The autumn 2015 represented a critical juncture for Swedish migration politics. Prime Minister Löfven’s government tightened immigration policies in accordance with proposals made since long by the radical right wing party the Sweden Democrats (SD). But did the critical juncture and the following migration policies involve new political strategies against SD, and how have the mainstream parties’ leaders’ perspective on immigration been affected? The analysis is based on systemic functional grammar and scholarly literature concerning perspectives on immigration. Policy proposals, party leaders’ perspectives on immigration and party leaders’ positioning in immigration-related television debates from 2014 and 2017 are compared. The results confirm previous research showing that there was a strong convergence amongst mainstream parties 2014, in migration politics as well as in positioning against SD. In 2017, the migration issue has split up into more detailed issues like family reunification, temporary residence permits and differentiated welfare. The utility perspective on immigration was salient in 2014. In 2017, two new central perspectives on immigration were constructed: the strain perspective and the reversed rights perspective. The study suggests that immigration-related issues has gone from being a forum for distance making between mainstream parties and SD, to be like any other issue – a forum for the usual political dynamics between governing parties and opposition.

This diploma thesis "A Performance Comparison of in Czech Republic available mutual funds and ETFs from the view of CZK investor" elaborates on collective investing in Czech Republic; focusing on mutual funds and their exchange traded alternatives in ETFs. In the thesis, a history of Czech collective investments' development is briefly mentioned and of ETFs' beginnings in the US, also a legislative framework for the mutual funds in CZ is shortly discussed; furthermore, different approaches to fund classification based on various criteria are provided. An impact of fund fees and expenses is also analysed. A Current situation on the capital market of funds and ETFs and its trends are showed in many graphs and tables. In the second part of the thesis, author introduces not only the basic ones but also the more sophisticated methods of portfolio's or fund's performance measurements, including yields, risks, risk-adjusted yields etc... The third and last chapter aims at application of the previously mentioned methods on a selection of 20 funds and ETFs; therefore building a financial model enabling that. The analysis is viewed as from the CZK investor, thus all calculations are made in CZK.

The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the scores on the quantitative portion of the SAT for 110 students and these students' math teachers' ratings on the TTAS, (2) to determine the nature of the relationship of the students' SAT scores to their teachers' TTAS ratings, and (3) to determine the nature of the relationship of the students' SAT scores to their sex. It was hypothesized that (1) there would be no significant relationship between a student's math score as measured by the quantitative portion of the SAT and the effectiveness of the student's math teacher as measured by the TTAS, and (2) there would be no significant relationship between a student's math score as measured by the quantitative portion of the SAT and the student's sex. The 110 subjects (60 males and 50 females) In this study took the quantitative portion of the SAT during the 1986-87 school year. This sample was drawn from a large suburban high school in the North Texas area. The effectiveness of the math teachers who taught the 110 students was measured by the Texas Teachers Appraisal System (TTAS). The statistical analyses indicated that (1) there was no significant relationship between a higher SAT score and a math teacher's higher TTAS rating and (2) there was no significant relationship between male and female SAT scores. Recommendations for future research include: (1) does the TTAS actually measure teacher effectiveness, (2) do appraisers in Texas follow state mandated training procedures, (3) does the quantitative portion of the SAT contain sexually biased items, (4) does the SAT actually predict student ability, (5) do teachers respond in like manner to male and female students, (6) does the high school curriculum tend to favor one sex more than the other.

