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Different companies and advertising organizations along the time have been employing nudity as an ultimate tool to advertise their products or services and therefore attain the attention of the target market. Even though the tradition of presenting contents which include naked models has been somewhat a well-rooted strategy for decades but a significant factor that has not yet been studied enough is the attitude that target customers shape towards the mentioned sorts of advertisements. Considering the fact that companies may be able to plan more efficiently for their prospective advertisements by studying the customers' attitude and reaction, this research has put its primary focus on describing the attitude of customers towards advertisements bound with the concept of nudity and investigating into the opinions of target customers. After execution of various interviews and data collection, the findings of the study designate that customers depending on multiple criteria would potentially demonstrate both positive and negative attitudes towards an advertisement containing naked models regardless of representing one culture and nationality.

Background: The Internet has developed the world of advertising by giving advertisers the possibility to track specific patterns among their consumers, which shows how consumers are clicking on online advertisements and what translates into sales for the brand. Lately, companies have actively starting to make use of search engines marketing (SEM). The paid advertising on search engines is one option to make a brand’s website visible to its consumers. The attitudes towards advertisements have previously been examined in traditional media and in other online settings, but the research in the context of search engines is limited. Therefore, it calls for deeper insights and knowledge in how consumers hold attitudes towards a brand and its paid advertising on search engines such as Google. Purpose: The purpose is to describe how users’ attitudes towards brands are influenced by the fact that brands have paid for advertising on search engine result pages. This is done through the ABC-model of attitudes. The question asked in this study was: How does paid advertising displayed on search engines affect the attitudes held towards a brand? Methodology: This thesis project used a qualitative approach and was of descriptive nature. The data was gathered through seven unstructured in-depths interviews based on a quota sample considering three criteria: age group, in this case, 18-29-year-olds, and the variable of regular e-commerce buyers, as well as the participants being users of the search engine Google. The researchers verified data saturation at seven interviews. Conclusion: The main finding in this study is that the level of familiarity influences the participants attitudes towards the brand. Previous experience and knowledge with a brand was an affecting factor of how they interpreted the brand’s advertising on Google’s search engine result pages. Knowledge and a positive experience with a brand generated a more positive attitude towards the brand when an unknown brand generated a neutral or more negative attitude towards the brand. Related factors that also influenced the study were the clicking pattern, the landing page, the choices of wording and the intended target groups by the brands. The study also presents a range of recommendations for future research, as well as theoretical and managerial implications.

Master Thesis, Master of Science in Innovation through Business, Engineering and Design with specialisation in Business Administration Field of research: Business Administration, School of Business & Economics University: Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden. Course code:5FE07E Semester: Spring 2017 Author: Juan Sebastian Duque L. Examiner: Saara Taalas Tutor: Soniya Billore Title: Social media influence Subtitle: Qualitative study of Colombian consumer attitude toward social media and its influence Background: The reason for conducting this master thesis in the field of Colombian consumer perspective and the influences on social media, was due to the realisation that there was a need for an increased understanding of the influences that social media is making on Colombian consumer. Besides, the main question is why Colombia? This country is a developing country that its level of growth in multiple sectors is remarkable. It is a market that is attracting multinational companies and expanding with prestigious national brands. The furniture industry is one of the most competitive businesses in this country, therefore using every single resource to acquire customers is a relevant aspect to take into consideration. However, the digital marketing and e- commerce are just emerging. Therefore, there is a need to understand how the Colombian consumer perceives and is influenced by the social media. Also, as Colombia is ranked number 15 with the most daily active users worldwide, meaning that the digital market on social media has a high potential. Colombian consumers are different than European consumer regarding online and social media purchase. Therefore, it is important to understand their attitudes and cognition about this subject. Research question: Q1: How do Colombian consumers perceive the purchase of furniture products through social media? Q2: In which way social media influence Colombian consumer’s attitudes toward purchasing furniture? Purpose: Identify what is the Colombian consumer’s attitude and perception toward purchase furniture through social media. Also, recognising how does social media influence Colombian consumer attitudes toward buying furniture. Method: The research design was qualitative and abductive manner. The empirical data was collected through Semi-structure interviews. It was essential for this study to settle in the ontological part as consumers’ behaviour was examined. Conclusion: This research found that Colombian consumers have a negative attitude towards social media. Nevertheless, this first attitude tends to change when it comes to the influences that social media have in their final decision making when purchasing furniture. Also, the Colombian consumer is seeking for information on social media for every purchase they make. Reviews are a key aspect that they take into consideration when purchasing an item of furniture. These reviews have the power to influences their perception of products and their final decision either to positive or negative.

