There is an increasing awareness in clinical dentistry of the need to better understand the aetiology and management of tooth wear, as increasing numbers of elderly patients are retaining their natural teeth to a stage when they present with extensive wear. In addition, more younger patients are presenting with wear of both primary and permanent teeth. In order to comply with the philosophy of minimal intervention dentistry, clinical management of tooth wear should focus on early detection and prevention before a restorative approach is considered. Fluoride is a commonly used agent in the management of tooth wear, with previous studies showing that it can protect teeth against erosion (at around pH 2.0 and 3.0) and toothbrush abrasion in an acidic environment (at around pH 3.0). However, it does not reduce attritional wear between opposing tooth specimens. Nightguards are commonly used to prevent attritional wear but there is still a need to improve preventive strategies to manage the risk of erosive tooth wear. Previous in vitro studies have shown that a remineralizing agent in the form of CPP-ACP (casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate) can reduce erosion of both enamel and dentine by white wine. A recent study has also highlighted the potential lubricating and remineralizing properties of a CPP-ACP containing paste (Tooth Mousse®, G C Asia Pty Ltd) in reducing dentine wear in both an acidic environment (pH 3.0) and a near neutral environment (pH 6.1). In this context, it is desirable to investigate the effect of CPP-ACP on enamel wear under conditions simulating various clinical situations and to better understand the nature of third-body components at the wear interface. The aims of the present study were: (i) to determine the effect of CPP-ACP on enamel wear under conditions simulating three clinical situations: heavy attrition with gastric regurgitation (at pH 1.2); toothbrush abrasion after an erosive episode (at pH 3.2); and erosion from gastric regurgitation (at pH 1.2), and (ii) to clarify its mode of action by characterizing the enamel surface treated with CPP-ACP. Electro-mechanical tooth wear machines were used to simulate attrition and toothbrush abrasion in combination with erosion, but no machine was used in experiments investigation erosion alone. The effect of paste containing CPP-ACP in reducing erosive tooth wear was also compared with that without CPP-ACP. Enamel surfaces with and without treatment with CPP-ACP were then characterized by using Time of Flight – Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). CPP-ACP was found to reduce enamel wear under conditions simulating heavy attrition combined with gastric regurgitation, and toothbrush abrasion after an erosive episode. However, it did not protect enamel from erosion under conditions simulating gastric regurgitation alone, indicating that its lubricating effect was more pronounced than its remineralizing effect. Silicone and ethyl siloxane were present in trace amounts on the enamel surface treated with Tooth Mousse®, thus they were found to be included in its formulation. These findings imply that CPP-ACP nanocomplexes and silicon can act as third body components to lubricate the wear interface. The findings presented in this thesis have implications for clinical management of tooth wear and may lead to new strategies of tooth wear prevention. Although some caution is needed in extrapolating these findings to the in vivo situation, it should be noted that in vitro studies provide valuable insights into separate components of the tooth wear process that are often difficult to distinguish in clinical situations. Overall, this thesis provides new information about the role of CPP-ACP in reducing erosive enamel wear and provides a basis for future experimental and clinical studies focussing on tooth wear prevention. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1379897 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Dentistry, 2009

Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2010 / Title from PDF t. p. (viewed May 12, 2010) Advisor(s): Michael A. Cochran, Chair of the Research Committee, Jeffrey A. Platt, Bruce A. Matis, Carlos Gonzalez-Cabezas, Sopanis D. Cho. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-69).

