Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-12T18:55:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio Gabriele.pdf: 1281603 bytes, checksum: 3c8170f77773637b426fe466cc74c7c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T18:55:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio Gabriele.pdf: 1281603 bytes, checksum: 3c8170f77773637b426fe466cc74c7c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-18 / The present study aims at analyzing the relation involving the judiciary crisis, the access to justice and the notarial protest, proposing a careful thought on each of these issues. At first, it analyses the judiciary crisis rationalizing the fact that this crisis is beyond the judiciary powers, and that it is already involving the State and the society as well, thus one may affirm that the judiciary on its own will not be able to find a solution. Hence, there is the need to search other means to do deal with this issue and especially alternative means for solving conflicts. Secondly, it analyses the crisis of reaching justice, originated by the judiciary crisis itself, it is proposed a re-interpretation of the institute aiming at clarifying the difference between access to justice and access to the judiciary system, taking into consideration the existing alternative means to solve conflicts. At last, it analyses the characteristics and the operation of notarial protest, in order to verify its capacity, as an alternative mean of solving conflicts, thus helping the judiciary system as well as easing the access to justice. In the very end, it presents statistics and data concerning notarial protest in Brazil. It confirms the first hypothesis of this work, which affirms that the protest itself is a great tool in solving conflicts, and one of the consequences of its daily use is the easing of a clogged judiciary system. Combining these thoughts, it is likely to conclude that notarial protest is an effective alternative and sui generis mean of conflict solving. The present study is based on qualitative and quantitative data as well as on previous studies over the subject matter, culminating at its conclusion by an inductive research approach. / O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a relação que pode ser legitimamente estabelecida entre a crise do Judiciário, o acesso à justiça e o protesto notarial, propondo uma reflexão sobre cada um desses três objetos. Primeiramente, analisa-se a crise do Judiciário ponderando que esta transcendeu os limites deste Poder, envolvendo todo o Estado e a Sociedade; assim, considera-se que o Judiciário, por si só, não poderá sanear sua crise devendo-se buscar subsídios em outros seguimentos, dos quais se destacam os meios alternativos para solução de conflitos. Em seguida, analisa-se a crise de acesso à justiça, motivada pela própria crise do Judiciário, e procura-se uma releitura deste instituto a fim de diferenciar o acesso à justiça do acesso ao Judiciário, que, muitas vezes, pode ser propiciado por meios alternativos de solução de conflito. Foram analisadas as características e operacionalidade do protesto notarial, com o propósito de verificar seu potencial enquanto meio alternativo de solução e pacificação de conflitos, socorrendo, assim o Judiciário e o acesso à justiça, e promovendo a desjudicialização de litígios. Por fim, apresenta estatísticas da experiência de protesto no Brasil, as quais confirmam a hipótese deste trabalho, em dizer, ao final que, constitui-se o protesto em importante ferramenta para a solução de conflitos e, por consequência, para desafogar (e agilizar) o Judiciário, perfazendo-se como um método alternativo sui generis de solução de conflitos. O presente trabalho serviu-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e empírica, com estatísticas, utilizando-se do método indutivo.

"It is against this backdrop of unsatisfacotry enforcement of fundamental human rights enshrined in the Constitution that the role of human rights NGOs in Ethiopia should come to the fore. Thus, apart from monitoring violations and conducting legal awareness programs, there is a need for human rights NGOs in Ethiopia to engage in public interest litigation with a view to facilitating the judical enforcement of fundamental rights representing those who, for various reasons, can not access courts. A number of reasons could be provided to justify why the South African system has been chosen for a lesson to Ethiopia. One reason could be the legal framework put in place to address issues of acces to justice in South Africa. Standing is a crucial question in any venture of public interest litigation. Section 38(d) of the South African Constitution entitles anyone acting in the public interest to approach a competent court and seek remedies when they feel that a fundamental right is infringed or threatened. This very liberal approach to standing is not common in many legal systems. For countries like Ethiopia where there is an extremely tight requirement of standing to institute civil proceedings in courts, such a liberal approach could be an inspiration. In addition to the guarantees given by the Constitution, in South Africa there exists a relatively advanced and dynamic system of subsidiary legislation that could facilitate the full utilisation of the constitutionally recognised rights of access to justice. More relevant to this dissertation are the human rights NGOs in South Africa that are engaged in human rights lawyering in general and public interest litigation in particular. Much could be learnt from the experiences of prominent human rights NGOs such as the Legal Resources Centre and Lawyers for Human Rights. In all, Ethiopia, where the activities of human rights NGOs have not yet gone further than the monitoring of violations and fragmented attempts of awareness raising campaigns, could indeed draw lessons from the South African experience in this regard. ... The study has five chapters. The first chapter deals with introductory matters such as objective, methodology and literature survey. In the second chapter, a working definition of the concept of public interest litigation, the rationale behind it, issues such as access to justice and locus standi will be discussed. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of public interest litigation as employed in different legal systems. With a view to providing a broad perspective to the practice the cases of France, the United States and Canada are presented. However, the chapter will focus more on the Indian and South African systems, mainly because of the nature of the problems public interest litigation addresses in the two countries. There will be a fourth chapter dedicated to the examination of the existing legal and institutional framework in Ethiopia in light of the background presented in the previous chapters. The fifth chapter deals with the conclusion and recommendations aimed at pointing out the major lessons to be drawn to introduce public interest litigation in Ethiopia." -- Introduction. / Prepared under the supervision of Professor JR de Ville at the Community Law Centre, Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

