<p>Gruppen äldre kommer att öka i antal och då smärta ökar med ålder kommer fler individer att ha ont. Fler äldre med smärta ställer större krav på hälso- och sjukvården. Studiers visar att sjuksköterskors bild och de äldres upplevelser av smärta inte alltid stämmer överens samt att det finns brister i smärtdokumentation. Syftet med studien var att belysa smärtdokumentation hos en grupp äldre i särskilt boende eller med hemsjukvård. Materialet analyserades med en kvantitativ beskrivande metod och en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Urvalet bestod av individer med smärta 65 år och äldre. Resultatet visade att många äldre hade ont vid vila och aktivitet. De valde vila framför aktivitet som smärtlindrande åtgärd, trots att fanns nackdelar med vila. Resultatet visade även på brister i sjuksköterskors dokumentation av smärtan. Ett hinder för dokumentation var att en grupp äldre inte berättade om sin smärta vilket kunde bero på att de äldre bland annat inte ville vara till besvär eller att de ansåg att smärta var en del av att bli gammal.</p> / <p>An increasing elderly population coupled with an increasing likelihood of pain in oldage means more individuals will be in pain, thus making larger demands on the healthcare system. Studies show that nurses can’t describe the elder’s experience of pain andthere is insufficiency in pain documentation. The aim was to describe paindocumentation in a group of elderly people living in sheltered accommodations or withhome care services. The material was analysed with a quantitative descriptive method aswell as a qualitative content analysis. The inclusion criteria were elderly with pain,above the age of 65. The results showed that many elderly people had pain during restand activity. The elderly more often choose rest than mobility as an activity to reliefpain. The results also showed insufficiency in pain documentation. One obstacle forpain documentation was when the elderly did not tell the nurses about their pain. Therewere several reasons for this, for example that the elderly did not want to be a burden tothe nurses or that they simply accepting that pain were a part of being old.</p>

Gruppen äldre kommer att öka i antal och då smärta ökar med ålder kommer fler individer att ha ont. Fler äldre med smärta ställer större krav på hälso- och sjukvården. Studiers visar att sjuksköterskors bild och de äldres upplevelser av smärta inte alltid stämmer överens samt att det finns brister i smärtdokumentation. Syftet med studien var att belysa smärtdokumentation hos en grupp äldre i särskilt boende eller med hemsjukvård. Materialet analyserades med en kvantitativ beskrivande metod och en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Urvalet bestod av individer med smärta 65 år och äldre. Resultatet visade att många äldre hade ont vid vila och aktivitet. De valde vila framför aktivitet som smärtlindrande åtgärd, trots att fanns nackdelar med vila. Resultatet visade även på brister i sjuksköterskors dokumentation av smärtan. Ett hinder för dokumentation var att en grupp äldre inte berättade om sin smärta vilket kunde bero på att de äldre bland annat inte ville vara till besvär eller att de ansåg att smärta var en del av att bli gammal. / An increasing elderly population coupled with an increasing likelihood of pain in oldage means more individuals will be in pain, thus making larger demands on the healthcare system. Studies show that nurses can’t describe the elder’s experience of pain andthere is insufficiency in pain documentation. The aim was to describe paindocumentation in a group of elderly people living in sheltered accommodations or withhome care services. The material was analysed with a quantitative descriptive method aswell as a qualitative content analysis. The inclusion criteria were elderly with pain,above the age of 65. The results showed that many elderly people had pain during restand activity. The elderly more often choose rest than mobility as an activity to reliefpain. The results also showed insufficiency in pain documentation. One obstacle forpain documentation was when the elderly did not tell the nurses about their pain. Therewere several reasons for this, for example that the elderly did not want to be a burden tothe nurses or that they simply accepting that pain were a part of being old.

