A 3 'x2' subsonic wind tunnel has been constructed and calibrated. The flow in the wind tunnel accelerates 6.1 % along the test section due to boundary layer growth. The potential core flow at both the entrance and exit locations is strongly uniform. The mean velocity varies .4% across the entrance and exit planes. The turbulence level at the entrance and exit locations is approximately .2%. The tunnel was used to study a trailing vortex during its development at the wingtip and at 10 chordlengths downstream. The vortex was found to be well developed by 10 chordlengths. Helium bubble flow visualization was used to study the development of the vortex in the near-tip regions. Hot-wire anemometry was used to study the vortex at 10 chordlengths. Two vortices were found in the tip-flow studies, a primary vortex core formed on the suction side surface of the wingtip and a weaker secondary vortex formed on the endcap. The primary vortex core lifts from the surface of the wingtip as it proceeds along the chord. The vertical displacement is a strong function of angle of attack. The primary vortex is displaced from the endcap towards the wing root at the trailing edge. The spanwise displacement is a strong function of chord Reynolds number. The primary and secondary vortices co-rotate after leaving the wing, and the primary vortex core follows a steady helical path. The radius of the helical path quickly diminishes with downstream distance. / Master of Science

This study explored the relationship between religiosity, hope, and subjective well-being among a group of 430 participants (28.8% male, 88.4% black, 8.4% white) residing in the Gauteng Province South Africa. The sample consisted of students (n = 210) as well as family members of these students (n = 220). A cross-sectional quantitative survey design was used. Data was gathered using the Adult Trait-hope Scale, a three item measure of religiosity, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Descriptive statistics were computed in SPSS 22. Following this, correlations between all latent variables were calculated in Mplus Version 7.11, where after latent variable modelling was performed. During this process, an initial measurement model was specified, which was examined for goodness of fit, and compared against two competing measurement models. The best fitting model was then subjected to a process of model development, and subsequently re-specified as a structural model. The fit of this model was again assessed and compared to two competing structural models. Finally, indirect effects between religiosity, hope, and subjective well-being (comprised of positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) were investigated. The results revealed that religiosity was a significant predictor of both agency and pathway hope, and that the strength of this relationship was moderate in the case of agency hope, and weak in the case of pathway hope. In turn, agency hope predicted higher levels of life satisfaction and positive affect, and lowered levels of negative affect. However, with the exception of positive affect (with which it was positively associated), pathway hope was not related to any of the subjective well-being variables, suggesting that it is less significantly associated with subjective well-being than agency hope. The results of the mediation analysis revealed that agency hope acted as a significant mediator of the relationship between religiosity and life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Pathway hope mediated the relationship between religiosity and positive affect. These results suggest that the elevated levels of subjective well-being often found in relation to religiosity can at least in part be attributed to the fact that religion is associated with elevated levels of hope. The mini-dissertation is concluded with a chapter that outlines the conclusions and limitations related to the study, and on this basis, several recommendations were proposed for future research and practical application of the findings. / MA (Positive Psychology), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

This study explored the relationship between religiosity, hope, and subjective well-being among a group of 430 participants (28.8% male, 88.4% black, 8.4% white) residing in the Gauteng Province South Africa. The sample consisted of students (n = 210) as well as family members of these students (n = 220). A cross-sectional quantitative survey design was used. Data was gathered using the Adult Trait-hope Scale, a three item measure of religiosity, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Descriptive statistics were computed in SPSS 22. Following this, correlations between all latent variables were calculated in Mplus Version 7.11, where after latent variable modelling was performed. During this process, an initial measurement model was specified, which was examined for goodness of fit, and compared against two competing measurement models. The best fitting model was then subjected to a process of model development, and subsequently re-specified as a structural model. The fit of this model was again assessed and compared to two competing structural models. Finally, indirect effects between religiosity, hope, and subjective well-being (comprised of positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) were investigated. The results revealed that religiosity was a significant predictor of both agency and pathway hope, and that the strength of this relationship was moderate in the case of agency hope, and weak in the case of pathway hope. In turn, agency hope predicted higher levels of life satisfaction and positive affect, and lowered levels of negative affect. However, with the exception of positive affect (with which it was positively associated), pathway hope was not related to any of the subjective well-being variables, suggesting that it is less significantly associated with subjective well-being than agency hope. The results of the mediation analysis revealed that agency hope acted as a significant mediator of the relationship between religiosity and life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Pathway hope mediated the relationship between religiosity and positive affect. These results suggest that the elevated levels of subjective well-being often found in relation to religiosity can at least in part be attributed to the fact that religion is associated with elevated levels of hope. The mini-dissertation is concluded with a chapter that outlines the conclusions and limitations related to the study, and on this basis, several recommendations were proposed for future research and practical application of the findings. / MA (Positive Psychology), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

