<p>Medicinsk abort innebär avbrytande av graviditet på farmakologisk väg, det kan utföras tilloch med nionde graviditetsveckan. Hemabort innebär att kvinnor slutför en medicinsk abort isitt hem, det har varit tillåtet i Sverige sedan 2004. Tidigare studier visar att kvinnor uppleverhemabort som mer naturligt än abort utförd på sjukhus. Stöd kan ses utifrån fyra dimensioner;informativt, instrumentellt, emotionellt och bekräftade. Syftet med studien var att beskrivakvinnors upplevelse av stöd från barnmorskor i samband med medicinsk hemabort. Metodensom använts är kvalitativ innehållsanalys utifrån en induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen har skettgenom en enkät med öppna frågor. Sex kvinnor valde att delta i studien. Resultatet indelades isex kategorier och ett tema. Resultatet visar att även fast kvinnorna upplever utsatthet, är denöjda med det stöd de erbjuds. Kvinnorna känner sig väl informerade, delaktiga och trygga;de uppskattar telefonsamtalet från barnmorska under abortdagen samt att de kan nå sjukhusetdygnet runt.</p> / <p>Medical abortion means termination of pregnancy in a pharmacological way, it can beperformed until the ninth week of pregnancy. Abortion at home means that women completea medical abortion in their homes, it has been allowed in Sweden since 2004. Previous studiesillustrate that women experience abortion at home as more natural than abortion performed athospital. Support can be seen from four different dimensions; informational, instrumental,emotional and appraisal. The aim of the study was to describe women’s experiences ofsupport from midwives in connection to induced medical abortion at home. The method usedis qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The collecting of data has beenmade through a questionnaire with open questions. Six women chose to participate in thestudy. The result was divided into six categories and one theme. The result shows that eventhough the women feel vulnerable, they are satisfied with the support they are offered. Thewomen feel that they are well informed, involved and safe; they appreciate the call from themidwife during the day of the abortion, also that the hospital can be reached day and night.</p>

Background: Abortion implies that the pregnancy is interrupted. According to the World Health Organization approximately 46 million induced abortions are carried out each year. Different methods of abortion can be used such as medical and surgical methods. The medical method especially affects a nurse’s experience of the procedure. Most likely, a woman undergoes the abortion process only once in her lifetime, while the nurse may face the experience several times a week. Induced abortion can be morally difficult for nurses and can generate ethical dilemmas between the woman´s right and the fetus value of protection. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe nurses experiences when they participate in the implementation of induced abortion. Method: A literature review has been conducted, where ten caring sciences articles were studied. The articles were all of qualitative design. Results: The analyses of the results were divided into two themes: nurses approaches to abortion. Feelings that could occur in relation to abortions were guilt, shock, fear, anger and sadness.  Most nurses used self-preservation to shut out emotions. The most demanding and challenging situations. All nurses were affected emotionally, especially in relation to repeated and late abortions. It could also occur an ethical conflict between a woman´s right and the fetus value of protection. It was therefore important for the nurses to have the opportunity to discuss and reflect on their experiences. Discussions: The discussion addressed: feelings associated with late and repeated abortions as the nurses need support to care for women undergoing an abortion. The results were discussed in relation to Jean Watson theory of nursing. / Bakgrund: Abort innebär att havandeskapet avbryts. Enligt World Health Organization genomförs cirka 46 miljoner inducerade aborter årligen. Det kan användas olika tillvägagångssätt vid abort så som medicinska och kirurgiska metoder. Den medicinska metoden har en påverkbar faktor på sjuksköterskors upplevelser. Kvinnan kanske genomgår denna abortprocess endast en gång under sin livstid, medan sjuksköterskorna genomgår det flertalet gånger i veckan. Dessa situationer kan vara moraliskt svåra för sjuksköterskorna och kan skapa ett etiskt dilemma mellan kvinnans rättigheter och fostrets skyddsvärde. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser när de medverkar vid genomförandet av inducerad abort. Metod: En litteraturöversikt har genomförts, där tio vårdvetenskapliga artiklar har använts. Samtliga av dessa var av kvalitativ design. Resultat: Analysen av resultatet delades in i två teman: sjuksköterskors förhållningssätt till abort. Känslor som kunde uppstå i relation till aborten var skuld, chock, skräck, ilska och sorg. Flertalet sjuksköterskor använde sig av självbevarelsedrift för att utestänga känslor. Särskilt påfrestande och utmanande situationer. Alla sjuksköterskor påverkades känslomässigt, särskilt vid återkommande och sena aborter. Det kunde även uppstå en etisk konflikt mellan kvinnans rättighet och fostrets skyddsvärde. Det var viktigt för sjuksköterskorna att få möjlighet att diskutera och reflektera sina erfarenheter sinsemellan. Diskussion: Det som togs upp i diskussionen var känslor förknippat med sena och återkommande aborter samt sjuksköterskors behov av stöd när de vårdar kvinnan som genomgår abort. Resultatet diskuterades i relation till Jean Watsons omvårdnadsteori.