O desgaste superficial por abrasão é uma manifestação patológica que decorre do atrito entre partículas secas e a superfície do material, causando uma perda progressiva das camadas mais externas da estrutura. Entender esse mecanismo de deterioração e ainda os parâmetros que influenciam a sua ocorrência são preocupações válidas, visto que ele compromete a durabilidade e a funcionalidade de estruturas, tais como pisos de concreto. Além disso, a correção desta manifestação patológica exige gastos elevados com reparo ou substituição do concreto e, dessa maneira, a necessidade de maiores estudos buscando ações mais efetivas na prática é justificada. Neste particular, estudou-se a influência das propriedades relacionadas à matriz e à superfície na resistência à abrasão dos compósitos. Para tanto, alguns fatores que influenciam na qualidade dos concretos empregados em pisos, como o tipo de cimento (CP IV; CP V-ARI), a relação água/aglomerante (0,40; 0,60), o teor de substituição de sílica ativa (0%; 10%) e o tipo de cura (submersa; caixa aquecida) foram avaliados. Os ensaios adotados para estudar a influência das propriedades de massa no mecanismo de degaste foram os de resistência à compressão uniaxial, resistência à tração na flexão e exsudação. Já os ensaios para verificar a influência das propriedades de superfície na magnitude desse mecanismo foram os de dureza superficial, resistência à abrasão, porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio, microdureza por indentação, análises em microscópio estereoscópico e a digitalização tridimensional à laser. Os resultados encontrados mostraram uma influência estatística significativa do tipo de cimento sobre todas as propriedades avaliadas, sendo que o cimento de alta resistência inicial apresentou melhor desempenho em comparação ao cimento pozolânico, considerando uma mesma idade de análise (63 dias). Além disso, verificou-se uma influência estatística significativa da relação a/agl no comportamento dos concretos, onde a relação a/agl 0,6 aumentou os índices de desgaste das amostras em relação as de referência (a/agl 0,4), conforme esperado. Quanto ao tipo de cura, os compósitos curados de forma submersa apresentaram os melhores resultados frente ao desgaste superficial comparando-se àqueles mantidos na cura em caixa aquecida. Finalmente, analisando o teor de substituição de sílica ativa, observou-se que a substituição de 10 % sobre a massa de cimento proporcionou acréscimos estatisticamente significativos na resistência à abrasão das amostras com menor relação a/agl; somando-se a isto, a presença da sílica minimizou o efeito da cura em caixa aquecida na camada superficial das amostras de concreto submetidas ao desgaste. Concluindo, a resistência à abrasão dos concretos mostrou ter uma importante relação não somente com as suas propriedades de massa, mas também com a qualidade da sua camada superficial, uma vez que apresentou forte correlação com as características de superfície avaliadas, como a dureza superficial, a microdureza e a porosimetria ao mercúrio. Além disso, salienta-se que o ensaio de dureza superficial por esclerometria poderia ser adotado como parâmetro para determinação direta da resistência ao desgaste e sugere-se que a exsudação dos pisos de concreto venha a ser o fator principal no controle da qualidade da camada superficial da placa de concreto. / Surface abrasion wear is a pathological manifestation triggered by friction between dried particles and the surface of the material, provoking a progressive loss of the outermost layers. The comprehension of this mechanism of deterioration and also the parameters that influence its occurrence are valid concerns, since it compromises the durability and functionality of structures such as concrete floors. In addition, repair this pathological manifestation or replace the damage concrete require high expenditure. Thus, the necessity of further studies seeking for practical effective actions is justified. In this particular, the aim of this work was to study the influence of properties related to the matrix and the surface of composites on abrasion resistance. For this purpose, some factors that influence the quality of the concrete used in floors, including the cement type (CP IV; CP V-ARI), the water / binder ratio (0.40, 0.60), the replacement content of silica fume (0%, 10%) and the conditions of cure (submerged; heat box) were evaluated. The assays employed in order to study the influence of mass properties on the wear mechanism were the compressive strength, flexural tensile strength and bleeding. As regards to the influence of surface properties on the magnitude of this mechanism, it was verified by testing the surface hardness, abrasion resistance, porosimetry by mercury intrusion, microhardness by indentation, analysis in stereoscopic microscope and three-dimensional laser scanning. The obtained data demonstrated a statistically significant influence of cement type on all assessed properties, with the high early strength cement presenting a better performance as compared to pozzolan cement, considering a similar age of analysis (63 days). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant influence of water / binder ratio on concrete behavior, where the water / binder ratio of 0.6 increased the wear rates of the samples in comparison to the reference (water / binder 0.4), as expected. Regarding to the conditions of cure, the submerged composites showed better results against surface wear as compared to those kept in the heat box. Finally, it was observed that the replacement content of silica fume of 10% on the cement mass provided statistically significant increases in abrasion resistance of samples with lower water / binder ratio. In addition, the presence of silica minimized the effects of curing in a heat box on the surface layer of concrete samples that were submitted to wear. In conclusion, the abrasion resistance of concretes demonstrated an important relationship not only with the mass properties of these structures but also with the quality of their surface layer, since a strong correlation with the evaluated surface features was observed, including surface hardness, microhardness and porosimetry by mercury intrusion. Moreover, it is emphasized that the surface hardness assay by rebound hammer may be used as a parameter for direct determination of wear resistance and it is suggested that bleeding of concrete floors might be the main factor for controlling the surface layer quality of the concrete slab.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Patricia Aparecida da Ana / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, 2014. / As lesões de erosão e abrasao em superfícies dentinárias apresentaram sua prevalencia aumentada nos ultimos anos, o que evidencia a necessidade de estrategias preventivas e do desenvimento de um metodo de diagnostico precoce destas lesoes. Desta maneira, a Biofotonica tem muito a contribuir neste aspecto. Este estudo objetivou verificar a possibilidade de diagnostico inicial e de monitoramento da progressao da erosao e abrasao dentinarias por meio de tecnicas opticas, empregando-se um sistema de tomografia por coerencia optica (OCT) e um sistema de imagens por fluorescencia (SIF), assim como avaliar o potencial do laser de Nd:YAG, quando associado ou nao a aplicacao topica de fluor fosfato acidulado (FFA), na prevencao da perda estrutural promovida pela erosao e abrasao da dentina. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo in vitro em que foram preparados 192 blocos de dentina radicular bovina, os quais foram aleatoriamente distribuidos em quatro grupos experimentais (n = 48): G1- sem tratamento; G2- tratamento com fluor fosfato acidulado (FFA, 1,23% F-, pH = 3,3 . 3,9); G3- irradiacao com laser de Nd:YAG (1064 nm, 0,6 W, 10 Hz, 84,9 J/cm2); G4- aplicacao de FFA, seguida de irradiacao com laser de Nd:YAG. Apos os tratamentos, as amostras foram submetidas a um modelo de desafio de erosao e abrasao por escovacao durante 15 dias, sendo avaliadas por OCT e SIF em 5 momentos distintos: antes e apos os tratamentos, e apos 5, 10 e 15 dias de desafio. A avaliacao morfologica superficial foi efetuada empregando-se microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV). Por meio da tecnica de OCT, observou-se o desenvolvimento de lesoes de erosao/abrasao de 9,8 } 2,9 ¿Êm de profundidade em apenas 5 dias de desafio nas amostras sem tratamento, enquanto que as amostras irradiadas apresentaram lesoes com profundidade media de 6,0 } 2,7 ¿Êm. Em todo o periodo, observou-se que a irradiacao com laser reduziu significativamente (p = 0,00) o desenvolvimento da erosao dentinaria, totalizando area media de lesao de 14265,7 } 11989,0 ¿Êm2, enquanto que o grupo sem tratamento apresentou area de 34111,5 } 9269,8 ¿Êm2. A aplicacao de FFA nao modificou significativamente (p > 0,05) a area ou profundidade das lesões formadas em nenhum dos tempos de desafio. Foram detectadas alteracoes na fluorescencia da dentina decorrentes dos tratamentos e do desafio empregado, sendo relacionadas principalmente a formacao da camada de esfregaco decorrente da escovacao sobre a dentina, a qual foi evidenciada tambem nas analises por MEV. A irradiacao com laser isoladamente promoveu fusao e ressolidificacao da superficie, enquanto se observou discreta ablacao e exposicao de tubulos dentinarios quando associado a aplicacao de FFA. Desta maneira, foi possivel concluir que a tecnica de OCT possibilita o diagnostico precoce e o monitoramento tanto das areas quanto da profundidade das lesoes de erosao e abrasao formadas na dentina, enquanto que a tecnica de SIF permite a deteccao das modificacoes quimicas oriundas deste processo, tais como a formacao da camada de esfregaco. Ainda assim, pode-se concluir que a irradiacao da dentina com laser de Nd:YAG promove reducao da progressao das lesoes de erosao na dentina, e a associacao com FFA nao apresenta nenhum efeito sobre este processo. / Last years showed an increase in the prevalence of erosion and abrasion lesions on dentin surfaces, highlighting even more the need for preventive strategies and development of early diagnosis methods. Several biophotonic methods could be of great utility for this application. This work has two main objectives. The first one is to evaluate the potential of two optical techniques for initial diagnosis and monitoring of dentin abrasion and erosion, using an Optical Coherence Tomography system (OCT) and a fluorescence imaging system (FIS). The second objective is to