Analyses of suicide notes have been conducted from varied perspectives in both linguistics and psychology. Not only have these studies added considerable value to the study of suicide, but they have also enriched the field of forensic linguistics. By analysing suicide notes, researchers are able to speculate about the state of mind of a suicidal individual from a psychological perspective, as well as gain insights into the characteristics of this genre from a linguistic perspective. Studies of suicide notes that are most relevant to forensic linguistics are those that compare authentic and fabricated suicide notes to determine whether these types of suicide notes may be distinguished from one another. Although the literature on suicide notes includes multiple studies that consider the differences between authentic and fabricated suicide notes, none seems to consider the fact that there might not be distinct differences between these types of suicide notes. Past studies also do not seem to consider that it might not be possible to determine whether a single suicide note is authentic or not. The present study fills this gap by considering authentic and fabricated suicide notes as indistinguishable texts. In this study, appraisal theory is used as the main theory of linguistic analysis to prove that authentic and fabricated suicide notes do not have distinct linguistic characteristics that can be used to differentiate them and that aiming to authenticate suicide notes might be a very risky and problematic undertaking. The results indicate that based on the theories and methods discussed in this thesis, it is not possible to successfully distinguish between authentic and fabricated suicide notes. It appears that, overall, the suicide notes included here would be more suited to analyses aimed at determining authorship identification or verification than analyses aimed at authenticating suicide notes. Accordingly, the study contributes not only to research concerned with the analysis of suicide notes but also to that concerned with forensic linguistics. Furthermore, the study includes analyses of South African suicide notes, and specifically Afrikaans suicide notes, which has not been attempted in previous research. / Tshekatsheko ya mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya e dirilwe go tswa mahlakoreng ao a fapanego ka go bobedi dithutapolelo le dithutamahlale tsa menagano. Dinyakisiso tse ga se tsa oketsa boleng bjo bogolo fela go dinyakisiso ka ga ditiragalo tsa go ipolaya, eupsa di humisitse gape lekala la dithutapolelo tsa mabapi le batho bao ba ipolailego. Ka go sekaseka mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya, banyakisisi gape ba kgona go akanya mabapi le seemo sa monagano sa motho yo a ipolailego ka lehlakoreng la tsa menagano, gammogo le go hwetsa tsebo mabapi le dipharologantshi tsa mohuta wo wa sengwalwa ka lehlakoreng la dithutapolelo. Dinyakisiso tsa mabapi le mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya tseo di nyalelanago kudu le dithutapolelo tsa mabapi le batho ba go ipolaya ke tseo di bapetsago mangwalo a go ipolaya a makgonthe le a bofora go tseba ge eba mehuta ye ya mangwalo a batho ba go ipolaya a ka faralogantshwa le a mangwe. Le ge e le gore dingwalwa tsa mabapi le mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya di akaretsa dinyakisiso tse ntsi tseo di hlokometsego go fapana magareng ga mangwalo a batho ba go ipolaya a makgonthe le a bofora, ga go seo se hlokometsego ntlha ya gore go ka no se be le diphapano magareng ga mehuta ye ya mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya. Dinyakisiso tse di dirilwego mo nakong ye e fetilego le tsona di bonala di sa hlokomele ntlha ya gore go ka no se kgonagale go tseba ge eba lengwalo le tee leo le ngwadilwego ke motho wa go ipolaya ke la makgonthe goba aowa. Dinyakisiso tse di tlatsa sekgoba se ka go bona mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya a makgonthe le a bofora bjalo ka dingwalwa tseo di ka farologanywago. Ka mo dinyakisisong tse, teori ya go utolla tshekatsheko ya maikutlo e a somiswa bjalo ka teori ye kgolo ya go sekaseka polelo ka nepo ya go laetsa gore mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya a makgonthe le a bofora ga a na le dipharologantshi tse di bonagalago tse di ka somiswago go a farologanya le gore go ikemisetsa go dira gore mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya ke a makgonthe go ka ba mosomo o kotsi kudu le wo o nago le mathata. Dipoelo di laetsa gore go ya ka diteori le mekgwa ye