The purpose of this study was to identify educators' beliefs indicating the most preferred support for students with disabilities in the general education classroom setting. This study examined professional educators' attitudes regarding four student supports (motivation, accommodations/modifications, academic improvements, and social issues) for students with disabilities in the inclusive classroom. In addition, the goals of this study included public school educators' attitudes toward the aforementioned four areas of support, specifically within three student ethnic groups (Hispanic, African American, and Whites). The final goal of the study was to compare the attitudes of each of the organizational roles (administrators, general education teachers, special education teachers, and others) regarding motivation, accommodations/modifications, academic improvements, and social issues of students with disabilities participating in general education inclusive classrooms. The findings from this research indicate: 1. Educators perceive accommodations/modifications to be the most beneficial support to offer all students with disabilities in the general education inclusive classroom. 2. Educators perceive accommodations/modifications to be the most beneficial support to offer all students with disabilities in the general education inclusive classroom, regardless of ethnic origin. The results of this study reveal no difference in educators' attitudes within the three student ethnic groups. 3. Administrators, general education teachers, and the organizational role of other professionals in the school believe the primary focus for student support in the inclusive classroom should be on incorporating appropriate accommodations/modifications. 4. Special education teachers perceive academic improvements (differentiated instruction) as their first preference of student support for children with disabilities in the inclusive classroom. The overall findings in this study clearly reveal a pattern of educators' preferences regarding the four student supports for students in special education programs. Accommodations/modifications is the first focus of support for educators to implement, followed by academic improvements (differentiated instruction). The pattern continues with educators indicating motivation to be the third student support and social issues to be the fourth preference.

Syftet med denna studie var att utifrån ett genusperspektiv undersöka hur två HVB-hem för ensamkommande flyktingbarn arbetar med jämställdhetsfrågor. Detta undersöktes genom fyra halvstrukturerade intervjuer med personal på HVB-hem för ensamkommande flickor och pojkar mellan 14-17 år. En kvinna och en man på respektive boende intervjuades. Intervjuerna spelades in och det transkriberade materialet analyserades utifrån socialkonstruktivistisk teori samt utifrån ett genusperspektiv. Resultatet av undersökningen visar hur stereotypa föreställningar kring kön konstruerades i det sociala arbetet med ensamkommande barn. Studien visar på ett behov av ökad utbildning kring genus hos personalen. Den visar även på att boendena behöver anpassas för att uppfylla de specifika behov som gruppen ensamkommande flyktingbarn har, inte minst vad gäller jämställdhet och genus. / The aim of the study was to investigate from a gender perspective how two HVB-accommodations for unaccompanied refugee children were working with equality. The research was made by four semi structured interviews with employees at HVB-accommodations for unaccompanied girls and boys between the ages of 14 to 17. From each home there were one female and one male selected for the interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The material was analyzed using social constructivist theory and gender perspectives. The result indicates how stereotypical ideas’ regarding gender was constructed in the social work with the unaccompanied children. Hence, the study demonstrates a need of increased education for the employees together with a need for the accommodations to adjust in order to fulfill the specific needs which unaccompanied children have not least as regarding equality and gender.

The number of students with learning disabilities (SLD) at post-secondary institutions continues to grow. Research has found that SLD who use accommodations at their post-secondary institution are more successful in university than those who do not. Yet, research suggests that SLD do not request accommodations at expected levels. Disability self-disclosure is important to SLD because they need to self-disclose their disability to university personnel to obtain accommodations. The reasons for lower levels of self-disclosure by SLDs to university personnel remain unclear. Self-determination, attitudes towards requesting accommodations, and level of self-disclosure (i.e., psychological factors) has individually been identified as possible factors that affect disability disclosure. To date, no study has investigated the effects of these factors on SLD disability disclosure in higher education. This study’s purpose was to investigate differences in psychological factors between two SLD disclosure groups (i.e., no disclosure and university and classroom disclosure). In addition, the study examined what factors SLDs consider when deciding if they will self-disclose their disability to university personnel. To achieve these goals, 31 undergraduate students with learning disabilities completed a mixed methods study comprised of quantitative scales and a qualitative interview. The Self-Disclosure Scale, the Attitudes Towards Requesting Accommodations Scale, and the Revised Self-Disclosure Scale were utilized to measure psychological factors. A 30 minute semi-structured interview was administered to 15 participants to further explore what factors SLD take into consideration when making self-disclosure decisions. Results indicate that the total scores on the Attitude Towards Requesting Accommodations scale, Self-Determination Scale, and the Self-Disclosure Scale were significantly different between self-disclosure groups. Data from student interviews uncovered nine factors that seemed to influence SLDs’: (a) decision to disclose and (b) how deeply they disclosed. Four key qualitative findings that arose from this study were: (a) all SLD report having extensive academic difficulty; (b) students who do not disclose seem to rely solely on informal compensating mechanisms rather than formal accommodations; (c) even in favorable circumstances SLDs may not wish to disclose their disability; and (d) SLD experiences with faculty seem to influence why some students disclose more deeply while other students disclose at a surface level. / text

M. Tech. Entrepreneurship / Looks at how bed and breakfast managers in Bushbuckridge perceive the attributes of the internet as an advertising medium. It also looks at the advertising media that are currently used by bed and breakfast accommodations businesses in Bushbuckridge for both local and international customers.

