Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Stephanie A. Rolley / College districts are unique places that often times blend the culture, history, and the future direction of a city. They are places that foster knowledge, interaction, and diversity. A successful college district enables all citizens to help shape a place that is unique amongst other districts throughout the city. They are places where people relax, work, socialize, think, revolt, and reunite. They are, perhaps, the most important districts within college towns. The intent of this project is to completely reinvent a district to be one that all citizens (permanent and student) of Ames, Iowa can utilize throughout the year. Reversing the negative perceptions of Campustown through design and programming will help recreate a district that fosters interaction among students of Iowa State University and the citizens of Ames. Further, the recreation of Campustown will benefit the community in terms of image, economics, environment, and place. Campustown will no longer be perceived as an enclave of substandard student housing, trashy bars, and a district that caters to only one group. It will be a place where people come together to celebrate Ames and ISU and to come together to meet friends and family. To enable a thorough understanding of successful college districts, two case studies were examined in great detail to help understand what makes these places work. A complete site inventory and analysis of Campustown was also conducted to help determine where and what shortcomings are present throughout the site. Several different programming elements have been selected that would be appropriate to locate in the Campustown area. And finally, a complete master plan has been created that will enable Campustown to function properly long into the future for every citizen of Ames.

In vitro genetic toxicity tests using cultured bacterial or mammalian cells provide a cost- and time-effective alternative to animal tests. Unfortunately, existing in vitro assays are not always reliable. This is in part due to the limited metabolic capacity of the cells used, which is often critical to accurately assess chemical genotoxicity. This limited metabolic capacity necessitates the use of exogenous sources of mammalian metabolic enzymes that can simulate in vivo mammalian metabolic activation reactions. In response to this, and other limitations, alongside the worldwide trend to reduce animal testing, there is an acute need to consider various strategies to improve in vitro mutagenicity assessment. This thesis first examined the utility of exogenous metabolic activation systems based on human hepatic S9, relative to conventional induced rat liver S9, for routine genetic toxicity assessment. This was accomplished by critically evaluating existing literature, as well as new experimental data. The results revealed the limitations of human liver S9 for assessment of chemical mutagenicity. More specifically, the analyses concluded that, due to the increased risk of false negative results, human liver S9 should not be used as a replacement for induced rat liver S9. To address the limitations of conventional mammalian cell genetic toxicity assays that require exogenous hepatic S9, the thesis next evaluated the utility of an in vitro mutagenicity assay based on metabolically-competent primary hepatocytes (PHs) derived from the transgenic MutaMouse. Cultured MutaMouse PHs were thoroughly characterized, and found to temporarily retain the phenotypic attributes of hepatocytes in vivo; they express hepatocyte-specific proteins, exhibit the karyotype of typical hepatocytes, and maintain metabolic activity for at least the first 24 hours after isolation. Preliminary validation of the in vitro MutaMouse PH gene mutation assay, using a panel of thirteen mutagenic and non-mutagenic chemicals, demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, inclusion of substances requiring a diverse array of metabolic activation pathways revealed comprehensive metabolic competence. Finally, the thesis further investigated the applicability domain of the in vitro MutaMouse PH assay by challenging the assay with selected azo compounds. Comparison of these results with those obtained using the in vivo MutaMouse TGR (transgenic rodent) assay revealed that MutaMouse PHs can carry out some forms of reductive metabolism. Overall, this thesis demonstrated that a gene mutation assay based on MutaMouse PHs holds great promise for routine assessments of chemical mutagenicity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_crp_me_arafcf.pdf: 859101 bytes, checksum: dc8d0d66975b1493a8b7a5a2830d3074 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Considerando a pesquisa de novas moléculas farmacologicamente ativas, orientada pelo uso tradicional das plantas com finalidade terapêutica, o presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos genotóxicos e de ativação do sistema imunológico em duas espécies de plantas do gênero Byrsonima: Byrsonima crassa e Byrsonima intermedia. Essas espécies são plantas de uso popular, pertencentes à flora do Cerrado Brasileiro, utilizadas pela população para disfunções gástricas e diarréias. Foram realizados ensaios para a caracterização da mutagenicidade dos extratos, através do Teste de Ames (TA), utilizando-se linhagens geneticamente