This thesis examines how clauses containing variants of fuck are translated to Swedish subtitles in HBO’s The Wire. The aim is to explore what words are used in the translations, as well as to discern whether or not any discrepancies occur between the source language and target language clauses. The main tool to discern the differences between the original and translated clauses is Appraisal Theory, with a focus on the subsystems Attitude and Graduation. Appraisal Theory aids in this case to discern in what way the discrepancies between the source language clause, and the target language clause, manifest themselves. To deepen the examination of the discrepancies, offensiveness is also considered in the analysissince fuck is a swear word. The analysis shows that most discrepancies occur when fuck is used figuratively either as a verb or an adjective. The clearest discrepancy of the two is shownin clauses containing the adjective fucking, due to the number of cases when the target language clause did not feature an adjective, and thus, did not feature a corresponding swear word. Aspects of either attitude, graduation or offensiveness are at times sacrificed to maintain semantics, as well as to stay within the logistical limitations of audiovisual translation.

No

Denna studie undersöker tre medborgares inställning till Lantmäteriet under mejlväxling om ett namnförslag initierat av medborgaren. Syftet är att fylla kunskapsluckan om medborgarnas kommunikation till myndigheter genom att undersöka hur medborgare och myndigheter kommunicerar över mejl och om medborgarens inställning till Lantmäteriet kan påverkas av Lantmäteriets språkbruk. Det görs genom att undersöka dialogiska och värderande strategier utifrån appraisalramverket. Studien utgår från Martin och Whites (2005) appraisalramverk som är av den systemisk-funktionella skolan och har en konstruktivistisk språksyn. Genom det analyseras mejlväxlingen utifrån ramverkets tre delsystem: dialogicitetssystemet, attitydsystemet och graderingssystemet. Då likande studie inte tidigare utförts tar undersökningen avstamp i studier ur ett bredare språkvetenskapligt perspektiv om myndighetskommunikation (Johanssons (2024) samtalsanalytiska studie och Lind Palickis (2010) kritisk diskursanalytiska studie) och ett tvärvetenskapligt perspektiv (Brezzi m.fl. (2021) om medborgares förtroende till myndigheter). Resultatet visar att medborgare uppvisar en negativ inställning till Lantmäteriet efter att ha blivit framställda på ett sätt de inte accepterar, exempelvis när Lantmäteriet framställer dem som drivna av en personlig koppling till namnet snarare än att bidra till det immateriella kulturarvet. Lantmäteriet har dock möjlighet att återupprätta den positiva inställningen om myndigheten korrekt identifierar problemet och anpassar sin vidare kommunikation för att framställa medborgaren som den önskar. Det visar också att inställningen syns i negativa och positiva bedömningar och uppskattningar enligt appraisalramverket och att alla bedömningar inte framställs lika problematiska. Utifrån undersökningen framgår det att Lantmäteriets språkbruk påverkar medborgarens inställning till myndigheten och att inställningen kan skönjas genom de dialogiska och värderande strategier som medborgaren använder i sina mejl.

