A kaolinite-nylon 6 composite was prepared by a polycondensation reaction from 6-aminohexanoic acid (AHA) intercalated in the kaolinite interlayer space. The basal spacing of kaolinite-AHA was 1.47 nm and the basal spacing of the heated products decreased to 1.16 nm. The signals attributed to nylon 6 were detected in the 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of the heated products. Formation of nylon 6 in kaolinite was confirmed by appearance of IR band due to amide I and amide II. Sarcosine was intercalated in kaolinite for the first time by guest displacement with methanol from the kaolinite-methanol precursor. The basal spacing of kaolinite-sarcosine was 1.27 nm. This intercalation compound was characterized by NMR, TGA, XRD, and IR. The physical and chemical properties of natural clay sample from Mirandela formation (Portugal) were determined in terms of external skin treatment. The low CEC 4,45meq/100g is consistent with high content of kaolinite in the sample

A kaolinite-nylon 6 composite was prepared by a polycondensation reaction from 6-aminohexanoic acid (AHA) intercalated in the kaolinite interlayer space. The basal spacing of kaolinite-AHA was 1.47 nm and the basal spacing of the heated products decreased to 1.16 nm. The signals attributed to nylon 6 were detected in the 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of the heated products. Formation of nylon 6 in kaolinite was confirmed by appearance of IR band due to amide I and amide II. Sarcosine was intercalated in kaolinite for the first time by guest displacement with methanol from the kaolinite-methanol precursor. The basal spacing of kaolinite-sarcosine was 1.27 nm. This intercalation compound was characterized by NMR, TGA, XRD, and IR. The physical and chemical properties of natural clay sample from Mirandela formation (Portugal) were determined in terms of external skin treatment. The low CEC 4,45meq/100g is consistent with high content of kaolinite in the sample

No description available.

Über die Gestalt eines optimalen Handgriffs hat sich Wilhelm Emil Fein als Erfinder der handgeführten Bohrmaschinen bereits vor hundert Jahren Gedanken gemacht (Schmid & Maier 2017). Der spanische Architekt Gaudì passte die Fenstergriffe im Casa Battlò in Barcelona Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts der Handform an, die heute als antropomorphe Gegenform in der Forschung bekannt ist und im Griffdesign angestrebt wird (Schmid & Maier 2017). Die anthropomorphe Gegenform stellt das Pendant zu körpereigenen Formen dar und ermöglicht somit eine Maximierung der Kontaktfläche bei einer Minimierung der Flächenpressung. Die Vorteile hierbei sind eine gute Kraftübertragung bei geringer Druckstellenbildung. Bei einem nicht adaptiven Griff würde dessen Form verschiedene Hände in verschiedenen Nutzungsszenarien in ungewünschte Zwangshaltungen bringen, weswegen eine optimale Form nur durch einen adaptiven Griff sichergestellt werden kann. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Topographie von Händen ermöglicht ein individueller Griff die beste Kraftübertragung und einen idealen Komfort. Dementsprechend ist das Optimum ein kontinuierlich adaptiver Griff, den es bisher nicht auf dem Markt gibt (s. Stand der Forschung). Aufbauend auf einem beantragten Patent wird ein Demonstrator eines solchen Griffs entworfen. Dabei wird in der Einleitung auf die Problemstellung der Griffgrößen eingegangen, sowie der gewählte Anwendungsfall hergeleitet. Im Anschluss wird der Stand der Forschung erarbeitet. Darauffolgend wird auf die methodische Vorgehensweise sowie auf die konstruierten Prototypen eingegangen. Eine Diskussion und Ausblick runden den Beitrag ab. [... aus der Einleitung]

