Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-193).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Instytut Badań Literackich, 1975. / At head of title: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Literackich. Includes bibliographical references.

The author's Habilitationsschrift (Universität Zürich, 1983). / Includes bibliographical references (p. 313-326) and index.

This Report answers three questions: (a) Why is teaching pragmatic competence important? (b) What are the approaches to teaching pragmatic awareness? Specifically how do instructors teach Spanish requests?, and (c) What role does technology play in pragmatic awareness instruction? The first chapter explains why I chose to write my Report on developing pragmatic awareness through speech act instruction. Chapter two discusses development of pragmatic awareness. Chapter three and four address approaches to teaching pragmatic knowledge and technology’s role in pragmatic instruction. Chapter five proposes a lesson for an intermediate university Spanish class grounded on speech act theory. Materials and a rubric for classroom use accompany the lesson (Appendices A-C). The chapter concludes with a discussion of pedagogical challenges as well as pedagogical recommendations for teachers. Chapter six concludes the Report by answering my guiding questions succinctly, summarizing the pedagogical lesson proposed, and explaining the reasons why I think the lesson is a useful resource for teachers. / text

The purpose of the book of Acts is still not well understood. Various interpretations have been offered in order to make sense of the narrative and its author's intention. What is the point of Luke's second book in portraying the evangelization of the Roman Empire as a rabid confrontation between Jewish followers of Jesus and other Jewish people? This matter calls for an examination of the relationship between the mother religion and the Jesus movement as it expands into a universal religion. Luke portrays the Jesus movement as the focus of divine favor, in contradistinction to the Jewish nation which is presented as opposing the plan of God. Christians respond to persecution by declaring the opponents guilty of opposition to the very work of the Holy Spirit. This portrait of a troubled relationship has led to many confusing or misguided interpretations of the text. What are the implications of the apparent break of continuity between the Jesus movement and the Jewish people? Does the book of Acts give to Israel a place in the divine plan, or is this work an anti-Semitic polemic? This question is so complex that three schools of thought have arisen to attempt to reconcile the conflicting themes. These scholars recognize the friction between Christians and Jews, but debate the significance of the missing explicit repudiation of Israel. Two of these schools view God as continuing to work through the people of Israel, while the third proposes that God has repudiated Israel as the elect nation, replacing her with the Christian Church. This thesis proposes that there has been inadequate attention to the possibility that the narrative is imbedded with neglected Jewish themes, like Pentecost and the gift of Languages (Tongues). Several texts in the Hebrew Scriptures provide indications that Languages have specific implications to the Covenant with Israel, and her place in the plan of God. A deeper study of a first century understanding of these themes will produce substantial, new light on all of these questions.

published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics

Del folletin al reality: una aproximacion teorica a modelos de lectura y consumo sobre la ficcion y la realidad (From the Serialized Story to the Reality Show: a Theoretical Approach to Models of Reading about Fiction and Reality) discusses and combines three hypotheses. In the introduction, this research intends to expand Reader Response theories proposing that the reading experience occurs in a concrete frame of time and space. This has been called the 'spatial condition of reading acts.' The premise is that literary artifacts manipulate the reader, not only by their content, but also through their form.Chapter I examines how reality and fiction are both constructed as cultural discourses, and reviews how fictitious texts negate their invented nature. Simultaneously, it evaluates the formal structure of an audiovisual narrative, and identify another level of manipulation over a spectator, in this case, through film montage. Chapter II studies a third facet of literary domination exerted by popular culture artifacts; this is the production and distribution of the serialized novel. Additionally, its presents the second hypothesis of this research: the consumption of fiction works as a synecdoche regarding the consumption of exchange goods in a consumerist society.Chapter III, then are the previous chapter is more focused on content. It reviews a necessity of fiction in contemporary society to explain daily life experiences, motivating a cultural sense that reality pretends to imitate fantasy. Therefore serialized stories become models for interpreting real life. Finally, Chapter IV states the third hypothesis of this investigation: serialized stories and reality shows share a similar structure of distribution and content to present its message. Consequently, the tenuous boundary between reality and fiction becomes a becomes an experience manipulated by mass media which turns out, turning out serialized stories as valid referent for a hyper-media and hyper-consumer society.In sum, this dissertation examines Hispanic culture from the most abstract of the literary phenomena, to the consumption of hyper-real symbols of contemporary culture. The theoretical and practical contribution of this perspective is to extend literary, to media studies; reviewing economical and popular phenomena from discourse perspectives.

