This dissertation is a descriptive study of speech acts encoded in Kirundi marriage transactional discourse and the strategies used by the participants to encode them and attempts to understand the interrelationships between the speech acts and the strategies.Chapter 1 states the objectives and describes the data to be studied and the approach to go about it. Chapter 2 provides the reader with some background information on Burundian society and culture in the area of matrimony.Chapter 3 explores the conversation activities and the management of the interactions between the interactants in the sociocultural context of marriage transactions. Formality participation status are discussed and shown to be crucial factors for the semantic and pragmatic interpretation of the participants' verbal contributions. Chapter 4 investigates the nature and the function of the speech acts performed by the interactants. The speech act identification and categorization are based on the social aspects of linguistic action and on the conventionality and contextuality of discourse. Chapter 5 inquires into the strategies applied by the interactants to encode and decode them. Chapter 6 is a summary and conclusion. / Department of English

Thematic interrelation is an underdeveloped field of inquiry in Lukan studies. The design and elegance of Lukan theology begs for guided investigation into a possible system of organisation that governs history and theology, that is, narrative and theme. Based on the Greimasian Actantial Model, morpho–syntactical structural–critical analysis of Luke and Acts reveals that the covenant concept in its operative aspect of service functions as an organising principle, structuring the narratives and facilitating thematic interrelation. A survey of representative Lukan research consisting of five methodologically determined approaches shows a commonality regarding Lukan purpose. These all share the “plan of God” as a fundamental concept, thus intimating its plausibility as a common organisational principle in the text. This observation encourages further analysis of Lukan narrative and meta–narrative as relevant subject matter. Investigation into the purpose and goals of Ancient Jewish and Ancient Greek literature suggests that the concepts of piety/holiness and justness combined with a notion of divine order and expectation demonstrates organisational capacity. Under the terms and conditions of the Old Covenant three non–exclusive themes/concepts hold organisational functionality and ability to facilitate thematic interrelation: Exodus typology, the covenant concept and the eschaton idea. Exodus typology connects narrative with theme, developing Israel’s story. The covenant idea frames stories using parallelism and gives the meta–story progression. The eschaton idea presents the Day of YHWH as an organisational principle guiding the story of judgment to restoration. It is observed that the covenant concept is the most prevalent of these themes/ideas. Assuming the conceptual unity of Luke and Acts and adopting a morpho–syntactical structuralist approach, it was observed that the covenant concept in its operative aspect of service occurred as Helper at ten places, determining the development and structure of the meta–narrative. According to the Greimasian Actantial Model, Israel failed to fulfil its covenant–based mandate to serve God and shine God’s light of mercy to the nations. Jesus, Israel’s new Helper, becomes the Subject and by his covenant–based ministry, characterised as the greatest service, resolves the problem that prevents Israel from carrying out its divine mandate and sets the stage for its fulfilment. In Jesus Israel is given new leaders, an ethical platform of discipleship and the Holy Spirit. The apostle Paul as the epitomised and exemplary witness and servant of Jesus fulfils what Israel could not. He is vindicated in righteousness and shares in the Isaianic ministry of Jesus, to bear witness to leaders and to shine God’s light to the nations. Paul is unhindered in this ministry. Additionally, in thematic–critical terms, the key placement of the covenant concept in its operative aspect of service at plot–defining junctures features its catalytic dynamic as a “template” concept advancing the re–conceptualising of themes and providing a platform for meaningful relation. The evidence thus suggests that the covenant concept in its operative aspect structures the conjoined narratives of Luke and Acts. It also provides a basis for relation between the divine and humans in the context of the history of God’s salvation, linking history and theology, and makes possible a discernible means to thematic interrelation. / Thesis (Ph.D. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Thematic interrelation is an underdeveloped field of inquiry in Lukan studies. The design and elegance of Lukan theology begs for guided investigation into a possible system of organisation that governs history and theology, that is, narrative and theme. Based on the Greimasian Actantial Model, morpho–syntactical structural–critical analysis of Luke and Acts reveals that the covenant concept in its operative aspect of service functions as an organising principle, structuring the narratives and facilitating thematic interrelation. A survey of representative Lukan research consisting of five methodologically determined approaches shows a commonality regarding Lukan purpose. These all share the “plan of God” as a fundamental concept, thus intimating its plausibility as a common