Föreliggande uppsats behandlar debatten om hur den svenska skolan ska evidensbaseras på bästa sätt. Olika former av evidensdefinitioners lämplighet för tillämpning inom utbildningsområdet utgör således fokus i uppsatsen och undersöks med hjälp av två svenska tvärvetenskapliga antologier och en svensk fenomenologisk doktorsavhandling. Huvudsakligt fokus läggs på utrönandet av det så kallade Cochrane-formatets lämplighet. Detta som en följd av att dess evidensdefinition förfäktas av OECD, en inflytelserik part i debatten, och att det visat sig vara en populär evidensdefinition hos politiska makthavare, bl. a. i Danmark. Utrönandet av Cochrane-formatets lämplighet för utbildningsområdet inleds genom en redogörelse för hur Cochrane-formatet växt fram som ett svar på bristen av metodologisk stringens inom sjukvården, en brist som äldre metoder, så som registerstudier och klinisk epidemiologi, visat sig inkapabla att hantera. Därefter definieras särarten i Cochrane-formatets evidensdefinition; randomiserade kliniska prövningar och metaanalyser och systematiska översikter av dessa. Dess lämplighet undersöks sedermera utifrån tre lämplighetskategorier; ändamålsenlighet, implementerbarhet och trovärdighet. Undersökningen visar på att betydande problematik föreligger i relation till Cochrane-formatets lämplighet för det svenska utbildningsområdet. Detta främst som en följd av dess reduktionistiska fokus på metodologisk stringens. Uppsatsen redogör för, och problematiserar, efter detta den mångfald av alternativa evidensdefinitioner som uppstått som ett svar på kraven på evidensbaserad praktik. Också denna mångfald av alternativ visar sig uppbära betydande problem. Detta främst som en följd av dess ambivalenta fokus på praktisk relevans. Efter detta undersöks litteraturens förslag på lösningar på Cochrane-formatets reduktionism och ambivalensen i mångfalden av alternativa evidensdefinitioner, vilka visar sig landa i en uppfattning om att problemet ska lösas genom en balansakt mellan metodologisk stringens och praktisk relevans genom modifierade varianter av critical appraisal som möjliggör ett beaktande av för- och nackdelar i den professionella praktiken. Slutligen diskuteras rimligheten i litteraturens resonemang och följderna av dess begränsningar. I diskussionen framställs själva idén om konkreta och enkla evidensdefinitioner som den faktor som förhindrar framväxten av den evidensbaserade skolan. Utifrån detta landar uppsatsen slutligen i en slutsats om att det finns ett behov av blocköverskridande politisk enighet i relation till skolan samt tvärvetenskapliga samarbeten mellan forskningsparadigm och yrkesverksamma lärare i syfte att utarbeta möjligheter för lärare att evidensbasera sitt arbete utifrån dess kontextuella förutsättningar, oberoende av de ideologiska och paradigmatiska maktförhållanden som råder.

Der Inselstaat Fidschi im Südpazifik hat ein ausgeprägtes Landwirtschaftliches Wissenssystem mit einer Reihe privater und staatlicher Institutionen. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung standen die staatlichen Agrarforschungs- und Beratungsabteilungen des Landwirtschaftsministeriums. Mit einem partizipativen Aktionsforschungsansatz wurde untersucht, welchen Beitrag partizipative Methoden zur Verbesserung des Informationsflusses zwischen Bauern und dem Ministerium leisten können, um damit eine systematische Integration der Probleme der Bauern im Wissenssystem zu erreichen. Weiterhin wurde erhoben, welchen Beitrag Plattformen für eine effizientere Arbeit im Ministerium leisten können. Partizipative Methoden (PRA) erwiesen sich als sehr geeignet den Dialog mit den Bauern zu fördern und deren Probleme zu analysieren. Neben den Problemen konnten auch die Potenziale der Betriebe und bäuerliche Lösungsvorschläge gut erfasst werden. Als Ergebnis wurde eine Modell zur systematischen Problemerfassung und Bestimmung von Forschungs- und Beratungsprioritäten erarbeitet. Der Trainingskurs in partizipativen Methoden zeigte folgende Stärken der lokalen Mitarbeiter auf: Organisieren von Untersuchungen, Anwendung partizipativer Methoden im Feld, praktische Implementierung, Visualisierung und Präsentation von Untersuchungsergebnissen. Schwachpunkte wurden hingegen in folgenden Bereichen festgestellt: konzeptionelles Denken, Interpretation und Auswertung der Daten sowie der schriftlichen Abfassung von Ergebnissen. Diese Defizite im konzeptionellen Bereich schränken das mit den Methoden erreichbare Problemlösungspotenzial ein. Weiterbildung der Mitarbeiter und eine Verbesserung der lokalen Agrarausbildung werden