Socialinė reklama – tai nemokama arba iš dalies apmokama, sukrečianti arba humoristinio pobūdžio komunikacijos forma, kuria stengiamasi pakeisti visuomenės požiūrį ar elgesį pozityvesne linkme, tiesiogiai nesiekiant pelno. Atlikta apklausa Socialinės reklamos poveikis visuomenei parodė, kad dauguma apklaustųjų žino, kas yra socialinė reklama. Ši reklamos rūšis padeda spręsti socialines problemas, o paveikiausia ji rodoma per televiziją. Lietuvoje vis dar trūksta kokybiškai sukurtų socialinių reklamų. Dažniausiai socialinės reklamos kuriamos direktyvais, kiek rečiau reprezentatyvais. Komisyvų rasta tik „Sveikatos apsaugos“ grupėje. Esama ir mišraus tipo reklamų. Socialinėse reklamose dažniausiai raginama liepiamosios nuosakos antruoju asmeniu. Taip pat nevengiama retorinių klausimų. Išskirtas gąsdinimo mikroaktas. Šis aktas pasireiškia ne tik žodinėje, bet ir vaizdinėje informacijoje. Šiurpūs vaizdai tampa išskirtiniu socialinės reklamos elementu. Socialinė reklama kuriama pagal tris kompozicijos modelius: klasikinį / uždarąjį; nepilną klasikinį / atvirąjį ir vieno dėmens. Būdingas atvirasis kompozicijos tipas. Vyrauja publicistinis funkcinis stilius, bet esama reklamų, kai susipina keli stiliai, daugiausiai publicistinis ir šnekamasis. Siekiant įtaigumo, naudojami įvairūs kalbos aktualizacijos būdai. Dažnesnė sintaksės aktualizacija. Daugiausiai retorinių sušukimų, elipsės, retorinių klausimų. Aktualizuojant leksiką, naudojamasi epitetais, nevengiama ironijos. Ypatingas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Social advertising – is a form of communication, which is of shocking or comic nature. It tries to change the attitude or behaviour of society towards a more positive direction, not using direct account. It may be free, paid or partially paid. Questioning Social advertising effect of community revealed that most respondents know social advertising and it helps to solve social problems. This advertisement has the biggest influence on TV. In Lithuania social advertising still are not high quality. Social advertising mostly created by directives. Not so many advertisements created by constatives. Commissives used only in Health service group. Generally, social advertising used second person imperatives. Also used rhetoric questions. Commination act was taken a part. This speech act used not only in the text also in visual information. Horrific views become exceptional element of social advertising. Social advertising is created according to three composition models: classical / closed; not fully classical / open and having one element. Open composition type is characteristic. Publicist functional style is prevailing, though the most of advertisements are created using some styles – publicistic and spoken for the most part. In order to avoid conventionality, seeking for suggestibility, more effect, different ways of actualization are used. Syntax actualization is more frequent. There are rhetoric exclamations, ellipsis, rhetoric questions. Actualizing lexis, epithets are used... [to full text]

"I tell you, among those born of women none is greater than John" (Luke 7:28). Thus the author of Luke-Acts expresses his basic assessment of John the Baptist. The present study aims to understand the role of John the Baptist as he is portrayed in Luke-Acts through a reading that combines social description and narrative-theological analysis in order to gain hermeneutical access to the subject of our investigation. This study seeks to achieve this aim in two ways. In the first instance there is an attempt (through recourse to a combination of the stated critical methodologies) to provide a reading of Luke-Acts that interfaces social description and narrative-theological analysis in order to make possible a rhetorical engagement with the text in a way that provides hermeneutical access to John the Baptist as he is portrayed in Luke-Acts. In his portrayal of John the Baptist as a prophet and witness who plays a unique role in the history of salvation, the author of Luke-Acts weaves a spell over his readers that draws them into his narrative world and into his particular theological perspective. In the second instance, this study also aims to show how Luke-Acts preserves a unique dynamic of John the Baptist which has rather been buried in the other Gospel traditions. Through this dynamic, Luke seeks to transmit his own ideal of the authentic prophet and witness in such a way that his audience may be moved to emulate John's example with conviction and imagination both in living out their Christian ideal as well as in proclaiming the good news. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

