside A), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside B), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside C), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-Dglucopyranoside (Billioside D), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-Dglucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside E), et dipteroside A.Les structures proposées pour les 4 autres saponines sont (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxi]-22-(acetyloxy)-16,24,28-trihidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, es (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L- glucuronopyranosyl -β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxy]- 16,22,24,28-tetrahidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O- β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-16,24,28-trihidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside et (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-21-acetyl-22-hidroxyolean-12-en-28-yl-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside.Billiosides B et C ont été testés en vue d’évaluer leurs capacité à inhiber l'absorption intestinale du glucose in situ dans des segments d'intestins de rat, et sa capacité à inhiber le glucose-6-phosphatase, enzyme impliquée dans la formation du glucose. Billiosides B et C ont montré des effets modérés dans les deux expériences. / This thesis was carried out in the the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, in health department of the University of Burgundy and in the Laboratory of Natural products of Central University of Venezuela.This research work focused on the phytochemical study of the sedes of Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jørg, Sapindaceae family. Billia rosea seeds have traditionally been used as antidiabetic, analgesic and for the treatment of hemorrhoids and fever. In the study of this plant was isolated and characterized 10 triterpene saponins, among which 5 has a new structure in the literature of natural products (Billiosides A–E), a known analogue and 4 proposals as possible structures to the remaining isolated saponins, which must be confirmed in subsequent studies.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, et HMBC) and mass spectrometry as (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 / 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21-[((2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-24-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (Billioside A), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside B), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside C), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-Dglucopyranoside (Billioside D), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-Dglucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Billioside E), and dipteroside A.The proposed structures for the other 4 isolated saponins are (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxi]-22-(acetyloxy)-16,24,28-trihidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, es (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L- glucuronopyranosyl -β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxy]- 16,22,24,28-tetrahidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O- β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-16,24,28-trihidroxyolean-12-en-21-yl-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloyl)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside and (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-21-acetyl-22-hidroxyolean-12-en-28-yl-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside.Billiosides B and C exhibited moderate effects when tested as hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase inhibitors and as glucose intestinal absorption inhibitors, using in situ rat intestinal segments. / Este trabajo de investigación, realizado en conjunto entre el Laboratorio de Farmacognosia de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, de la Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté y el Laboratorio de Productos Naturales de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Central de Venezuela; se centró en el estudio fitoquímico de las semillas de Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jørg, perteneciente a la familia Sapindaceae, utilizada tradicionalmente como antidiabético, analgésico y para el tratamiento de hemorroides y fiebre. El estudio de esta especie vegetal condujo al aislamiento y caracterización de 9 saponinas triterpénicas, entre las cuales 5 poseen una estreuctura nueva en la literatura de productos naturales (Billiosidos A–E), un análogo conocido, además de 3 propuestas como posibles estructuras a las restantes saponinas aisladas, que deben ser confirmadas en estudios posteriores. Las estructuras se elucidaros principalmente mediante el uso de RMN 1D y 2D (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, et HMBC) y espectrometría de masa como ácido (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-glucopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopiranosil)oxi]-21-[((2E,6S)-2,6-dimetil-6-hidroxiocta-2,7-dienoil)oxi]-22-(acetiloxi)-24-hidroxiolean-12-en-28-oico, (Billiosido A) (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-β-D-glucopiranosil)oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido B), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-xilopiranosil)oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido C), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopiranosil) oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-yl-O-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido D), (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopiranosil)oxi]-21,22-dihidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-β-D-glucopiranosil-(1→6)-β-D-glucopiranosido (Billiosido E) y Dipterosido A. Las estructuras propuestas para las otras 3 saponinas aisladas son (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil-β-D-glucoronopiranosil)oxi]-22-(acetiloxi)-16,24,28-trihidroxiolean-12-en-21-il-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloil)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopiranosido, (3β,16α,21β,22α)-3-[(4-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-β-D-glucoronopiranosil)oxi]-22-(acetiloxi)-16,24,28-trihidroxiolean-12-en-21-il-O-(3,4-di-O-angeloil)-6-Deoxy-β-D-glucopiranosido y (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopiranosil-O-[α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)]-β-D-xilopiranosil)oxi]-21-acetil-22-hidroxiolean-12-en-28-il-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranosido. También se evaluó la actividad inhibitoria de los Billiosidos B y C sobre la absorción intestinal de glucosa in situ en segmentos de intestinos de ratas, además de la capacidad inhibitoria de estos compuestos sobre la enzima glucosa-6-fosfatasa, implicada en la formación de glucosa. Estos Billiosidos mostraron efectos moderados en estos dos experimentos
5

El dilema de la Lapageria Rosea en bosques fragmentados : ¿cantidad o calidad de la progenie?