Background: Consumers are today valuing sustaible brands and products, and green advertising has become an important part of marketing. Sometimes brand do not live up to their green claims and perform what is known as greenwashing. Prior research has concluded that the act of greenwashing hurts consumers' attitude towards brands and this research further explores the effect of greenwashing on attitude formation. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how greenwashing affects consumers' attitude formation towards brands.  Methodology: For this research, a qualitative research approach with an exploratory nature was used. When gathering the empirical data, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The questions were designed to be open-ended in order to gain in-depth information. Before conducting the interviews, a pilot test through two semi-structured interviews was conducted in order to identify if there were any questions that could be improved. For the main study, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants within generation Z, both men and women.  Findings: The key findings is that greenwashing only has a short-term effect on attitude formation which resulted in consumers avoiding the accused brand. The participants' attitude formation changed from the experiential hierarchy to the standard learning hierarchy when greenwashing was discovered.  Conclusion: Cognition had the largest impact on attitude formation as greenwashing was discovered, since it created negative feelings towards the brand. However, the acccusations were seen to be easily forgotten and consumers would go back to old behaviour (experiential hierarchy) in the long-term.

Attitudes are based on motivations and are formed in anticipation that the person will handle similar information at a later date. Attitudes are, therefore, necessary collections of pre-determined behavioral intents toward certain information (Solomon et al., 2016). Attitudes and their underlying functions form using a hierarchical structure where certain elements hold the primacy of effect over the remainder. These elements affect, behavior, and cognition as presented by Solomon and colleagues (Solomon et al., 2016). This study aims to explore how investors form attitudes towards the adoption of unfamiliar attitude objects, specifically when confronted with communications regarding Bitcoin adoption. The reason for this study is threefold; firstly, congruent academia has only conducted temperature checks on already established attitudes towards Bitcoin from diverse crowds in a spread of non-western cultures (Gagarina et al., 2019; Anser et al., 2020). Secondly, the aforementioned studies incorporated loosely defined sample groups. Understanding technology adoption, following the theories of Rogers (1995), requires that inaugural research is done on those who are most likely to adopt the technology. Lastly, congruent research has yet to tackle attitude formation on Bitcoin as an asset. Established research all commit to researching already established attitudes on a less niched sample (Gagarina et al., 2019; Yoo et al., 2020). The conclusion of said studies found thematic, contextual antecedents to why certain participants had certain attitudes. However, these studies do not explore the underlying hierarchy or function of said attitudes. To fill such a gap, a study following a deductive, exploratory nature was developed. Through thematic coding of qualitative interviews, this study contributes to the existing literature in two aspects: first, active Swedish investors rely on affective reasoning when faced with this particular unfamiliar attitude object. Second, such affective reasoning is most likely a result of participants defaulting to the grouping of information within the knowledge function, as no cognitive baseline (in the form of understanding price developments in Bitcoin) could be established. The general attitude formation followed an affective dominant, low-involvement hierarchy created through the knowledge function.

This thesis focuses on pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors and the interactions between recycling behavior, food buying attitudes, food buying behaviors, and ecological beliefs. Following an introductory chapter, I present an article-length paper on recycling behavior to be submitted to Environment and Behavior. Data for this study came from a telephone survey of Tennessee residents (N=270). Using OLS regression analysis, I find that recycling behavior is significantly related to access to recycling facilities. I do not find a significant interaction effect between access to recycling facilities and willingness to recycle. I conclude by suggesting that pro-environmental policies need to make structural resources more available to all in order to promote recycling (and protect the environment in general). Positive attitudes alone do not get us very far. My additional thesis research goal of developing an accurate measure of ecological food buying attitudes and behaviors needs further work.