This dissertation examines the creation and development of the United States government's Title X family planning program from 1965 to 1988. It argues that Title X became controversial when its supporters shifted their focus from promoting family self-sufficiency to celebrating individual reproductive freedom. The new individualist arguments profoundly threatened many Americans who wanted government policy to support the patriarchal nuclear family. Support for federally-subsidized family planning programs in the 1960s rested on an ideology of nuclear family economic independence. Advocates reasoned that birth control services would enable poor Americans, especially African-Americans, to have children only within stable, self-sufficient marriages. Using these arguments, family planning advocates developed nearly-unanimous support for family planning programs among federal policymakers. In the early 1970s, though, family planning supporters embraced feminist and anti-racist critiques of their earlier ideas, leading them to promote subsidized family planning as a route to individual women’s reproductive freedom. In turn, the dissertation examines the growth of the New Right in reaction to the new liberal focus on individual freedom. While some dissenters had opposed family planning programs in the 1960s, this opposition mushroomed in the 1970s as opponents identified Title X as a threat to the family. Family planning opponents focused on two aspects of subsidized birth control programs that endangered the patriarchal nuclear family: abortion and teenagers’ access to contraception. Both of these issues jeopardized the husband’s and father’s authority over his dependents. In addition, opponents claimed that federal government spending on Title X overused their tax dollars, compromising their own ability to be self-sufficient and, thus, the survival of their own independent nuclear families. As a result, they mobilized in opposition to Title X in the 1970s and 1980s. The dissertation uses a wide variety of archival materials, government documents, and published sources to document the trajectory of debates over federally-funded family planning programs / History

Background: According to the Swedish Social Board induced abortions are increasing in the modern day society. Nurses who work with in the gynecological department can come across patients seeking care for an induced abortion. Theoretical framework: The findings of the study will be discussed in relation to Peplau's nursing theory, ethical concepts and nursing concepts. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to illuminate the experiences of nurses working with induced abortion. Method: A systematic literature review with an inductive approach was chosen. The findings are based on seven qualitative and two quantitative studies. The articles were assessed through two different modified templates based on qualitative or quantitative design. Findings: Nurses and midwives experienced their work with induced abortions as emotionally stressful. However, it was highlighted that all women have the right whether to choose abortion or to proceed with the pregnancy. Difficulties were identified in coping with abortion work. Such difficulties could easily occur when ethical dilemmas were caused by religion, personal values and experiences. Several coping strategies were identified. However, nurses and midwives aired their views concerning the need of more support from colleagues and the department head. Conclusion: It is clear that nurses are in need of assistance in various forms to ventilate and manage their emotions, in order to promote the professional approach and be able to offer a patient-centered care.

Medicinsk abort innebär avbrytande av graviditet på farmakologisk väg, det kan utföras tilloch med nionde graviditetsveckan. Hemabort innebär att kvinnor slutför en medicinsk abort isitt hem, det har varit tillåtet i Sverige sedan 2004. Tidigare studier visar att kvinnor uppleverhemabort som mer naturligt än abort utförd på sjukhus. Stöd kan ses utifrån fyra dimensioner;informativt, instrumentellt, emotionellt och bekräftade. Syftet med studien var att beskrivakvinnors upplevelse av stöd från barnmorskor i samband med medicinsk hemabort. Metodensom använts är kvalitativ innehållsanalys utifrån en induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen har skettgenom en enkät med öppna frågor. Sex kvinnor valde att delta i studien. Resultatet indelades isex kategorier och ett tema. Resultatet visar att även fast kvinnorna upplever utsatthet, är denöjda med det stöd de erbjuds. Kvinnorna känner sig väl informerade, delaktiga och trygga;de uppskattar telefonsamtalet från barnmorska under abortdagen samt att de kan nå sjukhusetdygnet runt. / Medical abortion means termination of pregnancy in a pharmacological way, it can beperformed until the ninth week of pregnancy. Abortion at home means that women completea medical abortion in their homes, it has been allowed in Sweden since 2004. Previous studiesillustrate that women experience abortion at home as more natural than abortion performed athospital. Support can be seen from four different dimensions; informational, instrumental,emotional and appraisal. The aim of the study was to describe women’s experiences ofsupport from midwives in connection to induced medical abortion at home. The method usedis qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The collecting of data has beenmade through a questionnaire with open questions. Six women chose to participate in thestudy. The result was divided into six categories and one theme. The result shows that eventhough the women feel vulnerable, they are satisfied with the support they are offered. Thewomen feel that they are well informed, involved and safe; they appreciate the call from themidwife during the day of the abortion, also that the hospital can be reached day and night.