benötigt, um das Niveau der wissenschaftlichen Ausbildung anzuheben. Die Untersuchung von vier Projekten zeigte, dass diese als Plattformen gut zur Innovationsentwicklung und eingeschränkt zu deren Verbreitung geeignet waren. Eine ausgewogene Beteiligung aller Akteure zeichnete die erfolgreichste Plattform aus. Als Stärken des Plattformmodells konnten festgehalten werden: bessere Koordination, verbesserte Verbindungen und Schnittstellen, bessere Zusammenarbeit aller Akteure, bessere Aussichten gesetzte Ziele zu erreichen, Vermeidung von Doppelforschung und eine effiziente Ausnutzung der vorhandenen Ressourcen. Schwächen des Modells wurden in folgenden Punkten gesehen: Konsenserzielung, institutionelle Akzeptanz und Mangel an entsprechend ausgebildeten Fachkräften im Ministerium. Drei Jahre nach Beginn der Trainingsmaßnahmen konnte eine teilweise Institutionalisierung von partizipativen Methoden im Ministerium festgestellt werden. Zur weiteren Konsolidierung partizipativer Methoden und Plattformen wird eine Linkage-Abteilung empfohlen. / The small Island country Fiji has an articulated agricultural knowledge system with private and public institutions. The agricultural research and extension departments of the Ministry of Agriculture are the focus of this study. A participatory action research methodology was used to investigate the potential of participatory methods and to improve information flows between farmers and the Ministry in order to achieve a systematic Integration of farmers' problems into the knowledge system. Furthermore, the potential of platforms in improvement of the efficiency of work in the Ministry was studied. Participatory methods proved suitable in improving the dialog with farmers and the analysis of their problems. Besides this, farmers potentials and their ideas for solutions could be assessed. As a result, a model for the systematic compilation of farmers' problems and respective research and extension priorities could be elaborated. The training course on participatory methods revealed the following strength of Ministry staff: organising surveys, field use of tools, presentation and visualisation of findings. Conceptual thinking, analytical skills, interpretation, and report writing skills were identified as weaknesses. These deficits restrict the problem solving potential of participatory methods in the Ministry. Further education of Ministry staff and revised curricula at the local agricultural colleges will be required, to raise the overall level of scientific education. Four projects that were studied as cases for platforms, revealed that platforms were suitable means for promoting innovation development and somewhat less successful for the diffusion of findings. The most successful platform was characterised by a balanced contribution and participation of all actors involved. Strengths of the platform model were identified as such: better co-ordination, improved linkages, better interplay of actors, better means to reach goals, reduced duplication of efforts, and better use of resources. Weaknesses were seen in the need to achieve consensus and co-ordination, the weakening of hierarchical authority due to increased flexibility, and the fact that experienced-trained staff were not available in abundance in the Ministry. Three years after the first introduction of participatory methods in the Ministry, a partial institutionalisation could be observed. For the further consolidation of participatory methods and platforms, a linkage unit for further promotion is recommended.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-24T14:10:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Prujá.pdf: 3457554 bytes, checksum: c30ff99daedc1326eb7fcfa0181a4536 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-24T14:10:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Prujá.pdf: 3457554 bytes, checksum: c30ff99daedc1326eb7fcfa0181a4536 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é discutir de que forma o Design Estratégico pode contribuir para evitar as experiências negativas relacionadas à comunicação verbal de estrangeiros não falantes da Língua Portuguesa no território brasileiro. O objeto de pesquisa é caracterizado pela oferta de turismo, considerando a sua afinidade de objeto de oferta como um Sistema Produto (que é o objeto de projeto do Design Estratégico), somado a sua característica como oferta mercadológica de experiência. Neste contexto, propõe-se um Sistema Produto Experiencial (SPE), um objeto de projeto que consiste na elaboração de uma oferta sistêmica