modificadas de Salmonella typhimurium e de ativação da resposta imune celular, utilizando-se cultura de macrófagos de exsudato peritoneal (PEC) de camundongos Swiss, avaliando a liberação celular de Fator de Necrose Tumoral-alfa (TNF-α) e Óxido nítrico (NO), importantes moduladores da resposta inflamatória. Foi verificado que somente o extrato metanólico de B.crassa apresentou atividade mutagênica positiva na linhagem TA98, com e sem ativação metabólica. Analisando-se as frações aquosa e acetato de etila, verificou-se que o composto provavelmente responsável pela atividade mutagênica do extrato metanólico está presente na fração acetato. Testes realizados com os compostos isolados dessa fração (catequina, galato de metila, querecetina -3-O-β-Dgalactopiranosídeo, quercetina-3-O-α-arabinopiranosídeo e amentoflavona) revelaram ação mutagênica da amentoflavona e indícios de mutagenicidade da quercetina arabinopiranosídeo. Nos ensaios imunológicos, verificou-se que os extratos de B.crassa e B.intermedia promoveram estímulo da liberação de NO por macrófagos de camundongos em níveis reduzidos, assim como a fração aquosa do extrato metanólico de B.crassa. A fração acetato de etila do extrato... / Considering the research of active new molecules, leaded by the traditional use of plants with therapeutic proposal, this paper tested the genotoxic effects and the activation of the immune system in two species of Byrsonima: Byrsonima crassa and Byrsonima intermedia. These are popular use species that belong to the Brazilian Cerrado, utilized by population to gastric dysfunctions and diarrheas. Many assays were done to give the characterization of mutagenicity of the extracts, through the Ames test (TA) using a line of genetic changed Salmonella typhimurium and the activation of the cellular response, using a culture of peritoneal macrophages from Swiss mice, to test the cell liberation of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-apha (TNF-a) and Nitric Oxide (NO), important modulators on the inflammation response. It was verified that only the methanolic extract of B.crassa presented positive mutagenic activity in the line TA98, with and without metabolic activation. Analyzing the watering and ethyl acetate portions, it was checked that the substance that probably is responsible by the mutagenic activity of the methanolic extract is present on the ethyl acetate portion. Assays achieved with isolated compounds from this portion - (+)-catechin, methyl galate, quercetin-3-O-ß-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-a-Larabinopyranoside and amentoflavone - discovered mutagenic activity of amentoflavone and mutagenicity signals of quercetin-3-O-a-L-arabinopyranoside. On this immunologic assays, it was observed that the B.crassa and B.intermedia extracts did not promote the stimulation of leaving NO and TNF-a by macrophages of mouse, just live the watering portion from B.crassa methanolic extract. The ethyl acetate B.crassa portion presented stimulated and relevant activity to the liberation of NO and TNF-a. (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Ames dwarf (df/df) mice are deficient in anterior pituitary hormones: growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin (PRL) due to a spontaneous, homozygous mutation of prop1[superscript df] gene. These dwarf mice exhibit characteristics such as delayed growth and development coupled with delayed aging, increased lifespan, overall increased insulin sensitivity, as well as resistance to certain diseases and cancers. The mutant mice possess low blood glucose, low serum insulin, and lower body temperature. Their enhanced longevity (about 40-60% longer lifespan than normal mice) is associated with their GH deficiency and disruption in the somatotropic axis (GH/IGF-1 hormonal pathway) as well as increased insulin sensitivity, which is supported by other mutant mouse models for longevity like Snell dwarfs and growth hormone receptor knock-out (GHRKO) mice. When young male Ames dwarf mice were treated with GH replacement therapy, they showed increased body growth to nearly match the normal mouse phenotype. In conjunction to an increase in physical growth, however, GH treatment also decreases the longevity and insulin sensitivity that are characteristic of these mice to levels seen in normal mice. Because of the lack of TSH, they also have undetectable levels of Thyroxine (T4). While T4 treatment didn't increase bodyweight of dwarfs to the same extent as GH treatment, the T4 treated mice retained their enhanced lifespan. Although df/df mice have enhanced whole-body insulin sensitivity, the male skeletal muscle was previously shown to be less responsive to insulin than their liver. In our study we analyzed the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle from female mice after treatment with GH or GH combined with T4. Gene expression and protein expression were investigated in the skeletal muscle of female Ames dwarf mice that were treated with GH or GH and T4 therapy. Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression of mRNA involved with insulin and GH signaling, while western blots were used to analyze protein expression. This project found that female Ames skeletal muscle didn't respond to GH treatment to the same extent as males, and that GH and T4 treatment tends to neutralize the effects seen in GH-only treatment.