No description available.

The research is a descriptive study of the unique and diverse experiences of women who terminated their pregnancy according to the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, No 92 of 1996. It traced the psycho-social experiences of the participants from the point of discovery to the actual abortion. The decision to terminate their pregnancy was not an easy one, yet participants chose this plan of action on the basis of their socio-economic circumstances. Moral and financial support was offered to participants from their partners, friends and/or significant others whilst no therapeutic counselling was provided prior to their making the decision to terminate their pregnancy, or the actual termination. Pre-abortion counselling was offered pre-dominantly at private health care institutions whilst none of the health care facilities provided post abortion counselling. Many of the participants had to not only endure the emotional pain of their decision but also the judgmental attitudes of the health care professionals who performed the abortion procedure. Participants were unable to make informed choices regarding the choice of abortion methods. As a result they were also unprepared for the intense physical pain they endured during the procedure. The study used the descriptive research design and a qualitative methodology. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the thirteen participants. Data were obtained through the semi-structured interview schedule. The ages of the participants ranged between 19-31 years. The study concluded that the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, No 92 of 1996 was necessary but that inadequate resources hampered provision of holistic services. In addition the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, No 92 of 1996 does not stipulate that pre and post abortion counselling should be a pre-requisite to access abortion services. This lack of counselling resulted in participants reliance on the medical professionals choice of abortion technique which in most cases was not what participants preferred. This research therefore, advocates the need for medical professionals to provide adequate information to as well as attending to the psycho-social implications for women who request to terminate their pregnancy. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

The German artist Kaethe Kollwitz challenged the cultural constraints placed on women during the Weimar Republic. My thesis analyzes the artwork of Kollwitz and the effects of maternal imagery within the political debates of abortion reform, sexual equality and pacifism in the 1920s and explores historians’ use of the ideas of maternal feminism to understand Kollwitz’s art. I challenge the social constructs of private versus public spheres to illustrate the diversity of experience and the agency of women like Kollwitz who manipulated these spheres. I argue that Kaethe Kollwitz gained a voice within the public domain by creating artwork and imagery that focused on the private sphere. Using these images of motherhood, Kollwitz manipulated gender roles and created new spaces for the female experience in public discourse, particularly regarding maternal feminism, abortion reform, and pacifism.

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze laws that completely prohibit abortion through a legal philosophical perspective. To demonstrate that abortion blanket bans cannot be seen as legally legitimate, the author has completed a literature study where she uses Robert Alexy’s “Concept of Law” to analyze abortion laws both in general, and in Nicaragua in particular. Based upon Alexy’s “Concept of Law” the author has identified three relevant key elements – social efficacy, the argument from injustice and correctness of content - which she uses in her analysis. In order to apply these three elements on the total abortion ban, she then uses four different analysis tools - feminist theory, Human Rights, deontology analysis and right analysis. This has enabled a thorough analysis of the total ban on abortion that has demonstrates that such laws cannot be considered legitimate. By highlighting the human rights violations the law entails, one can conclude that the law has a social impact. Using MacKinnon's theory "experience as a woman" the author had been able to demonstrate how the law should be considered as a gender equality issue, and that it is sexist in nature. Based on the argument from injustice and the legal norms about equal treatment and non-discrimination, the blanket ban can be considered extremely unfair for the women concerned. Based on deontology- and rights analysis, one can conclude that the Catholic Church's stance does not hold for the conservative position that excludes abortion in all circumstances. Thus, the normative arguments from the Christian abortion ethical and conservative position that is basis for the law is not coherent. These three indicators demonstrate that the law in Nicaragua has a social efficacy that is both extremely unfair, violates Human Rights and its application sexist with normative argument and content that is not coherent. It would therefore be entirely justified to thwart the legitimacy of such total abortion ban, as in Nicaragua

<p>It is not possible in this paper to deal with all the moral problems revolving at the &ldquo / beginning&rdquo / and &ldquo / end&rdquo / of human life in the modern world. However, something must be said about the question regarding respect for human life vis-&agrave / -vis abortion and euthanasia, since they are widely discussed today and since they strike at the very heart of traditional morality. The dignity and worth of individual life cannot be derived from analysis of individual life itself. Humanity is not the measure of all things. Whatever value human beings have is strictly transitory unless it is in our relationship to some ultimate source of value outside us. Christian faith understands human value as being established by our relationship with God - a relationship created and given by God himself. It is because we have our being from God and are sustained by God that we can meaningfully affirm the value of individual human life.</p>