Sveriges riksdag har beslutat att energianvändningen i bebyggelsen måste minskas. Detta gäller även den befintliga bebyggelsen till vilken den kulturhistoriskt värdefulla bebyggelsen hör. Vid energieffektivisering av kulturhistoriskt värdefull bebyggelse upplever ofta förvaltare att processen att välja energieffektiviserande åtgärd tar för lång tid. Detta beror på att det saknas ett rationellt sätt att jämföra olika åtgärders konsekvenser. Antikvarier har ofta en motsatt uppfattning och upplever att förvaltare många gånger ser mer till åtgärdens besparingspotential istället för dess påverkan på de kulturhistoriska värdena.  Syftet med examensarbetet är att göra jämförelsen av energieffektiviserande åtgärder i kulturhistoriskt värdefull bebyggelse mer överskådlig för förvaltare. Genom litteraturstudier, dokumentanalyser, intervjuer och fallstudie besvarades följande frågeställningar: - Vilka kulturhistoriska faktorer bör beaktas vid energieffektivisering i kultur­historiskt värdefull bebyggelse? - Hur kan energibesparande åtgärder utvärderas i en modell där hänsyn tas till energibesparingspotential och de kulturhistoriska faktorer som framkommit i första frågeställningen? - Hur används modellen från andra frågeställningen vid jämförelse av möjliga åtgärder i en befintlig byggnad? Kulturhistoriska faktorer identifierades och utgjorde grunden till den modell som sedan togs fram. Till respektive faktor kopplades kriterier med olika poängnivåer för utvärdering. En matris togs fram för att åskådliggöra utvärderingens resultat. För att visa på modellens funktion genomfördes en fallstudie där modellen användes på en befintlig byggnad. För att möjliggöra utvärdering av valda åtgärder genomfördes både observationer och beräkningar. Fallstudien genomfördes på Länsresidenset i Jönköping.  Resultatet av studien visar att reversibilitet, långsiktighet, påverkan på synintryck och upplevelse och påverkan på kulturhistoriskt värdefulla byggnadsdelar och detaljer är viktiga kultur­­­­­historiska faktorer att beakta vid energieffektivisering i kulturhistoriskt värdefull bebyggelse. Kriterier för utvärdering bör formuleras noggrant och generellt för att passa in på varje typ av åtgärd samt för att undvika subjektiv bedömning. För att erhålla en överskådlig jämförelse bör färger användas vid gradering. Dessutom bör viktning användas för att kunna anpassa prioriterings­graden av varje enskild faktor i en specifik byggnad. Efter utvärdering av åtgärder i en specifik byggnad bör specialister inom olika områden konsulteras för slutligt val av åtgärd. / The Swedish Parliament has decided that the energy consumption in buildings must be reduced. This also applies to existing buildings to which the historically valuable buildings belong. When improving energy efficiency in historically valuable buildings managers often experience that the process of choosing acts takes too long time because there is no rational way to compare different consequences of the acts. Antiquarians on the other hand, often have a different opinion and experiencing that managers often look more to the potential of savings rather than the impact on the cultural value. The aim of the essay was to make the comparison of energy efficiency acts in the historically valuable buildings more transparent for managers. Through literature study, document analysis, interviews and case study the following questions has been answered: - What cultural-historical factors should be taken into account at improving energy efficiency in the historically valuable buildings? - How can energy-saving acts be evaluated in a model which takes into account the potential of energy saving and the cultural factors identified in question 1? - How should the model from question 2 be used for comparisons of possible actions in an existing building? Cultural-historical factors were identified and formed the basis for the model that was developed. For each factor criteria was connected with different point levels for evaluation. A matrix was developed to visualize the result. To demonstrate the function of the model a case study was carried out where the model was used in an existing building. To enable evaluation of selected acts both observations and calculations were performed. The case study was performed at Länsresidenset in Jönköping. The results of the study shows that Reversibility, Long-sightedness, Impact on visual impressions and experience, Impact on historically valuable parts and details, and Other is important cultural factors to consider when improving energy efficiency in historically valuable buildings. Criteria for evaluation should be formulated carefully and generally to fit each type of action and to avoid subjective assessment. To obtain a perspicuous comparison colors should be used for grading. Furthermore, weighting should be used to adjust the priority level of each individual factor in a specific building. After evaluation of actions in a specific building has been done specialists in various fields should be consulted for final selection of acts.