This study concerns the impact of providing teachers with increasing levels of information about a hypothetical student's PTSD symptoms. Specifically, the amount of information given teachers was examined as it impacted: 1. teachers' causal attributions, 2. their ability to identify specific emotional problems, and 3. their ability to choose accommodations recommended for students with PTSD. An online survey format was used to randomly assign 236 teachers to one of three levels of information about a hypothetical student namely, 1) description of behavioral and academic difficulties in the classroom (Behavioral Descriptors), 2) Behavioral Descriptors plus information about trauma exposure and diagnosis of PTSD (PTSD Diagnosis), and 3) Behavioral Descriptors, PTSD Diagnosis plus outcomes associated with PTSD (PTSD Outcomes). Increased levels of information resulted in a significant increase in accurate identification of the cause of student difficulties overall. Regarding ability to identify specific emotional diagnoses, teachers' ability to identify PTSD as the accurate emotional problem represented was also significantly more likely with increased levels of information. However, the likelihood of teachers to identify accommodations recommended for students with PTSD was not significantly impacted by increased levels of information. Results indicated that teachers make more accurate causal attributions about students with PTSD with increased information, but this does not result in increased ability to identify classroom accommodations that are recommended for students with PTSD.

Bakgrund: Äldre personer över 65 år står för största delen av läkemedelskonsumtionen i Sverige. Läkemedelsanvändningen har ökat kraftigt och syns främst bland äldre på särskilda boende. Sannolikheten att drabbas av biverkningar bland äldre ökar ju fler läkemedel en person använder. Att flera äldre vårdas på sjukhus som ett resultat av effekter av olika läkemedel tyder på ett stort behov av information och undervisning i läkemedelshantering. Detta ställer allt högre krav på sjuksköterskans roll med avseende på läkemedelsinformation på särskilda boenden. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors syn på äldres läkemedelsinformation inom särskilda boenden. Metod: Uppsatsen har genomförts som en intervjustudie med kvalitativ design och omfattar intervjuer med sex legitimerade sjuksköterskor. Samtliga deltagare arbetar på olika särskilda boenden inom Stockholmsområdet. Metoden för analysen var en induktiv kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet består av fyra huvudteman med tillhörande sju teman. Huvudteman indelas i Betydelsefulla aspekter inför läkemedelsinformation, Äldres intresse att få information styr vilken uppmärksamhet och tid de får, Tidsbrist och stress påverkar förmågan att ge och ta emot information och Sjuksköterskans etiska och moraliska reflektioner. Diskussion: Det kognitiva hälsotillståndet hos de äldre verkade vara avgörande för hur och om informationen skulle ges. Sjuksköterskornas möjlighet och sätt att informera de äldre påverkades även av andra faktorer. Många av svårigheterna som hindrade en adekvat kommunikation i samband med läkemedelsinformation var mest kopplade till sjuksköterskans höga arbetsbelastning och tidsbrist.

The case study examined physical and social privacy for nine residents residing in personal care homes in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The study explored how residents’ well-being and quality of life was affected by the privacy afforded to them in various room accommodations. The case study explored residents’ social location, room preference, safety and security, communication with family, interaction with staff, and interaction with roommates. The study found that residents benefit from having access to locks for doors; specialized units for cognitively impaired residents; private health assessment rooms; phasing out multi-bed room; use of room barriers; privacy for intimacy; access to private lounges for visiting; and private room with a public telephone. The study assists health care providers and students in health fields in becoming aware of privacy issues. The study may be useful in assisting residents to prepare for adjustment to a personal care home.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2001. / Restricted until June 2003. Bibliography: leaves 169-171.