<p>Decades and policies come and go, and the ominous problem of corruption remains almost unaltered. Some of the most sought-after policies for corruption deterrence focus on institutional reforms aimed at assuring the right and effective access to information, reinforcing rule of law, tackling impunity, and increasing integrity standards for public servants. The aim of this dissertation is to test whether the impact of these policies over corruption is traceable at the subnational level of mexico and the united states. Seeking to accomplish this purpose, statistics measuring corruption, transparency and relevant variables are analyzed through ols regression and correlation methods. The findings point that spite of the evident benefits of transparency for democratic governance, under the methodology selected and with the ensuing subnational statistics, it is not possible to affirm that corruption is noticeable affected by transparency or integrity variables. Implications of these findings ask for a revision on the manner corruption is measured, and to devise which sort of circumstances bolster or thwart transparency´s prowess to cause a dent over corruption.</p> <p> </p>

La Constitution du Royaume de Thaïlande de 2007 prévoit une refonte des juridictions administratives avec la séparation de la juridiction judiciaire afin d’assurer la protection des libertés du citoyen face à la puissance publique et de réparer les préjudices causés par l'administration. L’accès au prétoire du juge reste subordonné à un ensemble de règles procédurales. Toutefois, la simplicité des règles semble dominer à première vue, puisque suffit une demande écrite, sans l’obligation d’intervention d’un avocat. Ainsi, la procédure inquisitoire confère au juge l'initiative de la poursuite et la recherche des preuves incombe à l’administration.Dans un contexte marqué par un bouleversement des principes régissant l’accès au juge administratif, la question de l’accès au juge rencontre en pratique de nombreuses limitations issues de la multiplication des règles procédurales ainsi que de l’interprétation du juge. Tel est le cas, notamment, ainsi que le démontre cette thèse, des exigences relatives à la qualité, à la capacité à agir du requérant ou du « cercle de l’intérêt ». Cette mise en perspective des aspects fondamentaux et techniques du contentieux administratif thaïlandais a été influencée par des pays occidentaux, comme la France. Cette étude sur les dimensions théoriques et pratiques de l’accès au juge administratif en Thaïlande propose une réflexion sur la situation actuelle et future du contentieux administratif comme garant de l’État de droit. / The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 2007 defines an overhaul of the administrative courts with the separated jurisdictions in order to protect the fundamental rights and freedom of all citizens against the misused of state power, to repair any damages caused by the administration, and to control the legality of administrative acts. Moreover, the regulations on how to bring the cases to courts are simplified into uncomplicated written form and can be conducted without a lawyer. Since in the inquisitorial system lets the judge to gather evidences as to conduct the investigations with the administration.However, there are some restrictions about bringing cases to courts which included the conditions of the applicant's abilities to act and "the circle of interest to sue". This perspective of the fundamental aspects of administrative lawsuit has been influenced by western countries, including France. This research study both the theoretical and practical dimensions on how to bring cases to administrative courts which reflect current and future situation through the analysis of the Thai and French administrative lawsuit systems.