Henríquez Leiva, Carolina Andrea January 2002 (has links)
La fragmentación del hábitat puede afectar a las plantas al modificar su éxito reproductivo. Poblaciones más pequeñas y aisladas podrían experimentar reducción en la cantidad y calidad de semillas producidas, por cambios en la interacción con polinizadores, reducción en la variabilidad genética y modificación de condiciones abióticas. Dado que procesos como la germinación de semillas y el establecimiento de plántulas dependen de la cantidad y calidad de las semillas generadas, y de factores abióticos, la sobrevivencia de las poblaciones en fragmentos se ve amenzada. El objetivo de esta tesis es estudiar los efectos de la fragmentación del hábitat sobre la cantidad y calidad de la progenie producida en Lapageria rosea (R. et P., Philesiaceae). Se enfatizan procesos relacionados con la regeneración, como polinización, producción y mortalidad de semillas, germinación y establecimiento de plántulas, y de cómo la fragmentación puede afectar estos procesos. Se comparan poblaciones en fragmentos de bosque y en bosque continuo, en el bosque Maulino de Chile central. La fragmentación del bosque genera cambios ambientales en los fragmentos, disminuye la variabilidad genética y el éxito reproductivo de L. rosea. La disminución en la abundancia de polinizadores en los fragmentos, y en la calidad del polen transportado contribuye a reducir la cantidad de semillas producidas. El aumento de endogamia induce a reducción en la calidad de las semillas generadas. Sin embargo, esta menor calidad de las semillas producidas en fragmentos, no determinan diferencias en la probabilidad de germinación o establecimiento de plántulas en el campo. La diferencia entre fragmentos y bosque continuo están dadas mayormente por factores demográficos. / Habitat fragmentation can affect reproductive success in plants. Smaller and more isolated populations can reduce the quantity and quality of the produced seeds, because changes in plant-pollinators interaction, reduction in plant population genetic variability and abiotic changes. Since seed germination and seedling establishment, depend on the quantity and quality of the produced seeds, and on abiotic conditions, long term population survival in forest fragments might be compromised. The general objective of this thesis is to study the effects of habitat fragmentation on the quantity and quality of the produced progeny among Lapageria rosea (R. et P., Philesiaceae). Here it is emphasized processes related to regeneration, such as pollination, seed production and seed mortality, germination and seedling establishment. Fragmented forest and a continuous forest in central Chile, are here compared. Habitat fragmentation induces environmental modifications, besides a reduction in plant population genetic variability and reproductive success in L. rosea. The reduction of pollinators in fragments and the reduction in the quality of the pollen produced, favors the reduction in the amount of seeds produced. Also, the increase in inbreeding generated a reduction in the quality of the seeds produced in fragments. However, the lower quality of the seeds produced is not translated on a reduction in seed germination or seedling established among fragments. Differences between fragments and continuous forest are more associated to demographic factors. This thesis emphasized the importance of mutualistic relationships, demographic factors, and aspect related to the biology of each species, on the responses against habitat fragmentation.