characterize the effect of the Nd:YAG laser, with or without topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), for prevention of structural loss by erosion and abrasion of the dentin. An in vitro study involved 192 blocks of bovine root dentine, which were randomly distributed in four experimental groups (n = 48): G1 without treatment; G2 treatment with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF, F 1.23%, pH = 3.3 to 3.9); G3 irradiation with Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 0.6 W, 10 Hz, 84.9 J / cm2); G4 application of APF followed by irradiation with Nd:YAG laser. After these protocols, all samples were subjected to a model of erosion and abrasion brushing for 15 days, then evaluated by OCT and FIS at 5 different time points: before treatment, after treatment, after 5, 10 and 15 days of erosion/abrasion. Morphological evaluation of the surface was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 5 days of erosion/abrasion, the depth of the lesions on untreated samples was measured at 9.8 ± 2.9 microns using OCT, while the irradiated samples (G3) showed an average depth of 6.0 ± 2.7 microns. Throughout the period, it was observed that the laser irradiation significantly reduced the development of dentine erosion (p = 0.00): the average total lesion area was 14265.7 ± 11989.0 ìm2, while the untreated group had an average total area of 34111.5 ± 9269.8 ìm2. The application of APF did not significantly modify the area nor the depth of the lesions formed at any of the time points (p> 0.05). Dentin fluorescence was modified by the treatments and the erosion/abrasion protocol due to the creation of smear layer by brushing on dentin, which was also showed by SEM analysis. Laser irradiation alone promoted melting and re-solidification of the surface, while discrete ablation and exposure of dentinal tubules appeared when laser irradiation was associated with APF application. This study has shown that OCT allows early diagnosis and monitoring of the area as well as the depth of dentin lesions, while FIS is able to detect chemical modifications such as the formation of a smear layer. Furthermore, it can be concluded that dentin irradiation by Nd:YAG laser decreases the erosion process of dentin lesions, while the use of APF has no effect on this process.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2000-12-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_vo_dr_arafo.pdf: 540803 bytes, checksum: 7326794dd51a361dd48b2e7c4b355170 (MD5) / O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência da forma do preparo cavitário na microinfiltração marginal em restaurações em dentes decíduos. Foram preparadas canaletas medindo 2,0 mm nas faces vestibular e lingual de molares decíduos que foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de acordo com a técnica de preparo cavitário: Grupo I - alta rotação associado à ponta diamantada; Grupo II - sistema de abrasão a ar; e Grupo III - laser Er:YAG. Após o condicionamento com ácido fosfórico por 15 segundos, foi utilizado o adesivo Single Bond (3M) e a resina Filtek Flow (3M) para restaurar as canaletas. Os espécimes foram então mantidos em estufa a 37ºC por 6 dias, termociclados (500 ciclos com temperatura variando entre 5 e 55ºC), isolados e colocados em solução de fucsina básica à 0,5% durante 24 horas. Após serem seccionados a microinfiltração foi avaliada em microscópio ótico ligado a uma câmera de vídeo com 10 X de aumento. Para se avaliar a forma das cavidades medimos os ângulos oclusal, cervical e de abertura das cavidades, bem como a largura e a profundidade das mesmas por meio de fotomicrografias obtidas em MEV. Os resultados demonstraram semelhança estatística entre as larguras dos preparos cavitários, porém os ângulos oclusal, cervical e de abertura das cavidades apresentaram-se diferentes estatisticamente e que não houve microinfiltração marginal em nenhum dos grupos avaliados e que a diferença na forma de preparo das cavidades não influenciou na microinfiltração marginal dos espécimes estudados. / The aim of this research was the evaluation of the cavity prepare technique on the marginal microleakage in deciduous teeth. Cavities measuring 2.0 mm were prepared on the buccal and lingual faces and were divided into three groups according to the cavity prepare technique: Group I - High speed associated to diamond bur; Group II - air abrasion system; and Group III - Er:YAG laser. After the phosphoric acid etching for 15 seconds, the Single Bond (3M) adhesive and te Filtek Flow (3M) were used for the restoration of the cavities. Then the sample was stored at 37ºC for 6 days, termocycled (500 cycles with temperature varying from 5 to 55º C), isolated and immersed in a 0.5% funcsin solution for 24 hours. After being sectioned the microleakage was examined with a magnification optical microscope connected to a color video camera. In order to evaluate the shape of the cavities the occlusal, cervical and cavity opening angles were measured, as well as the width and depth of then, using SEM photographs. The results showed that there was no marginal microleakage in any of the evaluated groups and that the difference in the cavity shape did not influence the marginal infiltration on the studied samples.