This Paper analyzes the factors influencing the labor force participation of low-income adults on public housing assistance. A quasi-experiment is designed to fulfill the purpose of measuring the magnitudes of certain attributes of given individuals, e.g. the age in influencing employment status while controlling other factors such as other personal attributes and living environments. A number of logistic regressions are performed to assist the empirical analysis. Two final models are presented while statistical results are diagnosed to ensure the reliability of findings. Based on the unique data provided by AHA (the Atlanta Housing Authority), over 70 variables are analyzed to determine their significance on influencing individuals¡¯ future employment status. Finally, we find five the most significant predictors to be the individual¡¯s current employment status, age, and income, whether one resides in a mixed-income community in comparison to living in a housing project, and whether one uses housing vouchers in comparison to living in a housing project. The individual¡¯s immediate living environment is found to play an extremely important role in shaping his/her future employment status. The results demonstrate that living in the mixed-income community as opposed to living in conventional public housing projects can boost one¡¯s odds of being employed in the future by 170% while using housing vouchers as opposed to living in traditional public housing can increase one¡¯s odds of being employed by 90%. Both statistics are significant even at the 0.001 level. Hence, our findings strongly support the view that environment matters and distressed public housing projects should be revitalized, which has been a controversial topic over years. This study introduces an innovative index system-that consists of the Family Development Index (FDI), the Neighborhood Development Index (NDI), and the Quality of Life Index (QLI)-developed by Dr. Boston to show the development of low-income adults¡¯ socio-economic status and living environments induced by the revitalization of public housing projects in Atlanta over the period of 1995-2001. Based on this innovative index system, this paper tentatively proposes a reasonable approach to separate the self-selective effect from the environmental effect in influencing the labor force participation, which has long been reckoned as a complex task in social science research. We create the Self-distinguishing Index (SDI) based on a similar mechanism by which Dr. Boston created the FDI and NDI and combine it with the FDI to generate the Self-selective Index (SSI). We also modify the NDI to serve our purpose of measuring the environmental changes at the personal level. By this method, we successfully detach the self-selective effect from the environmental effect in determining the individual¡¯s future employment status. Those two effects are found to be significant at the 0.001 level and the 0.01 level respectively. A side-finding that individuals belonging to the treatment group have significantly better odds of being employed in the future is shown as well.

The IceCube neutrino observatory is located in the deep glacial ice below the South Pole. IceCube consists of over 5, 000 photomultiplier tubes regularly spaced throughout a cubic kilometre volume of ice. The photomultiplier tubes are receptive to the light produced by high energy neutrino interactions. As a means of evaluating our understanding of the physics of light propagation, a comparison was made between the data taken from artificial light sources and Monte Carlo simulations of these events. The evaluation was done by comparing the shape of the light arrival-time distributions. The three icemodels compared were the Additionally Heterogeneous Absorption (AHA), South Pole Ice - 1 (Spice) and South Pole Ice - Mie (Spice Mie). The artificial light sources used are LEDs, known as flashers, located within each of the detector modules. The data set used in this study was taken on string 63 with single- photoelectron settings (one LED). Various orientations of the flashing LED and relative position of the light source in the detector, were studied over 15 depths in instrumented ice. Through a χ2 comparison and distribution characteristics it was found that for the majority of cases, simulations which used the Spice Mie ice model matched the data best. There were, however, some isolated cases in which simulations using the Spice 1 or AHA ice models matched the flasher data best.