<p>Produktplacering har växt i popularitet över åren och används i allt fler typer av medier. Det har gjorts flera studier om konsumenters attityder till produktplacering men endast ett fåtal av dem har gjort en distinktion mellan konsumenters attityder till produktplacering i olika slags medier. Genom att använda fokusgrupper ska denna studie därmed undersöka studenters attityder till produktplacering i de fyra följande medierna; filmer, musikvideor, datorspel samt bloggar. För att ta reda på detta användes ABC-modellen av attityder och studenternas attityder delades upp under de tre olika kategorierna inverkan, beteende och kognition. Resultaten visar att studenter överlag är positiva till produktplacering i filmer och anser att det ofta är en naturlig del av filmer. Produktplacering i musikvideor anses lämplig så länge det inte är för mycket fokus på produkten. Angående datorspel tycker studenter att datorspel ibland är bättre när de använder produktplacering för att det gör dem mer realistiska. Emellertid är vissa produkter mer passande än andra att produktplacera i datorspel när det handlar om sannolikhet att de påverkar konsumenters till köp i verkligheten. Bloggar ses som den mest trovärdiga typen av medium för produktplacering då studenter anser att de är mer trovärdiga och pålitliga än andra typer av medier. Likväl är det svårt att uppskatta huruvida produkter i bloggar är produktplacering eller inte.</p> / <p>Product placement has grown in popularity over the years and is current in more and more types of media. While there have been several studies made about people’s attitudes towards product placement, only a few of them have made a distinction been people’s attitudes towards product placement in different types of media. Thus, by using focus groups this study seeks to study students’ attitudes towards product placement in the following four types of media; movies, music videos, video games and blogs. In order to achieve this purpose the ABC-model of attitudes was used and the students’ attitudes were divided into the three different categories affect, behavior and cognition. Findings suggest that students overall are positive towards product placement in movies and believe that it is often a natural part of movies. Product placement in music videos is deemed adequate as long as there is not too much focus on the product itself. Regarding video games students find that video games are sometimes better when they use product placement because it makes them more realistic. However, some products that are placed in video games are more suited than others in terms of likelihood of affecting people to buy the products in real life. Blogs are seen as the most realistic media for product placement because students feel that they are more trustworthy and reliable than other forms of media. Nevertheless, it is difficult to estimate whether products in blogs are in fact product placement or not.</p>

Produktplacering har växt i popularitet över åren och används i allt fler typer av medier. Det har gjorts flera studier om konsumenters attityder till produktplacering men endast ett fåtal av dem har gjort en distinktion mellan konsumenters attityder till produktplacering i olika slags medier. Genom att använda fokusgrupper ska denna studie därmed undersöka studenters attityder till produktplacering i de fyra följande medierna; filmer, musikvideor, datorspel samt bloggar. För att ta reda på detta användes ABC-modellen av attityder och studenternas attityder delades upp under de tre olika kategorierna inverkan, beteende och kognition. Resultaten visar att studenter överlag är positiva till produktplacering i filmer och anser att det ofta är en naturlig del av filmer. Produktplacering i musikvideor anses lämplig så länge det inte är för mycket fokus på produkten. Angående datorspel tycker studenter att datorspel ibland är bättre när de använder produktplacering för att det gör dem mer realistiska. Emellertid är vissa produkter mer passande än andra att produktplacera i datorspel när det handlar om sannolikhet att de påverkar konsumenters till köp i verkligheten. Bloggar ses som den mest trovärdiga typen av medium för produktplacering då studenter anser att de är mer trovärdiga och pålitliga än andra typer av medier. Likväl är det svårt att uppskatta huruvida produkter i bloggar är produktplacering eller inte. / Product placement has grown in popularity over the years and is current in more and more types of media. While there have been several studies made about people’s attitudes towards product placement, only a few of them have made a distinction been people’s attitudes towards product placement in different types of media. Thus, by using focus groups this study seeks to study students’ attitudes towards product placement in the following four types of media; movies, music videos, video games and blogs. In order to achieve this purpose the ABC-model of attitudes was used and the students’ attitudes were divided into the three different categories affect, behavior and cognition. Findings suggest that students overall are positive towards product placement in movies and believe that it is often a natural part of movies. Product placement in music videos is deemed adequate as long as there is not too much focus on the product itself. Regarding video games students find that video games are sometimes better when they use product placement because it makes them more realistic. However, some products that are placed in video games are more suited than others in terms of likelihood of affecting people to buy the products in real life. Blogs are seen as the most realistic media for product placement because students feel that they are more trustworthy and reliable than other forms of media. Nevertheless, it is difficult to estimate whether products in blogs are in fact product placement or not.