While it is known that acute and chronic stress can impact cognition, less is known about the immediate impacts of minor frustrations or positive experiences on subsequent behavior and cognition in primates. This study used a novel methodology to engineer both a positive and (slightly) frustrating experience, using the same apparatus, in 15 adult capuchin monkeys. Subjects were presented with a working memory task (DMTS) for 30 minutes after the experimental manipulations (or a control). As predicted, the frustrating task prior to testing resulted in a decrease in performance on the DMTS compared to performance after a positive experience or the control. Contrary to predictions, a positive experience did not facilitate performance to higher levels than the control condition. Manipulations also impacted several behaviors. Although there may be different results in different contexts, these results indicate that even mild negative experiences impact subsequent behavior and cognition in primates.

La dysorthographie est considérée en psychiatrie comme un trouble spécifique des apprentissages. Les découvertes neuropsychologiques de la place des émotions dans les apprentissages confirment une idée soutenue par l’approche psychopathologique psychanalytique selon laquelle le développement cognitif ne peut être dissocié du développement affectif. Notre recherche a porté sur le silence des affects repéré chez certains enfants présentant ce trouble dans notre pratique clinique, émettant l’hypothèse d’une logique psychosomatique sous-tendant ce symptôme. L’analyse du CAT d’un groupe de vingt enfants et l’analyse de la thérapie d’une enfant de neuf ans ont permis de mettre en évidence une répression majeure des affects, une restriction de l’expression fantasmatique, une prévalence des agirs et des sensations en lien avec un attachement fort au perçu. La présence de ces éléments laisse envisager que dans ces cas, le symptôme dysorthographique peut témoigner de l’action de défenses de type opératoire et ne constitue pas un symptôme psychonévrotique exprimant un conflit symbolique. Au-delà de l’hétérogénéité du fonctionnement psychique de ces enfants, l’existence de telles constantes cliniques nous conduit à établir un parallèle entre le symptôme dysorthographique et un symptôme psychosomatique. Ceci ne le laisse cependant pas dépourvu de sens, que nous avons tenté de rechercher à travers l’analyse des mouvements transféro-contre-transférentiels de la thérapie de Jeanne. Nous avons ainsi été amené à proposer l’hypothèse d’un défaut de subversion libidinale à l’origine d’un maintien dans une écriture purement fonctionnelle et mécanique chez certains patients dysorthographiques. / The spelling disorder is considered in psychiatry as a specific learning disorder. The recent neuropsychological discoveries of the role of emotions in the learning process confirm the idea, supported by the psychopathologic psychoanalytical approach, according to which the cognitive development cannot be separated from the emotional one. Our research concerned the silence of affects which we had already found with children presenting this specific disorder in our clinical practice ; therefore making us utter the hypothesis of a psychosomatic logic underlying the symptom of spelling disorder. The analysis of a projective test, the CAT, for a group of twenty children and the analysis of Jeanne’s therapy, a child presenting this disorder, highlighted a main repression of affects, a limitation of the fantasmatic expression, prevalency of acts and feelings linked to a very strong importance put on perceptions. These aspects lead us to consider that in those cases, the spelling disorder syptom may be the result of operating defenses but is not necessarily a psychonevrotic symptom expressing a symbolic conflict. Beyond the variety of psychic process of these children, the presence of such steady clinical aspects, leads us to establish a link between the spelling disorder symptom and the psychosomatic symptom. We tried to find a reason for it through the analysis of the transfert movements in Jeanne’s therapy. This brought us to utter the hypothesis of a lack of libidinal subversion leading some patients with spelling disorders to remain in a purely functional and mechanical writing.