organisational principle in the text. This observation encourages further analysis of Lukan narrative and meta–narrative as relevant subject matter. Investigation into the purpose and goals of Ancient Jewish and Ancient Greek literature suggests that the concepts of piety/holiness and justness combined with a notion of divine order and expectation demonstrates organisational capacity. Under the terms and conditions of the Old Covenant three non–exclusive themes/concepts hold organisational functionality and ability to facilitate thematic interrelation: Exodus typology, the covenant concept and the eschaton idea. Exodus typology connects narrative with theme, developing Israel’s story. The covenant idea frames stories using parallelism and gives the meta–story progression. The eschaton idea presents the Day of YHWH as an organisational principle guiding the story of judgment to restoration. It is observed that the covenant concept is the most prevalent of these themes/ideas. Assuming the conceptual unity of Luke and Acts and adopting a morpho–syntactical structuralist approach, it was observed that the covenant concept in its operative aspect of service occurred as Helper at ten places, determining the development and structure of the meta–narrative. According to the Greimasian Actantial Model, Israel failed to fulfil its covenant–based mandate to serve God and shine God’s light of mercy to the nations. Jesus, Israel’s new Helper, becomes the Subject and by his covenant–based ministry, characterised as the greatest service, resolves the problem that prevents Israel from carrying out its divine mandate and sets the stage for its fulfilment. In Jesus Israel is given new leaders, an ethical platform of discipleship and the Holy Spirit. The apostle Paul as the epitomised and exemplary witness and servant of Jesus fulfils what Israel could not. He is vindicated in righteousness and shares in the Isaianic ministry of Jesus, to bear witness to leaders and to shine God’s light to the nations. Paul is unhindered in this ministry. Additionally, in thematic–critical terms, the key placement of the covenant concept in its operative aspect of service at plot–defining junctures features its catalytic dynamic as a “template” concept advancing the re–conceptualising of themes and providing a platform for meaningful relation. The evidence thus suggests that the covenant concept in its operative aspect structures the conjoined narratives of Luke and Acts. It also provides a basis for relation between the divine and humans in the context of the history of God’s salvation, linking history and theology, and makes possible a discernible means to thematic interrelation. / Thesis (Ph.D. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Previous studies have established that for some people a typical day at work starts with immense feelings of distress, anxiety and irritability caused by workplace bullying. Not only does bullying behaviour in the workplace have a negative impact on a person’s professional life, but it is also detrimental to the effectiveness of the organisation. A survey focussing on the perceived exposure to bullying and victimisation in the workplace was administered to a sample of 159 employees employed by a mine in Mpumalanga. The results uncovered that more than a quarter of the participants reported that they had experienced workplace bullying. The study also discovered that line managers experienced more negative acts than senior managers. While those who only experience a brief spell of bullying behaviour at work survive their experience relatively unscathed, previous studies have also indicated that others are affected in a significant physical and psychological way. In conclusion this study determined that workplace bullying is an actual occurrence, not only internationally but also in South Africa. Employees and employers can therefore only benefit from understanding this unique workplace phenomenon. This article provides the opportunity for employed people to recognise the nature and prevalence of workplace bullying in order to prevent it from becoming a silent epidemic. Researchers generally accept that bullying is behaviour that is aggressive or negative and carried out repeatedly. Previous research established that bullying can occur in any context where people interact. This article open by synthesising a conceptual framework of negative acts as an interactive form of organisational behaviour from the available literature. Empirical research was done in order to investigate the prevalence of negative acts. The study found that more than a quarter of the participants had experienced bullying at some stage during their career with managers and supervisors predominantly reported as the perpetrators. The study also found that behaviour that tends to isolate individuals was generally reported as the most frequently experienced form of negative acts. By understanding workplace bullying both employers will be able to implement influence strategies aimed at dealing with this workplace phenomenon at levels of protection, intervention and dispute resolution. In conclusion it has been established that workplace bullying is not only a real problem in international workplaces, but also in South Africa. This means that employers not only have to cope with the consequences of employees performing badly but also behaving badly. This article presents an opportunity to understand negative behaviour in the workplace. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