e ahlaahlwago ka mo thesesing ye, ga go kgonagale go farologanya ka katlego phapano magareng ga mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya a makgonthe le a bofora. Go bonala gore, ka kakaretso, mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya ao a akareditswego ka mo a tla lokela kudu go tshekatsheko ye e ikemiseditsego go tseba motho yo a ngwadilego lengwalo la go ipolaya goba tiisetso go feta tshekatsheko ye e ikemiseditsego go tiisetsa gore mangwalo ao a mabapi le go ipolaya a ngwadilwe ke bomang. Ka se, dinyakisiso ga di tsenye letsogo fela go dinyakisiso tsa mabapi le tshekatsheko ya mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya, eupsa gape mabapi le dithutapolelo tsa mabapi le batho bao ba ipolailego. Godimo ga fao, dinyakisiso di akaretsa tshekatsheko ya mangwalo ao a ngwadilwego ke batho ba go ipolaya ka mo Afrika Borwa, gomme kudukudu mangwalo a go ngwalwa ka Seafrikantshe a batho bao ba ipolailego, e lego seo se sego sa dirwa ka dinyakisisong tse di fetilego. / Ukuhlaziywa kwamanothi ezehlakalo zokuzikhunga/zokuzibulala kudala kwenziwa ngokwemiqondo eyehlukahlukene ngezindlela ezimbili ngokwelingwistiki nangokwengqondo. Izifundo zocwaningo azikhulisanga kuphela ukubaluleka kocwaningo olumayelana nokuzikhunga kuphela, kodwa ziphinde zanothisa umkhakha weforensiki yelingwistiki. Ngokuhlaziya amanothi amayelana nocwaningo, abacwaningi bayakwazi ukwenza umhlahlo ngesimo somqondo womuntu ozikhungayo ngokomqondo wezengqondo, kanye nangokuzuza ulwazi olumayelana nezimpawu zalo mkhakha ngokomqondo welingwistiki. Izimfundo ezimayelana namanothi ashiywa ngabantu abazibulalayo ahlobene kakhulu neforensiki yelingwistiki yilawo aqhathanisa amanothi okuzibulala oqobo nalawo angamanothimbumbulu, ukucacisa kahle ukuthi mhlawumbe lezi zinhlobo zamanothi angahlukaniswa kwamanye. Yize umbhalo wobuciko omayelana namanothi okuzibulala axuba izimfundo zocwaningo eziningi ezigxile kwimehluko ephakathi kwamanothi okuzibulala oqobo nalawo okuzakhela/ambumbulu, akhekho obheka udaba lokuthi kungahle kungabi khona umehluko ogqamile phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zamanothi okuzibulala. Izimfundo zocwaningo zesikhathi esedlule nazo azilubheki udaba lokuthi angekhe kwenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi mhlawumbe inothi lokuzibulala ngabe elangempela noma yinothimbumbulu. Isifundo samanje sivala lesi sikhala ngokuthatha amanothi angempela namanothimbumbulu njengemibhalo engahlukaniseki. Kulesi sifundo socwaningo, ithiyori yokuhlola isetshenziswe njengethiyori eyinsika yokuhlaziya ilingwistiki ukukhombisa ukuthi amanothi okuzibulala angempela nalawo okuzakhela akanazo izimpawu ezibaphawulekayo ezingasetshenziswa ukuwehlukanisa kanti lokho kuqonde ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanothi okuzibulala kungenzeka abe wumsebenzi onobungozi obukhulu kanye nenkinga enkulu. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ngokwamathiyori nangezindlela ezixoxwe kule thiyori, kunzima ukuphumelela uthole umehluko phakathi mwamanothi angempela nalawo ambumbulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyakhombisa ukuthi, amanothi okuzibulala aqukethwe lapha azohambisana kakhulu nolwazi oluhlaziyiwe oluqonde ukuthola umnini wenothi noma ukuqinisekisa kunolwazi oluhlaziyiwe oluhlose ukuqinisekisa umbhali wamanothi okuzibulala. Ngokosiko lwakhona, isifundo asifakanga kuphela igalelo kucwaningo kuphela ngokuhlaziya amanothi okuzibulala, kanti lokho futhi kumayelana neforensiki yelingwistiki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luqukethe ulwazi oluhlaziyiwe lwamanothi okuzibulala eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulu amanothi okuzibulala abhalwe ngesiBhunu, angakazwe alokothwe kucwaningo lwesikhathi esedlule. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / Ph. D. (Forensic Linguistics)

The aim of this thesis is to explore the use of Mass Appraisal Methods in Czech republic. This diploma thesis specifies main use of those methods, next specifies who uses this methods and in which cases this methods are used. At first, there is description of appraisal methods used in Czech republic and abroad in this diploma thesis. On the basis of this knowledge utilizations of Mass Appraisal Methods are described. For illustration of Mass Appraisal Methods the appraisal of two sets of similar houses is performed for use of property taxes in context of legislation in Czech republic. Further advantages of appraisal systems are described, which use a Mass Appraisal Methods in praxes.