Doctor of Philosophy / Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Mark E. Casada / Ronaldo G. Maghirang / Wind erosion is an important problem in many locations, including the Great Plains, that needs to be controlled to protect soil and land resources. This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of vegetation (specifically, standing vegetation and tree barriers) as controls for wind erosion. Specific objectives were to: (1) measure sand transport and abrasion on artificial standing vegetation, (2) determine porosity and drag of a single row of Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) barrier, (3) assess effectiveness of Osage orange barriers in reducing dust, (4) predict airflow through standing vegetation, and (5) predict airflow and particle collection through Osage orange barriers. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to measure wind speed profiles, relative abrasion energies, and sand discharge rates for bare sand and for two vegetation heights (150 and 220 mm) at various densities of vegetation. Results showed that vegetation density was directly related to threshold velocity and inversely related to sand discharge. The coefficient of abrasion was adversely affected by saltation discharge but did not depend on wind speed. Field tests measured the aerodynamic and optical porosities of Osage orange trees using wind profiles and image analysis, respectively, and an empirical relationship between the two porosities was derived. Vertical wind profiles were also used to estimate drag coefficients. Optical porosity correlated well with the drag coefficient. Field measurements also showed a row of Osage orange barrier resulted in particulate concentration reduction of 15 to 54% for PM2.5 and 23 to 65% for PM10. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software (OpenFOAM) was used to predict airflow in a wind tunnel with artificial standing vegetation. Predicted wind speeds differed slightly from the measured values, possibly due to oscillatory motions of the standing vegetation not accounted for in the CFD simulation. OpenFOAM was also used to simulate airflow and particle transport through a row of Osage orange barrier. Predicted and measured wind speeds agreed well. Measured dust concentration reduction at two points (upwind and downwind) were also similar to the predicted results.

abstract: The morphology of mountainous areas is strongly influenced by stream bed incision rates, but most studies of landscape evolution consider erosion at basin scales or larger. The research here attempts to understand the smaller-scale mechanics of erosion on exposed bedrock channels in the conceptual framework of an established saltation-abrasion model by Sklar and Dietrich [2004]. The recirculating flume used in this experiment allows independent control of bed slope, water discharge rate, sediment flux, and sediment grain size – all factors often bundled together in simple models of river incision and typically cross-correlated in natural settings. This study investigates the mechanics of erosion on exposed bedrock channels caused by abrasion of transported particles. Of particular interest are saltating particles, as well as sediment near the threshold between saltation and suspension - sediment vigorously transported but with significant interaction with the bed. The size of these erosive tools are varied over an order of magnitude in mean grain diameter, including a sand of D¬50 = 0.56 mm, and three gravel sizes of 3.39, 4.63, and 5.88 mm. Special consideration was taken to prevent any flow conditions that created a persistent alluvial cover. The erodible concrete substrate is fully exposed at all times during experiments reported here. Rates of erosion into the concrete substrate (a bedrock proxy) were measured by comparing topographic data before and after each experimental run, made possible by a precision laser mounted on a high speed computer-controlled cart. The experimental flume was able to produce flow discharge as high as 75 liters per second, sediment fluxes (of many varieties) up to 215 grams per second, and bed slopes up to 10%. I find a general positive correlation is found between erosion rate and bed slope, shear stress, grain size, and sediment flux. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Geological Sciences 2016