Role of civil associations in environmental protection ABSTARCT (Zusammenfassung) Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Rolle eingetragenen Vereinen im Umweltschutz zu definieren. Eingetragene Vereine sind sog. Non-Profit-Organisationen, die das öffentliche Interesse am Schutz der Umwelt durchsetzen. Um diese Schlüsselfunktion zu erfüllen, müssen die Vereine als gleichberechtigter Partner der Staatsverwaltung betrachten werden. Ihre Hauptaufgaben umfassen vor allem praktische Naturschutz, Bildung und Aufklärung der Öffentlichkeit, Teilnahme an der Gesetzgebung des Umweltrechts als auch die Beteiligung an Entscheidungsverfahren in Umweltangelegenheiten. Alle oben genannten Aufgaben eingetragenen Vereinen im Umweltschutz gehören zum wichtigen Teil der Entwicklung offenen, und demokratischen Gesellschaft. Diese Arbeit besteht aus vier Hauptteilen, die weiter in Kapitel und Unterabschnitte unterteilt sind. Der erste Teil stellt die Einleitung des Themas dar, konzentriert sich auf die allgemeine konzeptionelle Grundlage und enthält drei Kapiteln. Das erste Kapitel widmet sich der Definition einer Non-Profit-Organisation und ihrer Bedeutung im Rechtstaat. Weiter konzentriere mich auf die Rechtsform eingetragenen Vereinen unter Berücksichtigung der Veränderungen des neuen Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches, das das Konzept des...

Esta tese analisa a questão da legitimidade das relações de família que se deslocou do direito positivo para a esfera judicial. Por conseguinte, sob o ângulo da justiça, esse deslocamento possibilitou contemplar alguns dos aspectos da fissura social brasileira que separa os ricos dos pobres, na medida em que a lei passou a reconhecer novas formas de família além daquela constituída pelo casamento civil. Atualmente, a questão social do direito de família revela-se num contexto de reforma do Poder Judiciário, no qual se procura buscar soluções para que as barreiras sociais, econômicas e culturais que impedem o acesso ao direito e à justiça sejam superadas. Logo, neste estudo, impõe-se a questão geral de compreender como públicos distintos percebem seus direitos, procuram exercer sua cidadania e como suas demandas são apresentadas ao Estado. As análises desenvolvidas nesta tese seguem a teoria weberiana do direito e têm por objetivo estudar as diferentes sistematizações legais e as diferentes representações de uma ordem legítima a fim de se verificar como o conjunto de normas de direito se repercute nas condutas sociais. Nesse sentido, examina-se o processo histórico de codificação civil e as transformações do direito de família brasileiro, cujos reflexos são observados a partir da organização da justiça no município de São Paulo (2000-2005). Conclui-se que as demanda de família apresentadas à justiça, na forma de processos judiciais, dependem do perfil socioeconômico dos litigantes: quanto mais baixo o nível socioeconômico, menores são as chances de ingresso nos tribunais. Nesse cenário, as informações a respeito das formas de conjugalidade e do estado civil, bem como os dados referentes aos processos de separação, divórcio, guarda de menores e alimentos, são indicadores da desigualdade de acesso ao direito e à justiça no Brasil. / This thesis analyses the question of legitimacy in family relationships and its relation to judicial proceedings. This question reveals the Brazilian social inequality that became evident when the family law recognized new manners of family constitution other than that based on civil marriage. At present, the question of family law displays in a judiciary transformation context in that new solutions are necessary to overcome the social, economical and cultural barriers that block the access to justice. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to understand how people of different social origins realize their rights, exercise their citizenships and have their expectancies treated by the State. This analysis follows the Weberian theory of law whose objective is to study the different law systematizations and the different representations of the legitimacy in a certain order to verify how the law affects the social order. In this regard, the thesis considers the history of the civil codification and the transformation of the family law, whose consequences have been examined through the justice organization at São Paulo city (2000-2005). In conclusion, the study reveals that the nature of the family claims depends on the claimers socioeconomic status: the less the socioeconomic status, the less are the opportunities to reach the courts. In this context, the information about conjugality and civil status, as well as the information about decisions on divorce, legal separation, custody and alimonies, are indicators about the inequality of access to justice in Brazil.