I denna uppsats undersöks användningen av den etablerade och utbredda konstruktionen ja men/nej men, vars mångskiftande interaktionella betydelse i det svenska samtalsspråket inte tidigare har klarlagts i regelrätta studier. Utifrån en CA-baserad metodik och en modifierad modell av appraisalteorins dialogicitetssystem har ja men/nej men-konstruktionernas position, funktion, attityd och form i fyra dyadiska poddsamtal kategoriserats och analyserats. Kategoriseringen av konstruktionerna utgår ifrån – och kompletterar – tidigare internationella studier, och en övergripande beskrivning av de olika svenska ja men/nej men-konstruktionerna presenteras. I analysen av 137 fullföljda ja men/nej men-inledda yttranden, utkristalliserar sig nio funktioner för ja men/nej men, varav sju är sekvensreglerande och positionsoberoende. Av de sekvensreglerande funktionerna bidrar tre till att utvidga sekvensen (bekräftande, kompletterande, förhandlande), medan fyra inskränker och avslutar sekvensen (korrigerande, ifrågasättande, sammanfattande, skiftande). Utöver en sekvensreglerande funktion fyller de turinbäddade, men inte de turinledande, konstruktionerna även en av två praktiska funktioner (reparerande, anföringsmarkerande). Samtalsdeltagarna använder företrädesvis ja men/nej men-konstruktionerna turinledande i sekvensutvidgande yttranden. Ja men används något oftare än nej men, medan konstruktionen jo men ytterst sällan används. Ja men och nej men används såväl turinledande som turinbäddat, och i samtliga nio funktioner. Det kvantitativa resultatet indikerar att deltagarna i poddsamtalen tenderar att använda ja men med framhävande attityd i utvidgande funktioner, och nej men med nedtonande attityd i inskränkande funktioner. I den anföringsmarkerande funktionen ses ett samband mellan lexikal konstruktion och den handling som realiseras i det citerade yttrandet. En diakron studie av detta användande för att utröna om fenomenet är en rest från ett ursprungligt, prototypiskt bruk av konstruktionen föreslås som fortsatt forskning om ja men/nej men. / This thesis presents an examination of the well-establish and frequently used construction ja men/nej men (yes but/no but), which interactional significance in the Swedish language has not yet been investigated. By employing a CA-based method, and a modified model of the appraisal system of engagement, the position, interactional function, attitude, and form of the ja men/nej men-constructions in four dyadic podcasts has been categorized and analyzed. The categorization is based on – and contributes to – international studies, and a comprehensive description of the Swedish construction is presented. In the 137 analyzed ja men/nej men-initiated utterances, nine functions emerge of which seven regulate sequences, regardless of a turn-initiated or turn-embedded position. Three of these regulating functions expand the sequence (confirming, completing, negotiating), while four close it (correcting, challenging, concluding, shifting). The turn-embedded constructions also assume two additional practical functions (repairing, quotative marking). The participants primarily use the construction in sequence-expanding utterances and are more frequently using ja men than nej men, very rarely jo men. The result indicates that the participants tend to use an authoritative ja men to expand the sequence, and a hedging nej men to close the sequence. A correlation, although not significant, between lexical construction and function is seen in the quotative marking function, where the performed action in the quoted utterance seems to determine the lexical choice. A diachronic study of this usage, to investigate if this is a prototypical use, is one of the suggestions for future research of the usage of the Swedish ja men/nej men-construction.