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Influência de fatores bióticos e abióticos no estabelecimento de Clonostachys rosea em tecidos de roseira e controle biológico de Botrytis cinerea pelo antagonista em restos culturais / Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on Clonostachys rosea establishment on rose tissues and biological control of Botrytis cinerea by the antagonist on rose debris

Morandi, Marcelo Augusto Boechat 06 February 2001 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-06-20T16:31:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 443327 bytes, checksum: 5dacc858720c3f3f3562b9c76b172d07 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T16:31:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 443327 bytes, checksum: 5dacc858720c3f3f3562b9c76b172d07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objetivou-se avaliar o controle biológico de B. cinerea por C. rosea, como componente do manejo integrado do mofo cinzento em roseiras, com as seguintes hipóteses de trabalho: i- C. rosea pode colonizar endofiticamente, diferentes tecidos de roseira, em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento; ii- C. rosea possui habilidade saprofítica para se estabelecer na comunidade microbiana dos restos culturais de roseira; iii- C. rosea coloniza eficientemente ferimentos nos tecidos de roseira e limita a colonização do patógeno; e iv- C. rosea reduz eficientemente a produção de inóculo de B. cinerea em condições de cultivo protegido. Clonostachys rosea germinou, estabeleceu endofiticamente e esporulou abundantemente, em tecidos maduros, senescentes ou mortos. A germinação foi mais alta em tecidos mortos (>98% de conídios germinados) que em folhas e pétalas maduras e senescentes (31% a 47%). Quando folhas maduras foram feridas antes da aplicação de C. rosea, o número de conídios germinados dobrou, mas a área com esporulação do fungo não se alterou e foi alta (>75%). Em folhas maduras, aplicou-se C. rosea imediatamente ou até 24 h após ferimento, e, a seguir, inoculou-se B. cinerea; a germinação do patógeno reduziu-se em até 41% e a esporulação em mais de 99%. O período de 24h de alta umidade, antes das aplicações em folhas senescentes e mortas, estimulou o crescimento de fungos indígenas presentes e reduziu a esporulação de C. rosea e B. cinerea. Em folhas mortas, a associação de fungos indígenas com C. rosea contribuiu para o controle do patógeno. Entretanto, quando aplicados em alta densidade de esporos, Penicillium sp. e Alternaria alternata interagiram negativamente com C. rosea e reduziram sua eficiência em 16 e 21%, respectivamente. Em folhas, estudou-se o efeito de infestações de pulgões (Macrosiphum rosae L.) e de ácaros (Tetranychus urticae Koch) no crescimento e esporulação de C. rosea e B. cinerea e na supressão do patógeno pelo antagonista. A germinação dos dois fungos foi maior nas folhas previamente infestadas por pulgões e ácaros. Naaplicação combinada C. rosea+B. cinerea, em folhas não infestadas, o antagonista suprimiu a germinação do patógeno em mais que 50%, mas, nas infestadas, a germinação do patógeno foi alta (>75%). A infestação com pulgões e ácaros aumentou significativamente a esporulação de C. rosea, independentemente da presença de B. cinerea, e a de B. cinerea, quando inoculado isoladamente. Entretanto, na aplicação combinada, o antagonista suprimiu quase que completamente a esporulação do patógeno, tanto nas folhas infestadas quanto nas não infestadas. Em condições de casa de vegetação, avaliaram-se os efeitos de C. rosea na esporulação de B. cinerea e de variáveis climáticas sobre a colonização dos restos culturais de roseiras (‘Sônia’ e ‘Red Success’) por ambos os fungos. Em ambas as cultivares, a esporulação do patógeno foi consistentemente reduzida em 30 a 50% nos tratamentos onde se aplicou C. rosea (C. rosea e C. rosea+mancozeb, para ‘Red Success’, e C. rosea, para ‘Sônia’). Na aplicação de C. rosea+mancozeb, a esporulação do antagonista reduziu-se em 10 a 15%, ao longo do ensaio, apesar de não ter reduzido significativamente o controle da esporulação de B. cinerea. Nos tratamentos onde foi aplicado, C. rosea estabeleceu-se eficientemente nos restos culturais de roseira, em vista do incremento da sua esporulação a cada avaliação, pelo alto valor da área abaixo da curva de esporulação do antagonista e pela redução crescente na esporulação de B. cinerea. Entretanto, não houve redução significativa da incidência da doença, provavelmente, porque as aplicações de C. rosea iniciaram-se ao final de janeiro, quando a epidemia do mofo cinzento já estava em estádio avançado; não se realizaram práticas de saneamento ao longo do ensaio; e nem todas as roseiras da casa de vegetação foram tratadas com C. rosea, o que permitiu a multiplicação do patógeno. Entretanto, espera-se que, em casas de vegetação, mesmo sob condições favoráveis ao patógeno, a aplicação de C. rosea ao longo de vários ciclos produtivos possa reduzir a população de B. cinerea e, conseqüentemente, a incidência do mofo cinzento em botões. A umidade relativa máxima foi o principal fator de estímulo à colonização de ambos os fungos, por sua influência direta no teor de umidade dos restos culturais; enquanto