L’expérience de l’orgasme est au cœur du développement de l’adolescence. L’adolescent construit sa sexualité génitale en appui sur le stade phallique. C’est ce que montre ma pratique auprès de jeunes violents.La violence des adolescents infiltre notre dispositif praticien et il devient alors difficile de penser et donner un statut à l’acte, notamment au sein des institutions.Un point commun aux agirs psychopathologiques est le vécu de dépersonnalisation selon le sens accordé par Winnicott, vécu que l’on retrouve dans la capacité d’orgasme du sujet.Agir et orgasme participent, à l’adolescence, d’un seul et même processus. La difficulté à s’approprier une telle expérience se traduit par un self délocalisé.La violence et l’orgasme interrogent le lien d’emprise à l’objet, sa possible transformation.Se laisser choir dans et avec l’objet est au fondement d’une telle transformation. / The orgasm experience is in the middle of the development of the adolescence. The adolescent build his genital sexuality resting against the phallic stage. It is what show my practice concerning violent young person.Adolescent violence permeates our working practice and the consequence is that it becomes difficult to think coherently about and to categorise such acts – especially when the violence occurs in an institution.A common feature of psychopathological acts is how the subject experiences depersonalisation in the Winnicott sense of the term. One aspect of such experience is the subject’s capacity to experience orgasm. Psychopathological acts and orgasm share one and the same process during adolescence. When the individual is unable to assume responsibility for such experiences, they transfer it to an unembodied version of themselves.Violence and orgasm raise questions about one’s relationship with an object, and its possible transformation.Falling into and associating with the object is the basis of such transformations.

Existing computational theories of collaboration explain some of the important concepts underlying collaboration, e.g., the collaborators' commitments and communication. However, the underlying processes required to dynamically maintain the elements of the collaboration structure are largely unexplained. Our main insight is that in many collaborative situations acknowledging or ignoring a collaborator's affective state can facilitate or impede the progress of the collaboration. This implies that collaborative agents need to employ affect-related processes that (1) use the collaboration structure to evaluate the status of the collaboration, and (2) influence the collaboration structure when required. This thesis develops a new affect-driven computational framework to achieve these objectives and thus empower agents to be better collaborators. Contributions of this thesis are: (1) Affective Motivational Collaboration (AMC) theory, which incorporates appraisal processes into SharedPlans theory. (2) New computational appraisal algorithms based on collaboration structure. (3) Algorithms such as goal management, that use the output of appraisal to maintain collaboration structures. (4) Implementation of a computational system based on AMC theory. (5) Evaluation of AMC theory via two user studies to a) validate our appraisal algorithms, and b) investigate the overall functionality of our framework within an end-to-end system with a human and a robot.

Ce travail met en regard les recueils emblématiques de Henry Hawkins (The Devout Hart, 1633), Christopher Harvey (The School of the Heart, 1647) et John Hall (Emblems with Elegant Figures, 1648). Il confronte ainsi des auteurs de confessions différentes dans l’Angleterre de Charles Ier, où la question religieuse continue d’alimenter des conflits et des tensions. Pourtant, ces emblémistes s’intéressent à un motif commun, celui du cœur, envisagé comme une métonymie de l’homme dans son rapport à la transcendance. En replaçant ce discours cordial dans le contexte historique, culturel et idéologique dans lequel il émerge, notre travail tente de montrer les convergences d’auteurs aux intérêts a priori discordants. Surtout, il s’intéresse à la façon dont textes et gravures dialoguent dans ces recueils pour articuler un discours affectif puissant, capable d’emporter l’empathie et l’adhésion du lecteur/spectateur. Le livre d’emblèmes devient ainsi le support d’un exercice méditatif à travers lequel le dévot peut espérer retrouver le chemin de son âme et, peut-être, la ramener à Dieu. / This thesis brings together three emblem books : Henry Hawkins’ The Devout Hart (1633), Christopher Harvey’s The School of the Heart (1647) and John Hall’s Emblems with Elegant Figures (1648). By doing so, it confronts three writers who display denominational differences in King Charles I’s England, where the issue of religion still fuels intense debates and conflicts. Yet those emblematists share an interest in the motif of the heart, which they use as a metonymy for man in his relationship to transcendence. By replacing the discourse of the heart in the historical, cultural and ideological context in which it has emerged, this thesis attempts to show how three authors with presumably conflicting views end up converging. Moreover, it shows how engravings and texts interact to articulate a powerful affective discourse, which can engage both the reader/spectator’s sympathy and adherence. The emblem book thus works as the support of a meditative exercise through which the devout can hope to find again the way to his soul and bring it back to God.