entre produto, serviço, comunicação e distribuição, focada na experiência do usuário. Sua base encontra-se, além do Design Estratégico, na abordagem do Design e Emoção (uma abordagem focada no design para experiência através da análise das emoções do usuário). Para a elaboração do proposto SPE, foi estruturada uma pesquisa quantitativa ex-post-facto, com o objetivo de identificar os contextos em que os estrangeiros vivenciaram experiências negativas na comunicação verbal, mensurar a valência emocional dessas experiências negativas, e compreender sobre as suas causas. A análise deste diagnóstico sobre a experiência do usuário permitiu elaborar um conjunto de diretrizes projetuais para a discussão do potencial que um SPE oferece para evitar as experiências negativas deste público pesquisado. Conclui-se que a análise da experiência do usuário, materializada no SPE, ou seja, um sistema de oferta formulada pela estratégia de design focado na experiência do usuário, pode contribuir para evitar experiências negativas no contexto dos estrangeiros pesquisados. / This dissertation aims to discuss how the Strategic Design can help to avoid the negative experiences related to foreigners verbal communication who do not speak the Portuguese language in Brazil. The object of research is based on the tourism provision due to its affinity with the Product Service System (which is the project object of Strategic Design), plus its characteristic as marketing offer experience. In this context, it is proposed an Experiential Product Service System (EPSS), which is an object of design that consists in developing a systemic offer of product, service, communication and distribution, focused on the user's experience. Its basis, beyond the Strategic Design, is found in an approach focused on Design and Emotion (a focused approach to design for experience by analyzing the user's emotions). For the elaboration of the EPSS, a quantitative research ex-post-facto has been structured, in order to identify the contexts in which foreigners have faced negative experiences in verbal communication, measure the emotional valence of these negative experiences, and understand its causes. The analysis of this diagnosis on the user's experience, enabled to develop a set of project design guidelines for the discussion of the potential that an EPSS provides to avoid the negative experiences of the searched public. It has been concluded that the analysis of the user's experience, embodied in the EPSS, that is, a system formulated by offering design strategy focused on user's experience, can contribute to avoid negative experiences in the context of foreigners surveyed.

市場比較法估價過程需要經比較、分析及調整三階段，而估價師於個別估價應用中因缺乏標準化依據，造成估價過程常被質疑過於主觀且偏重經驗法則，導致估價結果產生因人而異現象。基於此本研究乃建立大量估價模型，運用估價師進行市場比較法行為邏輯，在選取比較案例階段採用明科斯基距離概念，並結合特徵價格理論，建立大量樣本的客觀標準化估價模型。藉由此模型分析，估價師不需要主觀預測，可改善過去估價結果不一致情形，並達到大量估價目的。 透過隨機抽樣的重覆實驗，實證結果發現，以模型的平均百分比預測誤差與命中率比較，整體而言未劃分次市場估價模型皆較劃分次市場準確，且其穩定度亦較高，而劃分次市場較不準確的原因，在於舊市區的表現不穩定，與市郊區的估值表現較差所致。經本研究結果，不論劃分次市場與否，標準化大量估價模型大致上均達到研究預設水準，然劃分次市場模型雖有時較準確但未優於未分區模型甚多，顯示適當劃分次市場可提高準確度，但資料太少時，劃分次市場可能產生統計偏誤問題。 / The process of the market comparative approach includes three stages：comparing ,analyzing and adjusting. Real estate appraisers lack the standardized basis in the individual appraisal application, so they are often challenged by subjectivity and stressing experience, which leads to the phenomenon that appraisal results are always different from person to person. Based on this, our research establishes the automated valuation methods. By applying the appraisers’ behavior in market comparative approach, we use minkowski metric in selecting comparative subject, and associate with hedonic price theory to establish objective standardized real estate appraisal model. By using this model, the appraisers can avoid subjective forecasting, reduce inconsistency, and therefore achieve the goal of mass appraisal. Through the repetition experiment of random sampling, we compare MAPE and Hit-rate between models. The result shows that non-delimited markets are more accurate and stable than delimited markets. The reason for this is the instability caused by older district of the city and bad performance in the suburban area. After these findings, no matter delimited market or not, the standardized mass appraisal model achieved the research standard we had set in advance. Sometimes the model of delimited market is more accurate, though not by a significant amount, it shows that higher accuracy can be expected through adequate market segmentation, but will lead to bias when lack of datum.