a umidade relativa mínima e a temperatura máxima reduziram a colonização de ambos, por estarem associadas ao dessecamento dos restos. O fato de os requerimentos ambientais para os dois fungos serem similares é relevante em termos do estabelecimento de estratégias de controle biológico de B. cinerea. / To evaluate the biological control of B. cinerea by C. rosea as a component of the integrated management of rose gray mould, the following hypothesis were tested: i- C. rosea is able to grow endophyticaly on different rose tissues at different developmental stages; ii- C. rosea is able to establish on the microbial community of rose debris; iii- C. rosea is able to colonize wounds and restrict the growth of the pathogen in rose tissues; and iv- C. rosea can inhibit B. cinerea sporulation on rose debris in commercial greenhouse. Clonostachys rosea germinated, established, and sporulated abundantly on mature, senescent, and dead tissues. Germination was higher on dead tissues (>98%) than on mature and senescent tissues (31% to 47%). On wounded mature leaves, germination of C. rosea was twice higher than on non-wounded leaves. The area covered by conidiophores was not affected by wounds and was high (>75%) on all instances. On mature leave that were wounded, inoculated with C. rosea immediately or until 24 h after wounded, and challenge inoculated with the pathogen, the germination of B. cinerea was reduced by 41% and the sporulation on more than 99%. When senescent and dead leaves were subjected to a 24h of high humidity before the inoculations, the growth of indigenous fungi was stimulated and the sporulation of both C. rosea and B. cinerea was reduced. The association of the indigenous fungi with C. rosea contributed for the control of the pathogen on dead leaves. However, when applied on high inoculum density, Penicillium sp. and Alternaria alternata interacted negatively with C. rosea and reduced the antagonist efficiency by 16 and 21%, respectively. The effects of aphids (Macrosiphum rosae L.) and mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) infestations on growth and sporulation of C. rosea and B. cinerea and on the control of the pathogen by the antagonist were evaluated on rose leaves. When applied alone, the germination of both fungi was greater on infested leaves than on the control leaves. In the combined application, C. rosea inhibited the germination of the pathogen on non-infested leaves by 50%. However, on infested leaves the germination of B. cinerea was high (>75%) despite the presence of the antagonist. Similarly, the infestations of aphids and mites increased the sporulation of both B. cinerea and C. rosea when each fungus was applied alone. However, in the combined application C. rosea inhibited the sporulation of B. cinerea on more than 99% on infested and non-infested leaves. The reduction on B. cinerea sporulation by C. rosea and the effects of climatic factors on pathogen and antagonist growth on rose debris of ‘Sônia’ and ‘Red Success’ plants were evaluated in a plastic covered greenhouse. For both cultivars, B. cinerea sporulation was consistently reduced by 30 to 50% on the treatments were C. rosea was applied (C. rosea and C. rosea+mancozeb, for ‘Red Success’, and C. rosea, for ‘Sônia’). When C. rosea was associated with mancozeb, fungal sporulation was reduced by 10 to 15%, but the efficiency of the antagonist in controlling pathogen sporulation was not significantly reduced. C. rosea established efficiently on rose debris, as verified by the increment of the antagonist sporulation at each evaluation, the high values of area under sporulation curve, and the crescent reduction on B. cinerea sporulation. However, the incidence of gray mould was not significantly reduced, probably due to three main reasons: the applications of C. rosea started by the end of January, when gray mould epidemic was advanced; no sanitation practices were performed during the experiment; and the production of B. cinerea spores on border plants (untreated) in the greenhouse. The daily maximum relative humidity was the main factor that stimulated the debris colonization by both fungi, probably by its influence on the humidity content of the debris. The daily minimal relative humidity and maximum temperature, probably because of their association to the debris dryness, reduced the growth of both fungi. The find that the environmental requirements for C. rosea and B. cinerea are similar can be of paramount importance to establish a biocontrol strategy against the pathogen. From the present and previous studies, the continuous applications of C. rosea can be expected to markedly reduce inoculum production by B. cinerea and, consequently, gray mould incidence in rose production systems, regardless the favorable conditions for the pathogen in the greenhouse. / Tese importada do Alexandria
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Dynamique des communautés lombriciennes dans les parcelles conduites en Agriculture Biologique. Modélisation de la dynamique des populations d'Aporrectodea caliginosa. / Dynamics of the earthworm communities in organic farming fields. Modeling of the population dynamics of Aporrectodea caliginosa.