The nature of contemporary state institutions is conditioned by objectives of administration. The operation mechanisms of regulation systems of laws and other legislative acts in Lithuania is inefficient. Lithuania demands some kind of certain reform of regulation systems of laws and other legislative acts for the creation of operation model. The experience and practice of other countries is the best example to be appealed to while improving the operation state of regulation systems of national legal systems of laws and other legislative acts.

Šis darbas skirtas savanoriško atsisakymo pabaigti nusikalstamą veiką institutui, kaip specifinei aplinkybei, šalinančiai baudžiamąją atsakomybę, kuri Lietuvos baudžiamojoje teisėje sulaukusi nepagrįstai mažai dėmesio. Šiame darbe šis institutas išnagrinėtas lyginamuoju aspektu, lyginant jo reglamentavimą, teismų praktiką bei doktriną Lietuvoje ir keliose kitose kontinentinėse užsienio šalyse, bet pagrindinai - Vokietijoje – šalyje, turinčioje labiausiai išvystytą pasaulyje baudžiamosios teisės teismų praktiką bei doktriną. Magistrinio darbo tikslas – atskleisti savanoriško atsisakymo pabaigti nusikalstamą veiką instituto turinį, jo probleminius aspektus Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių baudžiamojoje teisėje ir, kiek leidžia šio darbo apimtis, rasti jų sprendimo būdus. Siekiant šių tikslų, darbe išanalizuotas šio instituto tikslingumas, vieta baudžiamosios teisės sistemoje, reglamentavimo ypatumai atskirose šalyse. Didžiausias dėmesys skirtas savanoriško atsisakymo pabaigti nusikalstamą veiką sąlygoms, jų analizei. Taip pat aptartos tokių baudžiamosios teisės institutų kaip aktyvi atgaila ir nepavykęs savanoriškas atsisakymas pabaigti nusikalstamą veiką sąsajos su savanoriško atsisakymo pabaigti nusikalstamą veiką institutu Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių baudžiamojoje teisėje. Didelis dėmesys darbe skirtas Vokietijos teismų praktikai, išsprendusiai daugelį savanoriško atsisakymo pabaigti nusikalstamą veiką instituto probleminių klausimų. / This work is intended to complete the voluntary withdrawal offense Institute , the specific context in which disposes of criminal responsibility , which is the age of criminal law Lithuania unduly little attention. In this paper, the Institute examined a comparative perspective , comparing its regulations , case law and the doctrine of Lithuania and several other onshore foreign countries , but mainly - in Germany - a country with the most developed in the world of criminal law case law and doctrine. Masters aim - voluntary refusal to disclose complete offense Institute content, the problematic aspects of Lithuanian and foreign criminal law and, within the scope of the work to find solutions. To achieve these goals , this paper analyzed the Institute of expediency , place the criminal justice system , regulatory characteristics of individual countries. Focuses on the voluntary withdrawal complete offense conditions of analysis. It also discussed criminal justice institutions such as the active repentance and voluntary waiver failure to complete the interface to the offense of voluntary withdrawal to complete the offense Institute of Lithuanian and foreign criminal law. Great attention to work for the German judicial practice , resolved many of the voluntary withdrawall to complete the offense Institute of problematic issues.

起源於日本的「修學旅行」，隨著日本在台實施新式教育的政策，進入了台灣社會。以學生為主體的修學旅行，不僅兼具近代遊憩活動的意涵，更富教育功能，成為教室以外拓展學生視野的新興校外活動；同時，修學旅行是還是殖民當局貫徹其同化策略的工具。此時的修學旅行，也反映出近代化旅遊的樣貌，亦即從過去「個人探險」的形式，進入「制度化」的階段：島內、海外修學旅行開始流行，象徵著交通建設走向完備；由與旅行相關的事物越來越多，顯示修學旅行已成為既定行事。而在旅行的過程中，透過讓學生觀賞近代建設，不僅有助於增廣見聞，也是使其從對於近代化的嚮往轉化為對統治者的認同；或是參拜神社，接觸國家神道的核心，感受日本國體萬世一系的天皇體制，台灣學生在被檢視同化教育成效之餘，認知方面也無條件地被強化成為「日本人」。由此可知修學旅行中處處可見政治力量的鑿痕。此外，在修學旅行之中，學生所見到與鄉土相關的景物時，該物件已經被賦予新的意義，也就是被化約在日本歷史系統之下，漸漸失去其主體性。而學生即是在修學旅行的過程裡，體驗殖民與近代化之間曖昧不明的滋味。 / The "educational excursion" which originated in Japan,had entered Taiwan society with the new education policies Japanese carried out in Taiwan. The educational excursion took students as the main part, were not only concurrently the meaning of modern recreational activities,but also were full of educational functions, and became new activities outside the school that could widen students' horizons beyond the classroom; and in the same time, the educational excursion were also the tool for colonial authorities to carry out the strategies for the assimilation. The educational excursion at this time, also reflected the appearance of modern tourism, which entered the stage of "institutionalized" from the past form of "personal adventure": the domestic,overseas educational excursion became popular, which signified the transportation construction were going to be complete; since the travel-related things became more and more,it showed that the educational excursion had become main stream activities. And in the process of travel, through letting students to view the modern buildings,it did not only help to broaden their horizons, but also made their yearning to the modernization transformed to the acceptance to the rulers; or to let them visiting the Yasukuni Shrine, and to access the core of to the national Shinto religion,to experience the system of the eternal Emperor of Japanl, except that Taiwanese students were viewed of the effectiveness of assimilation education . The recognitions of Taiwanese students could be forced to become "Japanese” unconditionally. From this we can see the marks of political power everywhere in the educational excursion. In addition, during the educational excursion, when the students saw the scenes related to the home town,that thing had been given a new meanings,it was converted into the system of Japan history, and gradually losing its subjectivity. And the students in the process of educational excursion were experiencing the taste of ambiguities between colonization and modernization.

Project report (D. Min.)--George W. Truett Theological Seminary, Baylor University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-99).

Zugl.: Freiburg (Breisgau), University, Diss., 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-246).

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002. / A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney, December 2002. Bibliography : leaves 271-298.