The purpose of this study was to investigate educator perceptions of the implementation of Integrated Quality Management Systems (IQMS) in Further Education and Training (FET) Colleges in South Africa. Quality in education is presently put more firmly on the agenda not withstanding the fact that a vast range of literature is available to support the process of improving the quality in education. The department of education has made many attempts to introduce an effective appraisal system in support of quality education only to find that the previous appraisal systems were rejected by the educator force for the mere fact that it was perceived as a form of inspection and supervision rather than for development purposes. This study also focuses on a review of the integrated quality management system (IQMS), of its purpose, guidelines and its subsequent implementation in FET colleges in South Africa in 2004. The primary focus of the discussion is on the processes, the methods, the guiding principles and the pitfalls of the implementation of quality management systems in educational organizations To guide this discussion literature reviews on quality, quality education, quality management and quality management systems were undertaken. The empirical study entailed gleaning information from a structured questionnaire which was distributed to a sample group of lecturers at Sedibeng College for FET in the Gauteng Province. The questions were structured in a manner to gain information about the understanding of the operational principles of quality management, the aims and guiding principles of IQMS, the importance of quality control and the external relationships of the college. The major finding emanating from this study was that there was a need for intensive training in IQMS, thus a management's strategy for ensuring that IQMS is effectively implemented was proposed. The overall recommendation arising from this study includes ensuring that management designs a quality manual to guide the process of quality assurance. / Thesis (M.Ed. (Education Management))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.

The purpose of this study was to investigate educator perceptions of the implementation of Integrated Quality Management Systems (IQMS) in Further Education and Training (FET) Colleges in South Africa. Quality in education is presently put more firmly on the agenda not withstanding the fact that a vast range of literature is available to support the process of improving the quality in education. The department of education has made many attempts to introduce an effective appraisal system in support of quality education only to find that the previous appraisal systems were rejected by the educator force for the mere fact that it was perceived as a form of inspection and supervision rather than for development purposes. This study also focuses on a review of the integrated quality management system (IQMS), of its purpose, guidelines and its subsequent implementation in FET colleges in South Africa in 2004. The primary focus of the discussion is on the processes, the methods, the guiding principles and the pitfalls of the implementation of quality management systems in educational organizations To guide this discussion literature reviews on quality, quality education, quality management and quality management systems were undertaken. The empirical study entailed gleaning information from a structured questionnaire which was distributed to a sample group of lecturers at Sedibeng College for FET in the Gauteng Province. The questions were structured in a manner to gain information about the understanding of the operational principles of quality management, the aims and guiding principles of IQMS, the importance of quality control and the external relationships of the college. The major finding emanating from this study was that there was a need for intensive training in IQMS, thus a management's strategy for ensuring that IQMS is effectively implemented was proposed. The overall recommendation arising from this study includes ensuring that management designs a quality manual to guide the process of quality assurance. / Thesis (M.Ed. (Education Management))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.