De Oliveira, Tatiana 14 June 2012 (has links)
Les lombriciens remplissent, dans les agrosystèmes, de nombreux services, importants pour la production et le bon fonctionnement du sol. Cependant, on manque de connaissances sur la manière dont les facteurs jouent, au champ, sur la densité et la diversité spécifique. Cela rend difficile la prévision des effets des pratiques sur la macrofaune du sol et la mise au point de systèmes de culture en Agriculture Biologique, favorables aux populations de vers endogés.L'objectif de cette thèse était d'analyser, au champ, les variations au cours de l'année de l'abondance des lombriciens dans le contexte de l'Agriculture Biologique du Bassin Parisien. Nous nous sommes tout particulièrement interessés au cas des espèces endogées dont nous avons suivi les abondances dans 5 parcelles pendant 2 ans (2009 et 2010). L'analyse de ces données (et de la littérature scientifique) nous a amené à proposer un modèle simulant la dynamique des populations de vers de l'espèce la plus fréquemment rencontrée sur ces parcelles, A. Caliginosa. Ce modèle est basé sur celui de C. Pelosi (Pelosi et al., 2008).L'analyse des données de suivi des populations a montré qu'il existait un schéma général décrivant l'évolution annuelle de l'abondance (i.e. la densité de vers endogés actifs dans la couche 0-30 cm) de ces parcelles labourées et cultivées en céréales. Ce schéma général est caractérisé par une première phase de décroissance (ou de stabilité) en fin de printemps, suivie d'une période estivale pendant laquelle la population est stable, avant d'augmenter à nouveau à l'automne, pour atteindre un niveau maximal supérieur à celui de l'entrée de l'été. Enfin, l'hiver, l'abondance chute à nouveau. Ce travail, qui confirme les données générales de la littérature sur les endogés, a cependant montré que par rapport à ce schéma il existait d'importantes variations d'une année sur l'autre, entre A. caliginosa et A. rosea et en fonction des parcelles. Les causes de ces variations, complexes, sont discutées dans cette thèse.Parmi ces causes, le travail du sol, et tout particulièrement le labour, joue un rôle important. Cela nous a amené à mettre en place un essai, sur deux des parcelles du suivi, pour étudier les effets de cette opération sur la dynamique des populations des deux espèces endogées citées ci-dessus. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les effets du labour sont variables en fonction de l'espèce considérée. A. caliginosa s'est révélée plus sensible qu'A. rosea, dont les abondances n'ont pas été systématiquement affectées. Celles d'A. caliginosa ont été réduites, juste après le labour en 2009, avec un certain retard (deux mois environ) après cette opération. Ces résultats soulignent ainsi la nécessité d'étudier l'effet des techniques culturales à travers leur impact sur la dynamique des populations (et non sur le niveau d'abondance moyen).La troisième partie de notre travail a été consacrée à l'amélioration du modèle Wormdyn. Nous l'avons tout d'abord adapté au cas de l'espèce A. caliginosa en nous basant sur une étude bibliographique approfondie pour fixer la valeur des paramètres du cycle de vie. Nous avons ensuite introduit une fonction décrivant l'effet de la densité dépendance sur l'abondance. Le modèle a correctement simulé le niveau moyen des abondances mesurées dans les parcelles suivies, malgré une tendance générale à la surestimation des effectifs lorsque les conditions du milieu sont favorables. L'ajout de la densité dépendance a corrigé partiellement ce biais et ouvre à la prise en compte d'autres facteurs de variation des populations, au premier rang desquels la qualité et la quantité des ressources trophiques. / The earthworms fulfil, in the agroecosystems, many services, crucial for the production and proper functioning of the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen our understanding of the drivers of the changes with time of the density and the specific diversity of earthworms communities. Indeed such a knowledge is necessary to predict the effects of the agricultural practices on soil macrofauna and to design cropping systems in organic farming, beneficial to the earthworm abundance. The purpose of this PhD thesis was to analyse, in agricultural fields, the annual variations of the earthworm abundances in the organic farming context of Northern France. We focused on endogeics species, whose abundance was measured during two years (2009 and 2010) in five cropped fields. A model, simulating the earthworm population dynamics of the most abundant species in our cropped fields, A. caliginosa was parametrised with the data collected in thosse fields (and the bibliography). It was also inspired by Pelosi's model (Pelosi et al., 2008). The analysis of the populations dynamics showed a general scheme describing the annual evolution of the abundance (i.e. active endogeic earthworms in the 0-30 cm layer) of these ploughed fields, cropped with cereals. This scheme is characterized by a four-step evolution. a decrease in the abundance (or a stability) at the end of the spring, followed by a summer period with a stability of the population, before an increase at fall, where the abundance reached a higher level compared to the end of spring. Lastly, in winter, the abundance decreases again. This study, which confirmed the general data given by the literature, revealed also significant variations from one year to the other, between A. caliginosa and A. rosea, and also as a function of the crop field. The causes of these variations are discussed in this PhD thesis. Among the possible causes of these