Gamla träd i kulturmiljöer uppmärksammas alltmer inom naturvården på grund av sina höga naturvärden och är viktiga som värdar för fortlevnaden av hotade och sällsynta växt- och djurarter. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om Sörenssons AHA-metod (framtagen för vedlevande insekter) fungerar också på mossor och lavar, samt att jämföra två kulturmiljöer med gamla träd. Inventeringen utfördes i Kristianstad och omfattade totalt 443 träd; 230 i Tivoliparken och 213 på Östra begravningsplatsen. Träden bedömdes utifrån olika karaktärer: förekomst av håligheter, barklösa partier, grenhål, savflöde samt svamppåväxt. Förekomsten av dessa användes sedan för att dela in träden i fem olika klasser av varierande värde för naturvården. Även kryptogamer inventerades; dels förutbestämda lavar och mossor som signalerar höga naturvärden, dels en enkel bedömning av det totala antalet triviala arter på varje träd. Träden i Tivoliparken hade större spridning mellan AHA-klasserna. Här hamnade 56 träd i de högsta värdeklasserna (klass I och II-träd), 114 i värdeklass III och 60 som resursträd. På Östra begravningsplatsen hamnade hälften av träden i de högsta värdeklasserna och 93 i värdeklass III. De resterade träden klassades som resursträd. Totalt gjordes 89fynd av 6 signalarter på de inventerade träden, samt en vedsvamp. Dessa fynd gjordes både på träd med höga och låga värden enligt AHA-metoden. AHA-klasser med högre naturvärde hade lägre artrikedom för samtliga träd sammanslagna, men inget samband för enbart trädslagen bok och lind. Endast hälften av träden med signalarter fick hög AHA-klassning. Resultatet antyder att AHA-metoden inte fungerar på kryptogamer som den gör för vedlevande insekter. / Old trees in cultural environments are receiving increasing attention in nature conservation due to their high conservation values and provide important habitat for endangered plant and animal species. The purposes of the study were to investigate whether Sörensson's AHA-method is applicable also to mosses and lichens, as well as to compare two environments with old trees. 443 trees were inventoried in Kristianstad, of which 230 in Tivoliparken and 213 in Östra begravningsplatsen. The trees were assessed based on the occurrence of: cavities, barkless areas, and so on. These findings were used to assign each tree to the five AHA classes of varying conservation value. Trees were also searched for predetermined lichens and mosses signalling high conservation value, and a simple count was made of the total number of trivial cryptogam species on each tree. Tivoliparken had a wider scatter of trees among the AHA classes; 56 in the highest value classes (class I and II), 114 in class III, and 60 as resource trees. At Östra begravningsplatsen, half of the oldest trees were in the two highest value classes and 93 in class III. The remaining trees ended up as resource trees. In total, 89 records of 6 signal species were made, and one wood fungus. There was a significant association between AHA class and richness of trivial species when trees of all species were pooled, but no association when beech and linden were assessed separately. These results suggest that the AHA method does not work on cryptogams.

Die Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) vermittelte Signaltransduktion ist für die akute Entzündung von entscheidender Bedeutung, muss aber gleichzeitig streng reguliert werden. Wie setzt das intrazelluläre IL-1β-Signalnetzwerk den extrazellulären Nachweis von IL-1β effizient in eine präzise und angemessene zelluläre Reaktion um? Welche Kontrollmechanismen kommen zum Einsatz, um eine angemessene Antwort zu gewährleisten und eine Hypo- oder Hyperantwort zu verhindern? Diese Arbeit charakterisiert die IL-1β-vermittelte Signalwegdynamik in EL4-Zellen mithilfe der Immunpräzipitations-Massenspektrometrie (IP-MS), konkret von MyD88, IRAK4 und IRAK1. Statistischer Analysen identifizierten das Interaktom dieser Proteine nach 15-, 30- und 60-minütiger IL-1β-Stimulation, sowie Proteine, die potenziell an der Runterregulierung des IL-1β-Signalwegs beteiligt sind. Um zu verstehen, wie das IL-1β-Signalwegnetzwerk die Translationsmaschinerie in EL4 Zellen beeinflusst, um eine angemessene Reaktion zu gewährleisten, untersuchte ich den IL-1β-abhängigen Proteinumsatz mittels gepulste stabile Isotopenmarkierung durch Aminosäuren in