Os Juizados Especiais Cíveis são atualmente no Brasil a principal experiência para a efetivação do acesso à justiça, constituindo-se em uma via judiciária estatal de baixo custo e fácil acesso aos cidadãos para a solução de seus conflitos e garantia de seus direitos. Pesquisas e levantamentos sobre o desempenho desse modelo indicam que, ao invés de conflitos cotidianos, é cada vez maior a presença de demandas de consumidores contra prestadores de serviço público. A presente dissertação analisa os tipos de autores, reclamados e ações interpostas em três Juizados Especiais Cíveis localizados em regiões de diferentes perfis sócio-econômicos do Município de São Paulo com o objetivo de verificar a presença deste tipo de litígio e a hipótese se esses Juizados tornaram-se de fato um \"balcão de reclamações\" contra a prestação de serviços públicos. / Currently, in Brazil, the Small Claims Courts are the main experience of effectiveness in access to justice. They are state judiciary institutions that offer low costs and easy access to the citizens for the solution of their conflicts and guarantee of their rights. Researches and surveys on this model\'s performance indicate that there is an increasing presence of demands from consumers against private agents that render public services, instead of other daily conflicts. The present study analyzes the types of plaintiffs, defendants and judicial actions in three Small Claims Courts located in regions of different social-economic profiles in São Paulo City. The aim is to verify the presence of this type of litigation and the hypothesis whether these Courts had become in fact a \" claims counter\" against private agents that render public services.

Este trabalho investiga os limites à garantia constitucional do direito de defesa no Brasil, partindo de uma análise do uso do território paulista pela Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo (DPESP), criada em 2006. Uma vez que as defensorias públicas oferecem assistência jurídica gratuita quase que exclusivamente aos pobres, o estudo de seus objetos e ações muito contribui para a compreensão destes limites. Assim, a pesquisa tem como objetivo testar a hipótese de que o uso do território paulista pela DPESP é expressão de como o sistema de justiça brasileiro não tem como prioridade a garantia constitucional do direito de defesa. Partindo de uma discussão teórica sobre a relação entre o território e o setor terciário, além da análise de uma série de mapas, o trabalho mostra como a localização das 41 unidades de atendimento da DPESP constitui um primeiro obstáculo ao acesso: na maior parte dos municípios atendidos, as unidades localizam-se nas áreas centrais enquanto os pobres habitam as periferias urbanas. Os deslocamentos representam um custo maior justamente para aqueles que mais necessitam dos serviços. A investigação em cada um dos municípios revela também a insuficiência no número de defensores. Ultrapassando a questão das localizações, a pesquisa analisa ainda os problemas estruturais, evidenciando que o sistema capitalista produz pobreza e concentração de renda, o Estado atende prioritariamente aos interesses empresariais e a justiça concentra seus esforços na garantia da ordem necessária aos negócios. Neste sentido, além de uma abordagem teórica a respeito do capitalismo, do Estado e da justiça, o trabalho recorre a dados empíricos do estado de São Paulo para evidenciar a produção estrutural de pobreza e a seletividade das ações estatais. Para teste da hipótese, são analisados igualmente os aspectos históricos da estruturação do direito na sociedade capitalista, destacando sua importância específica para a garantia dos interesses comerciais. Além disso, fundamentandose em pesquisa bibliográfica, a investigação sobre as origens dos serviços de assistência jurídica gratuita e da criação das defensorias públicas revela como estes são o resultado de difíceis embates políticos e que sua existência não é uma consequência natural do sistema legal pensado pelos ideólogos iluministas. A principal conclusão deste trabalho é que as dificuldades hoje enfrentadas pelas defensorias são, em grande medida, a expressão de uma estrutura social produtora de desigualdades e seletiva na aplicação da justiça. Neste sentido, a solução do problema do acesso à justiça aos mais pobres não se esgota na expansão dos serviços das defensorias. Este é apenas o começo, a partir do qual as desigualdades podem se tornar mais evidentes e as pessoas mais conscientes e exigentes de transformações sociais profundas. / This paper investigates the limits to the constitutional guarantee of the right of defence in Brazil, starting from an analysis of the use of territory by the Public Defender\'s Office from São Paulo (DPESP), established in 2006, in the state of São Paulo. Once the public defenders provide free legal assistance almost exclusively to the poor, the study of their objects and actions could contribute to the understanding of these limits. The research will test the hypothesis that the use of territory in the state of São Paulo by DPESP expresses that the constitutional guarantee of the right of defence is not a priority of the Brazilian justice system. Based on a theoretical discussion on the relationship between the territory and the tertiary sector, as well as analysis of maps, the paper will demonstrate that the location of 41 units of DPESP is an initial barrier to access to their services: in most municipalities, the units are located in central areas while the poor inhabit the urban peripheries. To overcome such distance represents a higher cost precisely to those groups who most need of public services. An exam in each municipality reveals that the quantity of defenders is not enough to meet demand. The research will also analyse structural problems, suggesting that the capitalist system produces poverty and income concentration, the State caters primarily to business interests and justice focuses its efforts on ensuring the order necessary to business. Beyond a theoretical approach about capitalism, the State and justice, the paper draws on empirical data of the state of São Paulo to highlight the structural production of poverty and selectivity of state actions. To test the hypothesis, also are analysed the historical aspects of structuring the law in capitalist society, highlighting its importance to the guarantee of commercial interests. Also, based on literature, the research reveals that the free legal assistance services and the creation of public defender are the result of difficult political clashes and their existence is not a natural consequence of legal system thought by Enlightenment ideologues. The main conclusion of this study is that the difficulties faced by defenders are, to a large extent, the expression of a social structure producing inequalities and selective in the application of justice. The solution to the problem of access to justice for the poor does not end in the expansion of the services of defenders. This should be just the beginning, from which inequality may become more evident and people more aware and demanding of deeper social changes.