variations, soil tillage, especially ploughing, played an important role. This led us to carry out an experiment to study the effects of this practice on the population dynamics of the two endogeic species mentionned above. The results obtained suggested that the effects of the ploughing was species dependent. A. caliginosa was more sensitive than A. rosea, whose abundances were not systematically affected by the ploughing. Those of A. caliginosa were reduced immediately after ploughing in 2009, with some delay (about two months) after this operation. These results emphasize the necessity to study the effect of the agricultural practices through their impact on population dynamics (and not only through the average level of abundance). The third part of our work was devoted to the improvement of the model Wormdyn. We first adapted the model to the species A. caliginosa based on a literature review to determine the the life cycle parameter values for this species. A function describing the effect of density dependence on the abundance was also introduced in the model. The model correctly simulated the average abundances measured in the cropped fields, despite a general tendency to overestimate the abundances, when environmental conditions are favorable. This was only partially corrected by the addition of the density dependence function. The model has to be improved by the introduction of the effect of other factors, first and foremost the quality and quantity of trophic resources.
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Produção in vitro e criopreservação de raízes de Cleome rosea Vahl (Capparaceae) / In vitro production and cryopreservation of Cleome rosea Vahl roots

Lívia da Silva Cordeiro 24 February 2011 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Cleome rosea é uma espécie nativa, de porte herbáceo, ocorrente em restingas brasileiras. Estudos recentes têm revelado o potencial medicinal da espécie para importantes propriedades farmacológicas, como por exemplo, as atividades anti-inflamatória, antigenotóxica, antiviral e antibacteriana. Porém, nos últimos anos, C. rosea não tem sido encontrada em várias regiões de seu ambiente natural, devido, principalmente, às ações antrópicas. Dessa forma, torna-se relevante o desenvolvimento de métodos de conservação que permitam o estudo e exploração das propriedades medicinais da espécie. O cultivo in vitro de raízes representa uma forma eficiente para produção de biomassa, devido ao rápido crescimento, produção estável de metabólitos, além de representar uma potencial fonte de explantes para a propagação em massa de diferentes espécies. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a produção in vitro de culturas de raízes de C. rosea, associada à criopreservação, como forma de manutenção em longo prazo das culturas, monitorada através da análise de estabilidade genética. As culturas estabelecidas a partir de explantes radiculares de plantas propagadas in vitro de C. rosea demonstraram excelente capacidade de multiplicação de raízes em meio de cultura suplementado com o fitorregulador ANA, com manutenção dessa capacidade ao longo de sucessivas subculturas. Associado a esses resultados, o estabelecimento de protocolos de criopreservação pelo método de vitrificação resultou em elevados valores de frequência de recuperação do material após congelamento em nitrogênio líquido com as soluções de vitrificação PVS2 e PVS3. Os estudos de monitoramento da estabilidade genética, pela técnica de marcadores moleculares RAPD, revelaram a presença de polimorfismos significativos em uma das três culturas iniciadas a partir de raízes de C. rosea criopreservadas. Esses resultados demonstram as possibilidades de produção de raízes de C. rosea e conservação em longo prazo através da criopreservação, iniciando estudos inéditos para a espécie. / Cleome rosea is an herbaceous species found in the restinga vegetation of Brazil. Recent studies have reported its medicinal potential for important pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antigenotoxic, antiviral and antibacterial activities. However, in recent years, no C. rosea plants have been found in their natural habitat, mainly due to human impact. Thus, it becomes applicable to the development of conservation methods that facilitate the study and exploration of the medicinal properties of C. rosea. The in vitro roots culture represents an efficient way to produce biomass, due to rapid growth, stable production of metabolites and represent a potential source of explants for mass propagation of different species. This study aimed to produce in vitro root cultures of C. rosea, associated with cryopreservation, as form of long-term maintenance of cultures, monitored by analysis of genetic stability. Cultures established from root explants of in vitro propagated plants of C. rosea showed excellent ability to multiplication of roots in culture medium supplemented with NAA plant regulator, maintaining this capacity during successive subcultures. Associated with these results, the establishment of protocols for cryopreservation by vitrification method resulted in high values of recovery frequency of the material after freezing in liquid nitrogen with vitrification solutions PVS2 and PVS3. Studies to monitoring the genetic stability by RAPD technique revealed the presence of significant polymorphisms in one of three cultures initiated from cryopreserved roots of C. rosea. These results demonstrate the potential production of roots of Cleome rosea and long-term conservation through cryopreservation, starting unpublished studies for the species.