der Zellkultur (pSILAC) in Kombination mit Azidohomoalanin (AHA)- Klickchemie und MS nach IL-1β-Stimulation. Das Ergebnis aller Proteomik-Untersuchungen war die Identifizierung des TNFα-induzierten Proteins 3 (Tnfaip3) interagierendes Protein 1 (TNIP1) als potenziellen Kandidaten für die Herunterregulierung des IL-1β-Signalwegs. Nach IL-1β-Stimulation kolokalisiert TNIP1 mit allen Myddosomen-Proteinen sowie mit der Deubiquitinase Tnfaip3. Mittels CRISPR/Cas9 erzeugte ich eine TNIP1-KO-EL4 Zelllinie. Nach IL-1β Stimulation zeigten TNIP1-KO-Zellen vermehrt phosphoryliertes p65, aber verringertes phosphoryliertes JNK sowie eine langfristig verringerte IL-2-Sekretion. Daher ist TNIP1 nicht nur an der Herunterregulierung des NF-κB-Signalwegs beteiligt, sondern aktiviert auch den MAPK-Signalweg. / Interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-mediated signal transduction is crucial for acute inflammation, but at the same time needs tight regulation. The IL-1β-mediated signal transduction is encoded by the spatial and temporal dynamics of downstream signaling networks. How does the intracellular IL-1β signaling network efficiently convert the extracellular detection of IL-1β into a precise and proportionate cellular response? What control mechanisms apply in order to ensure a proportionate response and pre- vent a hypo- or hyper response? This study characterizes the IL-1β mediated signaling dynamics using immunoprecipitation purification mass spectrometry (IP-MS). specifically, of MyD88, IRAK4, and IRAK1. Statistical analyses identified the interactome of these proteins after 15-, 30-, and 60-minute of IL-1β stimulation, as well as proteins potentially involved in IL-1β signaling downregulation using pathway annotation analysis. Further, in order to understand how the IL-1β signaling network affects the translational machinery in EL4 cells to ensure a proportionate response, , I investigated IL-1β-dependent protein turnover in EL4 cells. Specifically, I applied pulsed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in the culture (pSILAC) combined with azidohomoalanine (AHA)-click chemistry and MS after 30-, 60-, 120- and 240-min of IL-1β stimulation. The result of these proteomics approaches was the identification of TNFα induced protein 3 (Tnfaip3) interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) as a potential candidate in IL-1β signal downregulation. TNIP1 co-localizes with all myddosome proteins and the deubiquitinase Tnfaip3 after IL-1β stimulation. I generated a TNIP1 KO EL4 cell line using CRISPR/Cas9. After IL-1β stimulation, TNIP1 KO cells show increased levels of phosphorylated p65, but decreased levels of phosphorylated JNK as well as decreased levels of long-term IL-2 secretion. Therefore, TNIP1 is not only involved in downregulatory NF-κB signaling but activates MAPK pathway.

Orientador: Marcos Ferreira Minicucci / Resumo: Introdução: Os escores de risco cardiovascular foram desenvolvidos, em sua maioria, em população aparentemente sem doença cardiovascular (DCV), portanto as suas conclusões dizem respeito à prevenção primária, não se aplicando a pacientes com doença coronariana diagnosticada. Além disso, os escores prognósticos utilizados após síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCAs) avaliaram a mortalidade apenas a curto prazo. Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a performance do escore de risco de Framingham (ERF) e do escore proposto pela American College of Cardiology e da American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) em predizer a mortalidade em pacientes dez anos após SCA. Casuística e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo que incluiu pacientes com idade ≥ 18 anos, com SCA, que estiveram internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Coronariana (UTI) do Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu – UNESP, no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006, e que apresentavam os exames para o cálculo dos escores de risco cardiovascular. Foram excluídos os pacientes cujo desfecho final em dez anos não foi obtido ou aqueles não aceitaram participar do estudo. Os ERF e o ER ACC/AHA foram calculados e a mortalidade avaliada dez anos após a SCA. Resultados: Foram avaliados 451 pacientes com SCA internados na UTI coronariana. Destes 122 foram excluídos pois a mortalidade 10 anos após a internação na UTI não foi obtida. Logo, 329 pacientes com idade média de 62,913,0 anos foram estudados. D... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Submitted by Amanda Aparecida Petek (petekamanda@gmail.com) on 2017-11-01T17:57:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado 21-10.pdf: 1495107 bytes, checksum: e9fab521545ef419b708e67b29aacc68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-11-13T16:01:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 petek_aa_dr_bot.pdf: 1495107 bytes, checksum: e9fab521545ef419b708e67b29aacc68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-13T16:01:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 petek_aa_dr_bot.pdf: 1495107 bytes, checksum: e9fab521545ef419b708e67b29aacc68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-21 / Introdução: Os escores de risco cardiovascular foram desenvolvidos, em sua maioria, em população aparentemente sem doença cardiovascular (DCV), portanto as suas conclusões dizem respeito à prevenção primária, não se aplicando a pacientes com doença coronariana diagnosticada. Além disso, os escores prognósticos utilizados após síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCAs) avaliaram a mortalidade apenas a curto prazo. Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a performance do escore de risco de Framingham (ERF) e do escore proposto pela American College of Cardiology e da American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) em predizer a mortalidade em pacientes dez anos após SCA. Casuística e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo que incluiu pacientes com idade ≥ 18 anos, com SCA, que estiveram internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Coronariana (UTI) do Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu – UNESP, no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006, e que apresentavam os exames para o cálculo dos escores de risco cardiovascular. Foram excluídos os pacientes cujo desfecho final em dez anos não foi obtido ou aqueles não aceitaram participar do estudo. Os ERF e o ER ACC/AHA foram calculados e a mortalidade avaliada dez anos após a SCA. Resultados: Foram avaliados 451 pacientes com SCA internados na UTI coronariana. Destes 122 foram excluídos pois a mortalidade 10 anos após a internação na UTI não foi obtida. Logo, 329 pacientes com idade média de 62,913,0 anos foram estudados. Dentre esses pacientes, 58,4% eram homens e 44,4% morreram no período de 10 anos após a internação. Destes 63% apresentaram SCA sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST enquanto 37% apresentaram IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. Quando comparamos esses dois grupos de SCA, a mortalidade foi semelhante (p=0,97). A mediana do ERF foi de 16 (14-18) %, e do ER ACC/AHA foi 18,5 (9,1-31,6). Os pacientes que evoluíram ao óbito eram mais velhos, e apresentavam maiores valores de creatinina, ureia e potássio, e menores valores de colesterol total na admissão da UTI. Além disso, é interessante observarmos que os pacientes que evoluíram ao óbito apresentaram maiores valores dos escores. No entanto, quando classificamos os pacientes em alto risco cardiovascular, apenas o ER ACC/AHA foi associado com a mortalidade. A área sob a curva (AUC) da associação do ERF com a mortalidade em 10 anos é 0,6307, com IC95%: 0,5708-0,6905, e valor de p <0,001. O ponto de corte do ERF associado com maior mortalidade é > 14,3% com sensibilidade de 74,66%, especificidade de 42,62 %, valor preditivo positivo de 50,93 % e o valor preditivo negativo de 67,83 %. Em relação ao ER ACC/AHA a AUC é 0,7015, com IC95% 0,6455-0,7576 e valor de p <0,001. O ponto de corte do escore que está associado com maior mortalidade é > 23,56%, com sensibilidade de 50,00%, especificidade de 71,04%, valor preditivo positivo de 57,94% e valor preditivo negativo de 64,04%. Na análise de regressão logística tanto o ERF (OR: 1,127; IC95%: 1,056-1,204; p<0,001) quanto o ER ACC/AHA (OR: 1,043; IC95%: 1,025-1,060; p<0,001) foram associados com a mortalidade em 10 anos em pacientes com SCA, após serem ajustados pela creatinina e potássio. Conclusão: Apesar de não apresentarem boa performance, tanto o ERF quanto o ER ACC/AHA foram associados com a mortalidade em 10 anos. No entanto, o ER ACC/AHA apresentou maior AUC e apenas os pacientes classificados com alto risco por esse