The status of women in Bangladesh has long been an issue, with high reports of negative perceptions regarding women’s capabilities. This is reflected in the poor position of women in the labor market, and combined with reports of poor mental health among women in Bangladesh, it raises the question of whether these issues are related. Previous research has found a relationship between perceived gender-based discrimination in the labor market and mental health. Since such research can justify preventative policy measures, we wanted to investigate if the same relationship can be found in a country heavily experiencing these issues, like Bangladesh. Based on the stress process theory and the cognitive appraisal theory, we expected to find a relationship between perceived gender-based discrimination and mental health. We investigated the relationship by analyzing survey data (N = 957) collected from the Sylhet district in Bangladesh through systematic random sampling. We used linear probability models in our main analysis, which indicated that women who experienced higher levels of discrimination were more than 30 percentage points likelier to suffer from poorer mental health than women who experienced lower levels of discrimination. We found the same relationship for all of our discrimination measurements. In addition, having decision-making power in the job role, having more wealth, and living in an urban area decreased the likelihood of suffering from poorer mental health when exposed to discrimination. There was no significant difference between using emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping. We suggest that policies promoting higher education for women, accessible childcare, and women in high-status jobs could reduce gender-based discrimination in the labor market, improving mental health. / Kvinnors status har länge varit ett problem i Bangladesh där negativa uppfattningar om kvinnors förmågor är utbredda. Det speglas i kvinnors svaga position på arbetsmarknaden vilket, i kombination med rapporter om höga nivåer av mental ohälsa bland kvinnor i Bangladesh, väcker frågan om huruvida de relaterar till varandra. Tidigare forskning visar på ett förhållande mellan uppfattad könsdiskriminering på arbetsmarknaden och mental hälsa. Sådan forskning skulle kunna användas som stöd för motverkande politiska åtgärder. Vi ämnade därför att undersöka om förhållandet även finns i ett land som starkt erfar båda dessa problem, så som Bangladesh. I enlighet med teorierna “stress process theory” och “cognitive appraisal theory” förväntade vi oss ett förhållande mellan uppfattad könsdiskriminering och mental hälsa. Vi undersökte förhållandet genom att analysera enkätdata (N = 957) som samlats från Sylhetdistriktet i Bangladesh med hjälp av systematiskt urval. Vi använde linjära sannolikhetsmodeller i den huvudsakliga analysen. Resultatet visade att kvinnor som upplever högre nivåer av diskriminering hade mer än 30 procentenheter större sannolikhet att lida av sämre psykisk hälsa än kvinnor som upplever lägre nivåer av diskriminering. Vi fann samma förhållande för alla diskrimineringsmått. Utöver det minskade sannolikheten att lida av sämre psykisk hälsa vid exponering av diskriminering med beslutsfattande i sin arbetsroll, högre välstånd och bosättning i stadsområde. Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan att använda känslofokuserade copingstrategier och problemfokuserade copingstrategier. Vi föreslår att policyer som främjar högre utbildning hos kvinnor, tillgänglig barnomsorg och kvinnor i högstatusyrken kan minska könsbaserad diskriminering på arbetsmarknaden vilket skulle leda till bättre psykisk hälsa.

Researchers often benefit from gathering data from participants without any regard for the participants’ needs. In other words, the data gathering process is often not reciprocal in nature, as the researcher is often the only beneficiary. The Mmogo-method® is proposed as a data gathering method that also benefits participants. Three distinct phases are distinguished in applying the Mmogo-method®. During the first phase the researcher gains entry into the research context an ethically sensitive manner. Participants are asked to arrange themselves into groups (not more than eight to ten people participate in a session). They are duly informed of the nature of the research topic and what it entails; namely that they will be requested to make visual representations of specific experiences by using unstructured materials such as malleable clay, dried straw and different colours and sizes of beads. The participants are also informed that only partial confidentially of the information that they share can be ensured because of the group context in which the data are obtained. The participants are, however, asked to treat all shared information as confidential. The Mmogo-method® is usually applied in a group context to allows the dynamics of group processes to inform and enrich the research context. The second phase is introduced by an open-ended prompt that requests the participants to use the unstructured material to visually represent their experiences. In this study, mental health workers were asked to visually represent their coping strategies. On completion of the visual representations, the third phase is initiated. A team of researchers (including counsellors and if needed interpreters) engage in a process of individual and group discussions. Individual participants explain the meaning of each object and action(s); the relationship between the objects and the relevance of the objects in relation to the research prompt; and finally the symbolic value of the objects. After the individual participant has explained the visual representation, the rest of the group is asked to complement the individual participant’s explanation with their perceptions or experiences. Little or no literature is available on how participants experience a visual research method (Mmogo-method®). In this study, the researcher used the Mmogo-method® to elicit mental health workers' coping strategies