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Produção in vitro e criopreservação de raízes de Cleome rosea Vahl (Capparaceae) / In vitro production and cryopreservation of Cleome rosea Vahl roots

Lívia da Silva Cordeiro 24 February 2011 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Cleome rosea é uma espécie nativa, de porte herbáceo, ocorrente em restingas brasileiras. Estudos recentes têm revelado o potencial medicinal da espécie para importantes propriedades farmacológicas, como por exemplo, as atividades anti-inflamatória, antigenotóxica, antiviral e antibacteriana. Porém, nos últimos anos, C. rosea não tem sido encontrada em várias regiões de seu ambiente natural, devido, principalmente, às ações antrópicas. Dessa forma, torna-se relevante o desenvolvimento de métodos de conservação que permitam o estudo e exploração das propriedades medicinais da espécie. O cultivo in vitro de raízes representa uma forma eficiente para produção de biomassa, devido ao rápido crescimento, produção estável de metabólitos, além de representar uma potencial fonte de explantes para a propagação em massa de diferentes espécies. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a produção in vitro de culturas de raízes de C. rosea, associada à criopreservação, como forma de manutenção em longo prazo das culturas, monitorada através da análise de estabilidade genética. As culturas estabelecidas a partir de explantes radiculares de plantas propagadas in vitro de C. rosea demonstraram excelente capacidade de multiplicação de raízes em meio de cultura suplementado com o fitorregulador ANA, com manutenção dessa capacidade ao longo de sucessivas subculturas. Associado a esses resultados, o estabelecimento de protocolos de criopreservação pelo método de vitrificação resultou em elevados valores de frequência de recuperação do material após congelamento em nitrogênio líquido com as soluções de vitrificação PVS2 e PVS3. Os estudos de monitoramento da estabilidade genética, pela técnica de marcadores moleculares RAPD, revelaram a presença de polimorfismos significativos em uma das três culturas iniciadas a partir de raízes de C. rosea criopreservadas. Esses resultados demonstram as possibilidades de produção de raízes de C. rosea e conservação em longo prazo através da criopreservação, iniciando estudos inéditos para a espécie. / Cleome rosea is an herbaceous species found in the restinga vegetation of Brazil. Recent studies have reported its medicinal potential for important pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antigenotoxic, antiviral and antibacterial activities. However, in recent years, no C. rosea plants have been found in their natural habitat, mainly due to human impact. Thus, it becomes applicable to the development of conservation methods that facilitate the study and exploration of the medicinal properties of C. rosea. The in vitro roots culture represents an efficient way to produce biomass, due to rapid growth, stable production of metabolites and represent a potential source of explants for mass propagation of different species. This study aimed to produce in vitro root cultures of C. rosea, associated with cryopreservation, as form of long-term maintenance of cultures, monitored by analysis of genetic stability. Cultures established from root explants of in vitro propagated plants of C. rosea showed excellent ability to multiplication of roots in culture medium supplemented with NAA plant regulator, maintaining this capacity during successive subcultures. Associated with these results, the establishment of protocols for cryopreservation by vitrification method resulted in high values of recovery frequency of the material after freezing in liquid nitrogen with vitrification solutions PVS2 and PVS3. Studies to monitoring the genetic stability by RAPD technique revealed the presence of significant polymorphisms in one of three cultures initiated from cryopreserved roots of C. rosea. These results demonstrate the potential production of roots of Cleome rosea and long-term conservation through cryopreservation, starting unpublished studies for the species.
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Étude moléculaire des populations de Rhodiola rosea L. du nunavik (Québec, Canada)

Archambault, Mariannick January 2009 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

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