escore estiveram associados com a mortalidade em 10 anos. Além disso, quando comparados os pontos de corte desses escores para nossa população, que já apresentou evento coronariano, o ERF apresentou melhor sensibilidade enquanto o ER ACC/AHA apresentou melhor especificidade na predição da mortalidade. Logo, sugerimos que os mesmos podem ser aplicados em conjunto para a predição de mortalidade nos pacientes com SCA prévia. / Introduction: The cardiovascular risk scores were developed, mostly, in population apparently without cardiovascular disease (CVD), therefore its conclusions envolve primary prevention, they shall not be applied to patients with diagnosed coronary disease. In addition, the prognostic scores used after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) evaluated the mortality only in a shortterm period. Goals: The goal of the current study is to evaluate the performance of the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and the score proposed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) in forecasting the mortality in patients ten years after ACS. Case studies and methods: It is a retrospective cohort study which includes patients in the age of ≥ 18 years old, with ACS, who were admitted to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of the Hospital das Clínicas of Botucatu Medical School – UNESP, in the period from January/2005 to December/2006, and that presented the exams for the calculation of the cardiovascular risk scores. Patients which their final outcome in ten years weren´t obtained or those who weren´t accepted in the study were eliminated. The FRS and ACC/AHA risk score were calculated and the mortality was evaluted ten years after ACS. Results: Four hundred and fifty-one patients with ACS admitted to the Coronary Care Unit were evaluated. One hundred and twenty-two were eliminated from those patients because the 10-year mortality after CCU admission wasn´t obtained. Hence, 329 patients in the average age of 62,913,0 years old were studied. Among those patients, 58,4% were men and 44,4% died in the period of 10 years after admission. Sixty-three per cent of those patients showed ACS without ST-segment elevation while thirtyseven per cent showed MI with ST-segment elevation. When we compared those two ACS groups, the mortality was similar (p=0,97). The average of the FRS was 16 (14-18) %, and the average of the ACC/AHA risk score was 18,5 (9,1-31,6). The patients who progressed to death were older, and showed higher values of creatinine, urea and potassium, and lower values of the total cholesterol in the CCU admission. Furthermore, it´s interesting to note that the patients who progressed to death showed higher values of scores. However, when we classify the patients in high cardiovascular risk, only the ACC/AHA risk score was associated to the mortality. The area under the curve (AUC) from the association of FRS and the 10-year mortality is 0,6307, with IC95%: 0,5708-0,6905, and the value of p <0,001. The FRS cut-off point associated to higher mortality is > 14,3% with sensibility of 74,66%, specificity of 42,62 %, positive predictive value of 50,93 % and negative predictive value of 67,83 %. In relation to the ACC/AHA risk score is 0,7015, with IC95% 0,6455-0,7576 and value of p <0,001. The score cut-off point which is associated to higher mortality is > 23,56%, with sensibility of 50,00%, specificity of 71,04%, positive predictive value of 57,94% and negative predictive value of 64,04%. In the logistic regression analysis both the FRS (OR: 1,127; IC95%: 1,056-1,204; p<0,001) and the ACC/AHA risk score (OR: 1,043; IC95%: 1,025-1,060; p<0,001) were associated to the mortality in 10 years in patients with ACS, after being adjusted by the creatinine and potassium. Conclusion: Both the FRS and the ACC/AHA risk score were associated to the 10-year mortality. However, the ACC/AHA risk score showed higher AUC and only the patients who were classified in high risk by that score were associated to the 10-year mortality. In addition, when the scores cut-off points for our population, the one who showed coronary occurences, were compared, the FRS showed better sensibility while the ACC/AHA risk score showed better specificity in the mortality prediction. Hence, we suggested that they can be applied concurrently for the mortality prediction in patients with previous ACS.