This study estimated monthly and annual Net Primary Productivity (NPP), an important indicator of carbon sequestration, in the Conterminous US from 1997 to 2007 using Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach. Vegetation condition, temperature, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation and soil water holding capacity were used as model’s inputs. NPP values were lower than mean annual values during the year 2000 to 2003 which was probably due to extreme drought conditions during these years. Higher NPP per square meter was generally found in Savannah and Subtropical eco-divisions whereas Tropical/Subtropical deserts had the lowest NPP. Southeastern states had the highest NPP per square meter thus, made the highest contribution to the terrestrial carbon sequestration in US. Since the vegetation is one of the main factors in NPP and thus carbon sequestration, the results of this study could help in various environmental policy decisions on forest and cropland management at the state, EPA and federal levels.

Reivindicamos desde estas páginas la necesidad de reubicar el Mirouer des simples ames en su contexto medieval para restaurar sus imágenes en lo que a percepción, retórica y recepción se refiere. En este trabajo tomaremos lo textualmente visible como categoría de análisis histórico y lo justificaremos por su carácter didáctico, situándolo en contextos de difusión que no presuponían un auditorio necesariamente clerical ni letrado. Intentaremos reconstruir los aspectos visibles del Mirouer y exponer la poética de los mismos. En primer lugar, decodificaremos las imágenes a través del análisis filológico del texto para, en segundo lugar, establecer la comparación de la obra poreteana con otros documentos de la época (escritos y plásticos), lo que nos permitirá entender el posicionamiento de la obra ante su tradición expresivo-doctrinal. Propondremos una hermenéutica de lo meramente escrito a través de los mecanismos verbales que crean la visibilidad de la imagen en la obra poreteana. / In this thesis we claim the recontextualization of the Mirouer des simples ames in its medieval context so that its images can be restored as far as perception, rhetoric and reception are concerned. By this work we place the text in contexts where the audience was no necessarily clerical or educated: we justify the textual visibility because of the didactic character of the device, and we take it as a category of historical analysis. We therefore reconstruct the visible aspects of the Mirouer and explain its poetics. In the first place, we decode the images through the philological analysis of the text and, in the second place, we compare the poretean work with other documents from that period (written and, mostly, visual ones). In short, we propose a hermeneutic of the mere written word through the verbal mechanisms that create the visualization of the image in the poretean work.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlauberGA_DISSERT.pdf: 1911240 bytes, checksum: d05b0c889069153931de4df556e69157 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / A avalia??o formativa da aprendizagem ? um processo que verifica se as a??es pedag?gicas produziram resultados efetivos nos aprendizes em tempo de reverter quadros de defici?ncia de aprendizagem. No entanto, essa avalia??o, mesmo sendo importante, ? rejeitada por muitos professores sob o argumento de serem complexas e invi?veis e, por muitos alunos, por serem consideradas cansativas. A sua instrumenta??o convencional ? tamb?m outro entrave ? sua pr?tica tendo em vista os formul?rios impressos ma?antes e de log?stica dif?cil. Mesmo as avalia??es formativas automatizadas s?o cansativas, porque apenas transportam o documento em papel para uma tela de computador. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de um framework conceitual com a descri??o de componentes que apoiam a instrumenta??o de avalia??es formativas em jogos digitais com a finalidade de torn?-las mais fact?veis e estimulantes na pr?tica pedag?gica. O framework incorpora procedimentos e t?cnicas em quatro momentos fundamentais da avalia??o formativa: nas defini??es do instrumento de avalia??o, da coleta e an?lise de dados e da regula??o da aprendizagem. Essas t?cnicas e procedimentos devem integrar o projeto de desenvolvimento do jogo digital para que esses disponibilizem a sua interface na coleta de dados de aquisi??o de conhecimento dos alunos enquanto jogam. Por ser um framework aberto, ? poss?vel que seja estendido por pesquisadores, professores e desenvolvedores de jogos, afim de abranger mais aspectos da avalia??o formativa. Com essas carater?sticas, o framework pode beneficiar a viabilidade das avalia??es durante o processo ensino-aprendizagem e prover aos professores informa??es que o auxiliem nas decis?es sobre o n?vel de aquisi??o de conhecimento dos alunos. Isto posto, cabe ressaltar que o framework, ora proposto, foi instanciado apenas como prova de conceito e necessita de avalia??es da sua consist?ncia atrav?s de experimentos e estudos de casos, a??es que ser?o executadas em trabalhos futuros

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