有云：「他山之石，可以攻錯。」從西方國家經驗可知，政府績效評估對於提昇行政效率、節省行政成本發揮了極其重要的作用，成為政府改革最重要的工具。法務部為發揮政風單位功能，提昇整體政風工作績效，遂推動實施「政風機構績效評比要點」，該績效評比，如從正面角度，固可激勵單位及人員士氣，提昇組織績效，然亦可能因政風單位「分散設置，集中管理」之特殊屬性而帶來若干的負面影響。 我國政風單位在貪瀆預防與肅貪工作上係以「預防重於查處」為主要工作原則之一。一方面，貪瀆犯罪本身具隱性特質，而政風單位亦因本身組織功能與角色定位欠缺明確，以致於在過於抽象的法定職掌下，某些績效甚難單純以量化數據展現實質工作成效，從績效評比呈現數字以觀，雖然洋洋洒洒，極為亮眼，但數字背後績效好壞，則甚難論斷，頗為吊詭。另方面，政風人員在機關工作績效往往須視機關首長臉色及業務單位配合與否，一旦爆發社會矚目重大政風案件，更備受輿論、民意機關及社會大眾質疑，甚至政風人員本身亦有諸多眥言與批評，顯示評比制度本身的確存在討論與改進空間，實值得深入檢討釐清。 本研究係透過對臺北市政府政風人員進行個案實證研究，期盼瞭解該評比制度推動以來，政風人員對「制度設計合理性、公平性」、「提昇組織績效與激勵士氣等回饋功能」、「主觀上有何評價或感受認知程度」以及「實施成效」的看法，經由資料整合、統計分析、闡釋與推論之後，希冀提出切合實際問題與符合事實需要之具體發現與建議，使理論與實務能相互結合運用，作為主管機關法務部改進是項評比制度之參考。 本研究經由前面之研究結果，計有以下之研究發現： 一、在制度設計方面 （一）推動績效評估依據過於薄弱，有待提高法源位階。 （二）角色定位多元，推動工作力有未逮。 （三）所在機關環境特性不一，欲求一體適用有其困難。 （四）組織願景、策略績效目標與衡量指標的連結程度仍待加強。 （五）評估方法與工具未因時因地制宜，造成績效衡量與管理上困難。 （六）評比內容未適度簡化，無法撙節人力資源做妥適運用。 （七）獎懲設計不足，難以落實重獎重懲目的，制度推動受人質疑。 二、在實務運作方面 （一）績效評估不易，難達公平要求。 （二）訓練宣導不足，難以爭取內外部顧客認同。 （三）未落實執行績效衡量指標，有流於形式或官樣文章之虞。 （四）欠缺彈性，未放寬並授與各政風單位自訂指標項目或選擇指標項目。 （五）評估結果僅與考績連結，未擴及職務陞遷及生涯發展訓練。 （六）評比制度淪於形式，應研議重新設計一個可行制度。 本研究根據以上之研究發現，提出建議如下： 一、在制度之變革方面 （一）定量評估及質化評估宜同時兼顧。 （二）加強評比制度之宣導訓練，促使各層級政風單位環環相扣。 （三）建立客觀評估機制，並結合多元評估方式，強化評比公平性。 （四）業務項目及內容應進一步整合及簡化，策略目標與績效衡量指標之訂定應配合機關任務。 （五）考評制度之落實，須與激勵制度配合，獎勵方式則可彈性運用。 二、在回饋之功能方面 （一）落實所有政風人員之參與。 （二）主管勤加溝通並傳達正面樂觀訊息。 （三）建立管理者與被管理者之共識，發揮引導功能，促使組織與個人目標趨向一致。 （四）納入員工訓練學習內容或知識管理 / There is a saying “The stones of those hills may be used to polish gems”, meaning that another's good quality or suggestion whereby one can remedy one's own defects. The experience of western countries tells us that the performance appraisal in government organizations has exerted a substantial effect on promoting administration efficiency and reducing administrative expenditure so that it has become the significant tool of the government in many needed reforms. In order to effectively perform the function of the department of civil service ethics and to achieve a higher degree of work efficiency, the Ministry of Justice has launched to enforce the Organization Achievements Comparison and Appraisal Main Points of the Government Employee Ethics Units. The implementation of the performance appraisal can undoubtedly encourage the morale of the units and their employees and further promote the efficiency of the organization while it may bring some of the negative effects due to the distinctive characteristics of dispersed establishment and centralized management of the department of civil service ethics. “Prevention is prior to investigation and punishment” is one of the major working principles of the department of civil service ethics in Taiwan in implementing corruption prevention and eliminating corruption. On the one hand, as a result of a recessive trait of the corrupt offense and an unclear and indefinite organizational function and role orientation, the department of civil service ethics running under no concrete specifications for its duties is really unable to create efficiency simply depending on quantitative data in some ways. The performance appraisal may be basically made according to the data presented, but it cannot be directly interpreted as an ideal data presentation equaling a good work performance. On the other hand, the work performance of government ethics officials is primarily subject to the preference of their superiors and the cooperation of the business unit. Aside from the above-mentioned, when a serious corruption affair is uncovered, the public opinion, a doubt from advocacy groups and mass society, and colleagues’ criticism will also influence the performance appraisal of the alleged government ethics officials. This shows that there is a needed improvement in the appraisal system, and it is necessary to have an in-depth review and discussion. This paper is to engage in an empirical study on