Cette thèse présente une réflexion sur quatre formes passives anglaises et françaises : les passifs canoniques en BE Ven et ETRE Vé et leurs concurrents respectifs en GET Ven et SE FAIRE Ver. Dans une perspective constructionnelle, ce travail consiste en un nouvel examen de leurs propriétés sémantiques et fonctionnelles. A partir de l’étude d’un corpus de 1235 énoncés en BE Ven, ETRE Vé, GET Ven et SE FAIRE Ver extraits d’articles scientifiques, d’articles de presse et de sites Internet [blogs, forums, etc.], on a pu montrer que ces quatre formes possèdent un sens qui n’est pas entièrement prévisible à partir de leurs éléments [grammaticaux et lexicaux] constitutifs et sont conventionnellement attachées à des fonctions pragmatico-discursives spécifiques. Par conséquent, elles ne sont pas de simples agencements syntaxiques mais des « constructions », au sens où les Grammaires de Construction l’entendent, c’est-à-dire des appariements conventionnels entre une forme, un sens et des fonctions. D’autre part, l’analyse a révélé que GET Ven et SE FAIRE Ver expriment un sens différent de celui de BE Ven et ETRE Vé, qui est lié à des fonctions différentes dans les domaines de l’organisation de l’information et de la relation interpersonnelle établie en discours et explique leur affinité avec des types de discours interactionnels et expressifs, par opposition aux discours factuels impersonnels associés aux passifs canoniques. Enfin, on a montré que les deux constructions passives françaises étaient soumises à des contraintes syntaxiques et sémantiques plus strictes que les constructions homologues anglaises. / This dissertation explores four English and French passive constructions : the canonical passives in BE Ven and ETRE Vé, and their alternatives, respectively, in GET Ven and SE FAIRE Ver. From a constructional perspective, this study investigates their semantic and functional-pragmatic properties. Based on the examination of a corpus of 1235 occurrences of BE Ven, ETRE Vé, GET Ven and SE FAIRE Ver taken from scientific articles, news reports and websites [blogs, forums, etc.], it shows that the four syntactic structures are associated with a meaning which is not entirely predictable from their [grammatical and lexical] constituents, as well as specific discourse-pragmatic functions. Consequently, they qualify as « constructions », in the constructional sense of the term, that is, conventional form-meaning-function pairings. GET Ven and SE FAIRE Ver have been shown to express a different meaning than BE Ven and ETRE Vé which motivates different discourse pragmatic functions and accounts for why they are found in different discourse types, namely interactional and expressive registers, as opposed to factual and impersonal ones for the canonical passives. Finally, both French constructions are shown to be tied to more rigid syntactic and semantic constraints than their English counterparts.

A partir d’une intervention auprès de médecins du travail, cette thèse explore les conditions de développement des sentiments au travail. Elle stabilise une conceptualisation de l’affectivité distinguant affect, émotion et sentiment qui pose des rapports entre l’affect lié aux conflits de l’activité (conflits liés à la conception de l’activité comme triade vivante sujet/objet/autrui et conflits liés aux rapports entre le déjà vécu et le vivant) et les sentiments et émotions qui en sont les instruments de réalisation. Le sentiment est défini comme l’instrument de réalisation de l’affect détaché de l’événement affectif et relié à l’activité de pensée. Une analyse multimodale de nos matériaux s’attache à repérer des indices de l’affect dans trois modalités étudiées (regard, voix, mot) et des indices de développement de la pensée (développement des significations des mots et des objets de discours). Nous concluons que l’intervention en clinique de l’activité par l’exposition de l’activité qu’elle autorise et la production de débats sur les critères du travail bien fait qu’elle organise peut provoquer des affects et contribuer au développement du sentiment du travail bien fait. / Based on an intervention with occupational health physicians, this thesis explores the developmental conditions of sentiments at work. The thesis seek to stabilize a conceptualisation of affectivity distinguishing affect, emotion and sentiment, and lays the relationships between affect, which is related to conflicts of activity (conflicts related to activity as a living triad subject/object/others and conflicts related to relationships between the « already lived » and the « living »), and sentiments and emotions, which constitute its instruments of realization. Sentiment is defined as instrument of affect realization, detached of affective event, and related to thinking activity.Multimodal analysis of research materials allows the identification of affect indices, based on three studied modalities (gaze, voice, word), and development of thinking indices (development of signification of word, and discourse objects).We conclude that intervention in clinic of activity, by exposing activity and producing disputations on quality of work criteria, can cause affects and contributes to develop the sentiment of « well-done-work ».