from a positive participatory perspective and to describe the participants’ experiences of participating in the Mmogo-method® as a data gathering method to elicit the coping strategies of the mental health workers. Mental health workers (telephone counsellors, trauma counsellors, social workers, social auxiliary workers and other professionals) are required to engage with the challenges their clients face and to assist them by means of psycho-social interventions on a daily basis. The mental health workers from Childline who work with children deal with clients who undergo various traumatic experiences, such as severe violence and neglect; physical, emotional and sexual abuse; abduction, homelessness and prostitution. The coping of these mental health workers is important because violence against children is one of the most prominent manifestations of violence in South Africa. More than half of the reported cases against children during the financial year of 2010 were sexual offences. There is a significant shortage of mental health workers to address children’s psycho-social needs in South Africa. Due to the traumatic nature of the mental health workers’ work, they often experience burnout, vicarious traumatisation and compassion fatigue. The management of Childline requested an investigation into the coping strategies of their mental health workers. Childline is a non-governmental organisation that provides a 24-hour toll-free helpline, as well as online counselling services to children and their families. Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the North-West University’s ethical committee, as well as from the heads of departments of the relevant mental health workers. The mental health workers from Childline were invited to participate in the research. The Mmogo-method® was specifically applied from a positive participatory approach and allowed for the positively focused subjective contributions of research participants to the research process. Qualitative research with a case study design was applied. Textual and visual data were gathered and analysed in two phases. First, by the researcher and participants during the research process, and second, by using thematic analysis for the textual data, and visual data analysis of the visual data. Findings revealed themes related to the coping strategies of the mental health workers on an intrapersonal and an interpersonal level, which is not the focus of this study. In terms of the application of the Mmogo-method®, the mental health workers experienced the research context of unconditional positive regard and acceptance as a therapeutic intervention. The applied method supported the mental health workers in making a positive appraisal of their coping strategies and environment. They gained insight into their level of appreciation for their current occupation and interpersonal relationships. They also became more aware of their coping strategies in these contexts. The positive and supportive research context, the material used in applying the method and the group processes experienced were identified as factors contributing to the therapeutic experience of the process. These aspects lead the mental health workers to awareness, maintaining their focus and allowing for shared experience. The findings highlighted that research is not only a matter of obtaining data from participants, but should also allow participants to benefit from the process. Further research is recommended to explore other methodologies that could serve a dual purpose of addressing the needs of both the researcher and participant. / MSc (Clinical Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Researchers often benefit from gathering data from participants without any regard for the participants’ needs. In other words, the data gathering process is often not reciprocal in nature, as the researcher is often the only beneficiary. The Mmogo-method® is proposed as a data gathering method that also benefits participants. Three distinct phases are distinguished in applying the Mmogo-method®. During the first phase the researcher gains entry into the research context an ethically sensitive manner. Participants are asked to arrange themselves into groups (not more than eight to ten people participate in a session). They are duly informed of the nature of the research topic and what it entails; namely that they will be requested to make visual representations of specific experiences by using unstructured materials such as malleable clay, dried straw and different colours and sizes of beads. The participants are also informed that only partial confidentially of the information that they share can be ensured because of the group context in which the data are obtained. The participants are, however, asked to treat all shared information as confidential. The Mmogo-method® is usually applied in a group context to allows the dynamics of group processes to inform and enrich the research context. The second phase is introduced by an open-ended prompt that requests the participants to use the unstructured material to visually represent their experiences. In this study, mental health workers were asked to visually represent their coping strategies. On completion of the visual representations, the third phase is initiated. A team of researchers (including counsellors and if needed interpreters) engage in a process of individual and group discussions. Individual participants explain the meaning of each object and action(s); the relationship between the objects and the relevance of the objects in relation to the research prompt; and finally the symbolic value of the objects. After the individual participant has explained the visual representation, the rest of the group is asked to complement the individual participant’s explanation with their perceptions or experiences. Little or no literature is available on how participants experience a visual research method (Mmogo-method®). In this study, the researcher used the Mmogo-method® to elicit mental health workers' coping