the government ethics officials serving in Taipei City Government for the purpose of understanding their opinions towards “Rational and equitable system design”, “Feedback function helping promote organization efficiency and encouraging its morale”, “Cognition degree for subjective judgment or perception” and “Enforcement effectiveness” when the appraisal system was launched in expectation of making concrete proposals through data integration, statistics and analysis, and empirically grounded explanation and conclusion that not only can hit the nail on the head and meet the need but also can realize a theoretical and practical combination and application to serve as reference of the Ministry of Justice while they are engaging in an improvement program of the appraisal system. The findings of this study are elaborated below: 1. System Design 1) It is necessary to upgrade the hierarchy of law so that there is a more persuadable foundation to support the development of performance appraisal. 2) The orientation of a diverse role has resulted in failure to make an all-out effort in promotion work. 3) It is difficult to apply one standardized system to different types of government organizations and environments. 4) There is a needed improvement in the connection among organizational perspective, strategical efficiency target and measurement index. 5) A rigid appraisal method and tool has resulted in the difficulties of performance measurement and management. 6) The simplified appraisal contents are needed to achieve the streamlining human resources. 7) A doubt for developing the system while an inadequate design of rewards and punishments is hindering it from being carried out. 2. Practical Operation 1) To conduct the performance appraisal is not an easy thing and to make it fair is harder. 2) Inadequate training and propagation made it difficult for winning interior and exterior customers’ recognition. 3) Without exactly fulfilling the performance measurement index, the work of the performance appraisal turns out to be a mere formality. 4) A lack of flexibility to relax of restriction for authorizing the units of civil service ethics to set or select their individual index items. 5) The appraisal results can be connected with the merit system only, not extending to position promotion and career development and training. 6) To avoid the current appraisal system from turning out to be a mere formality, it is necessary to discuss how to design a new and feasible system instead of it. The following suggestions are set forth according to the findings stated above. 1. System Reform 1) Quantitative evaluation and qualitative evaluation should be simultaneously considered. 2) To strengthen the propagation and training of the appraisal system for the purpose of establishing a close link between all levels of the units of civil service ethics. 3) To establish an objective appraisal mechanism that combines diverse evaluation methods and puts emphasis on the fairness of reasonable appraisals. 4) To integrate and simplify business items and contents, and to draw up strategic targets and performance measurement index that correspond with organizational tasks. 5) A practicable performance appraisal system should be carried out in conjunction with the incentive system in a flexible application of rewards. 2. Feedback Function 1) To achieve a real participation of all government ethics officials. 2) There is a frequent and fluent communication between supervisor and subordinate to convey positive and optimistic information. 3) To establish a common consensus between supervisor and employee to bring the organizational and individual goals to become identical. 4) The employee training and learning contents or knowledge management should be subsumed.