Este estudo, composto por 2 experimentos in situ, teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do laser de Er:YAG no controle da progressão de lesões de erosão e abrasão no esmalte dental. Incisivos bovinos foram seccionados (5x3x2,5mm), planificados e polidos. Os fragmentos de esmalte (KHN=330±10%) tiveram parte da superfície coberta com resina composta (área de referência), e posteriormente foram submetidos à formação de lesões erosivas com ácido cítrico 1% (pH = 2,3), 5 minutos, 2x/dia, durante 2 dias. No primeiro experimento, 56 espécimes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o tratamento de superfície: irradiados com laser de Er:YAG (5,2J/cm2, 2Hz, 85mJ, 10s) e não irradiados, e subdivididos de acordo com o tipo de desgaste: erosivos (ácido cítrico) e não erosivos (água deionizada). A realização dos desafios foi realizada através da imersão dos dispositivos em 100mL de ácido cítrico ou água deionizada, 3x/dia, de maneira alternada e independente. O desgaste do esmalte foi determinado por um perfilômetro óptico 3D após: formação inicial da lesão erosiva, tratamento da superfície e fase intraoral. A avaliação de desgaste foi verificada por meio de três leituras de cada área em relação a área de referência. Os dados foram analizados através da análise de variância (ANOVA) e do teste Tukey. No primeiro experimento quando utilizou-se água deionizada (desafios não erosivos) na fase intraoral, os espécimes apresentaram menores valores de desgaste comparados aos grupos que foram erodidos, independentemente de terem sido irradiados ou não com laser de Er:YAG. No entanto, quando erodidos na fase intraoral, o grupo irradiado com laser de Er:YAG não diferiu do grupo não irradiado. O desgaste do esmalte foi avaliado qualitativamente por microscopia eletrônica de varredura em 3 espécimes de cada grupo. No segundo experimento, 48 espécimes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o tratamento de superfície: irradiados com laser de Er:YAG (5,2 J/cm2, 2Hz, 85mJ, 10s) e não irradiados, e subdivididos de acordo com o tipo de desgaste: erosivos (ácido cítrico) e erosivos associado a abrasão (ácido cítrico e escovação). A realização dos desafios, foi realizada através da imersão dos dispositivos em 100mL de ácido cítrico e imersão em ácido cítrico+escovação, de cada um dos lados do dispositivo, 3x/dia. A análises de perfilometria e microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram realizadas como descritas nos procedimentos do primeiro experimento. Os dados obtidos no segundo experimento foram submetidos à análise estatística de forma separada e independente do primeiro experimento, utilizando o teste Kruskal- Wallis e o teste Mann-Whitney. Os resultados deste segundo experimento mostraram que após os desafios erosivos e abrasivos, o grupo que foi irradiado com laser de Er:YAG apresentou menores valores de desgaste quando comparados com o grupo que não foi irradiado. O grupo que sofreu apenas erosão e foi irradiado com laser de Er:YAG não diferiu significativamente quanto aos valores de desgaste do grupo não irradiado. Assim, pode-se concluir que o laser de Er:YAG não controlou o desgaste do esmalte quando submetidos apenas a desafios erosivos, porém, foi capaz de controlar o desgaste do esmalte quando submetidos a processos abrasivos subsequentes. / This study, composed of two in situ experiment, evaluated the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation to control the progression of erosive and abrasive lesions on enamel. Bovine incisors were sectioned (5x3x2.5mm), flattened and polished. The enamel slabs (KHN = 330 ± 10%) with one fourth of the surface covered with resin composite (reference area) were submitted to initial erosion-like lesion formation with 1% citric acid (pH 2,3), 5 min, 2x/day for 2 days. In the first experiment, 56 slabs were divided into two groups according to the surface treatment: irradiated with Er:YAG laser (5,2 J / cm2, 2 Hz, 85 mJ, 10 s) and non-irradiated, and subdivided according to the type of wear: erosive (citric acid) and non-erosive (deionized water). The challenges were performed by immersing the devices in 100 mL citric acid or deionized water, 3x/day, randomly and independently. Enamel loss was determined by an optical 3D profilometer after: initial erosion, surface treatment and intraoral phase. The average of structure loss was verified by three readings of each experimental area comparing with reference area. Data was analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys test. In the first experiment, when used deionized water (non-erosive challenges) in intraoral phase, the specimens showed lower values of wear compared with the groups that were eroded with citric acid, whether irradiated or non-irradiated with Er:YAG laser. When erosion with citric acid was performed, Er:YAG laser didnt differ from non-irradiated group. The enamel wear was assessed qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy in 3 specimens of each group. In the second experiment, 48 slabs were divided into two groups according to the surface treatment: irradiated with Er:YAG laser (5,2 J/cm2, 2 Hz, 85 mJ, 10 s) and nonirradiated and subdivided according to the type of wear: erosive (citric acid) and erosive associated with abrasive (citric acid + brushing). The challenges were performed by immersing the devices in 100 mL citric acid and citric acid+brushing on each side of the device. The profilometry and scanning electronic microscopy analysis were performed as described in the procedures of the first experiment. The data from the second study were statistically analyzed separately and independently of the first experiment, using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test.The results of the second experiment showed that after erosive and abrasive challenges, the group irradiated with Er:YAG laser showed lower structure loss than nonirradiated group. The group that suffered erosion and was irradiated, did not differ significantly from the non-irradiated group. Thus, it can be concluded the Er:YAG laser irradiation didnt control the enamel loss when submitted to erosive challenges, however, was able to control the enamel loss when submitted to abrasive challenges.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 porto_ts_me_arafo.pdf: 998293 bytes, checksum: 6183c4e4dea84be0c45e2947766bf407 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a superfície interna de dois sistemas cerâmicos, após diferentes tratamentos de superfície, avaliação essa feita por meio de rugosimetria e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram utilizadas as seguintes cerâmicas: IPS Empress II (Ivoclar-Vivadent Alemanha) e InCeram Alumina (Vita Zahnfabrick - Alemanha). Foram confeccionadas 50 amostras em forma de pastilha para cada sistema cerâmico de acordo com as especificações dos fabricantes, armazenadas à temperatura ambiente para então serem submetidas ao tratamento superficial, a saber (n=10): sem tratamento (T0) (controle); Ácido fluorídrico (T1); Ácido fluorídrico associado ao jato de óxido de alumínio (T2); Sistema Cojet (T3); Laser Nd:YAG (T4). Para os resultados de rugosidade, padronizaram-se as medidas em Ra, sendo posteriormente realizada a análise estatística por meio de ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<.001). Para ambos os grupos controle (T0) das cerâmicas testadas, as análises evidenciaram os valores de rugosidade mais inferiores; para o Sistema InCeram Alumina, os tratamentos, ácido fluorídrico (T1), Sistem Cojet (T3)e Laser Nd:YAG (T4), não tiveram diferença estatisticamente significante; já para o Sistema IPS Empress II, todos os tratamentos foram estatisticamente diferentes. As fotomicrografias em microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostraram características diferentes para os tratamentos peculiares para cada sistema cerâmico. Baseado nos dados obtidos pode-se concluir que, quanto ao IPS Empress II, o tratamento com ácido fluorídrico é suficiente, assim como o Sistema CoJet é para o InCeram Alumina. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para que se tenham parâmetros ideais para o tratamento a laser. / The present study aimed at evaluating the inner surface of two ceramic systems, after different surface treatments, performed by surface roughness tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). IPS Empress II (Ivoclar-Vivadent – Germany) and InCeram Alumina (Vita Zahnfabrick – Germany) were used. Fifty lozenge-shaped samples were made for each ceramic system according to the manufacturers’ specifications, and stored at room temperature prior to surface treatment; namely (n=10): non-treated (T0) (control); hydrofluoric acid (T1); hydrofluoric acid associated to airborne particle abrasion (T2); CoJet System (T3); Laser Nd: YAG (T4). Roughness measurement results were standardized in Ra. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (p<.001) were used to perform the stastistics analysis. For both control groups of the tested ceramics, analyses revealed the lowest roughness values; for the InCeram Alumina System, treatments such as hydrofluoric acid (T1), CoJet System (T3) and Laser Nd:YAG (T4) did not present any statistically significant difference, while for the IPS Empress II System, all treatments were statistically different. Photomicrographs by SEM showed different characteristics for each ceramic system treatment. Based on the resulting data, it can be concluded that the hydrofluoric acid treatment suits the IPS Empress II System, as well as the CoJet System suits the InCeram Alumina System. Further research might be done in order to get ideal parameters for the laser treatment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:44:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06896.pdf: 4262092 bytes, checksum: a107ec0ad6ce79bad3021b2d96ac0cc6 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dissertacao [Mestrado] / IEA/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP / FAPESP:98/01953-0