strategies from a positive participatory perspective and to describe the participants’ experiences of participating in the Mmogo-method® as a data gathering method to elicit the coping strategies of the mental health workers. Mental health workers (telephone counsellors, trauma counsellors, social workers, social auxiliary workers and other professionals) are required to engage with the challenges their clients face and to assist them by means of psycho-social interventions on a daily basis. The mental health workers from Childline who work with children deal with clients who undergo various traumatic experiences, such as severe violence and neglect; physical, emotional and sexual abuse; abduction, homelessness and prostitution. The coping of these mental health workers is important because violence against children is one of the most prominent manifestations of violence in South Africa. More than half of the reported cases against children during the financial year of 2010 were sexual offences. There is a significant shortage of mental health workers to address children’s psycho-social needs in South Africa. Due to the traumatic nature of the mental health workers’ work, they often experience burnout, vicarious traumatisation and compassion fatigue. The management of Childline requested an investigation into the coping strategies of their mental health workers. Childline is a non-governmental organisation that provides a 24-hour toll-free helpline, as well as online counselling services to children and their families. Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the North-West University’s ethical committee, as well as from the heads of departments of the relevant mental health workers. The mental health workers from Childline were invited to participate in the research. The Mmogo-method® was specifically applied from a positive participatory approach and allowed for the positively focused subjective contributions of research participants to the research process. Qualitative research with a case study design was applied. Textual and visual data were gathered and analysed in two phases. First, by the researcher and participants during the research process, and second, by using thematic analysis for the textual data, and visual data analysis of the visual data. Findings revealed themes related to the coping strategies of the mental health workers on an intrapersonal and an interpersonal level, which is not the focus of this study. In terms of the application of the Mmogo-method®, the mental health workers experienced the research context of unconditional positive regard and acceptance as a therapeutic intervention. The applied method supported the mental health workers in making a positive appraisal of their coping strategies and environment. They gained insight into their level of appreciation for their current occupation and interpersonal relationships. They also became more aware of their coping strategies in these contexts. The positive and supportive research context, the material used in applying the method and the group processes experienced were identified as factors contributing to the therapeutic experience of the process. These aspects lead the mental health workers to awareness, maintaining their focus and allowing for shared experience. The findings highlighted that research is not only a matter of obtaining data from participants, but should also allow participants to benefit from the process. Further research is recommended to explore other methodologies that could serve a dual purpose of addressing the needs of both the researcher and participant. / MSc (Clinical Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Denna kvalitativa studie undersöker, utifrån ett fenomenografiskt perspektiv, fritidshemspedagogers uppfattningar av utvecklingssamtal. Studien undersöker de variationer som finns bland pedagogernas uppfattningar av meningsfullheten de tillskriver sitt deltagande. Verksamma pedagoger på fritidshem i Storstockholm intervjuades och det insamlade materialet kategoriserades och analyserades enligt den fenomenografiska analysmetoden. Resultatet visade att pedagogerna såg sitt deltagande i utvecklingssamtalet som meningsfullt framförallt för att få ge sin bild av elevers sociala utveckling. Detta beskrevs genomgående som fritidshemmets viktigaste uppdrag. Variationer framkom vid flertalet kategorier. Samverkan och samarbetet, eller frånvaro därav, med klassläraren i anslutning till utvecklingssamtalet lyftes även fram som viktigt för upplevelsen av meningsfullhet. I studien framträdde tydligt betydelsen av professionell legitimitet. Fenomenet utvecklingssamtal sågs i sin helhet som något viktigt och en arena där fritidshemspedagoger kan belysa vikten av sitt uppdrag och tilldelas en tydlig och betydelsefull roll i skolans organisation. / The aim of this qualitative study is to examine, from a phenomeographic perspective, the perception of leisure-time centre pedagogues in regards to participation in the parent-teacher appraisal meeting. The study examines variations among this perception based on the sense of purpose expressed by the pedagogues. Pedagogues working in the Stockholm region were interviewed, the data later categorized and analyzed in accordance with the methods of phenomenography. Results showed that the pedagogues viewed their participation as important primarily for the chance to present their appraisal of pupils´ social development. This was described in unison as the most important task of the leisure-time centre for school-children. Variations appeared in multiple descriptive categories. Collaboration, or the lack thereof, with the classroom-teacher at the time of the appraisal meeting was also seen as an important factor to render purpose. The study clearly showed the importance of professional legitimacy. The phenomenon parent-teacher appraisal meeting as a whole was seen as an important field for leisure-time pedagogues to present the importance of their work, one in which they can possess a clear and purposeful role in school organization.