A presente pesquisa analisa o direito à assistência jurídica integral e gratuita como pertencente ao grupo dos direitos humanos e também dos direitos fundamentais. Seu estudo é elaborado sob o aspecto do desenvolvimento do Estado do Bem Estar Social, do princípio da igualdade e da superação dos obstáculos ao acesso à Justiça. Nesse sentido, é enfatizada a função da Defensoria Pública da União como entidade responsável por prestar assistência jurídica no âmbito da Justiça do Trabalho, tanto aos trabalhadores necessitados, como aos empregadores que comprovarem os requisitos elencados pela lei para obtenção dessa assistência. Além disso, são analisadas algumas especificidades do Direito do Processual do Trabalho como o jus postulandi e a questão dos honorários advocatícios relacionadas ao tema da assistência jurídica. Por fim, em decorrência do tratamento legal concedido à prestação de assistência jurídica na seara laboral, é estudada com maior profundidade a função assistencial dos sindicatos diante do princípio da liberdade sindical e as modalidades de assistência jurídica que as entidades sindicais prestam a seus representados. / The following research analyzes the right to free and integral legal aid as part of human rights as well as fundamental rights. Its study is developed from the points of view of the Welfare State, the principle of equality and the overcoming of obstacles towards the access to Justice. In this regard, it is emphasized the role of the Federal Public Defender\'s Office as the entity responsible for providing legal aid services in the scope of Labor Court, for both workers in need and for employers who prove to meet the requirements listed by law for obtaining this assistance. Furthermore, we analyzed some particularities of the Labor Procedural Law such as the possibility for a party to plead his own cause and the matter of attorneys\' fees in labor cases related to legal aid. Ultimately, due to treatment granted to legal referral in the labor field, the assistance role of trade unions is studied more deeply next to the principle of freedom of association and the categories of legal aid services which these unions provide to their ones represented.

Percepções sobre o acesso à justiça: olhares dos usuários da Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo. Dissertação de mestrado. Tratando de representações sociais relacionadas à experiência de acesso à justiça junto a assistidos pela Defensoria na área cível, o estudo se volta à reflexão dos significados produzidos nesse acesso. A coleta de dados de base qualitativa foi orientada pela teoria das representações sociais e pela técnica da análise de conteúdo. Conjugando a pesquisa empírica com pressupostos teóricos radicados, sobretudo nos Direitos Humanos e na Teoria do Reconhecimento, propõe-se a investigar em que medida a Defensoria é percebida como uma instituição que proporciona o acesso à justiça. / Perceptions about access to justice: the users views of the Public Defenders Office of the State of Sao Paulo. Thesis. The study focuses on the reflection of the meanings produced in the access to justice of beneficiaries of the civil legal aid services provided by the Public Defenders Office. It takes into consideration the social representations related to the experience of access to justice of the aforementioned beneficiaries. The collection of qualitative data base was driven by social representations theory and technique of content analysis. Combining empirical research with theoretical assumptions rooted mainly in Human Rights and the Theory of Recognition, the study aims at investigating the extent to which the Public Defenders Office is perceived as an institution that provides access to justice.