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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Showing 21 to 30 of 30 (0.044 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"acoustooptic"" "subject:"acoustooptics""
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Acousto-optic imaging : challenges of in vivo imaging / Imagerie acousto-optique des tissus biologiques épais : les défis de l'imagerie in vivoLaudereau, Jean-Baptiste 21 October 2016 (has links)
Les tissus biologiques sont des milieux fortement diffusant pour la lumière. En conséquence, les techniques d'imagerie actuelles ne permettent pas d'obtenir un contraste optique en profondeur à moins d'user d'approches invasives. L'imagerie acousto-optique (AO) est une approche couplant lumière et ultrasons (US) qui utilise les US afin de localiser l'information optique en profondeur avec une résolution millimétrique. Couplée à un échographe commercial, cette technique pourrait apporter une information complémentaire permettant d'augmenter la spécificité des US. Grâce à une détection basée sur l'holographie photoréfractive, une plateforme multi-modale AO/US a pu être développée. Dans ce manuscrit, les premiers tests de faisabilité ex vivo sont détaillés en tant que premier jalon de l'imagerie clinique. Des métastases de mélanomes dans le foie ont par exemple été détectées alors que le contraste acoustique n'était pas significatif. En revanche, ces premiers résultats ont souligné deux obstacles majeurs à la mise en place d'applications cliniques.Le premier concerne la cadence d'imagerie de l'imagerie AO très limitée à cause des séquences US prenant jusqu'à plusieurs dizaines de secondes. Le second concerne le speckle qui se décorrèle en milieu vivant sur des temps inférieurs à 1 ms, trop rapide pour les cristaux photorefractif actuellement en palce. Dans ce manuscrit, je propose une nouvelle séquence US permettant d'augmenter la cadence d'imagerie d'un ordre de grandeur au moins ainsi qu'une détection alternative basée sur le creusement de trous spectraux dans des cristaux dopés avec des terres rares qui permet de s'affranchir de la décorrélation du speckle. / Biological tissues are very strong light-scattering media. As a consequence, current medical imaging devices do not allow deep optical imaging unless invasive techniques are used. Acousto-optic (AO) imaging is a light-ultrasound coupling technique that takes advantage of the ballistic propagation of ultrasound in biological tissues to access optical contrast with a millimeter resolution. Coupled to commercial ultrasound (US) scanners, it could add useful information to increase US specificity. Thanks to photorefractive crystals, a bimodal AO/US imaging setup based on wave-front adaptive holography was developed and recently showed promising ex vivo results. In this thesis, the very first ones of them are described such as melanoma metastases in liver samples that were detected through AO imaging despite acoustical contrast was not significant. These results highlighted two major difficulties regarding in vivo imaging that have to be addressed before any clinical applications can be thought of.The first one concerns current AO sequences that take several tens of seconds to form an image, far too slow for clinical imaging. The second issue concerns in vivo speckle decorrelation that occurs over less than 1 ms, too fast for photorefractive crystals. In this thesis, I present a new US sequence that allows increasing the framerate of at least one order of magnitude and an alternative light detection scheme based on spectral holeburning in rare-earth doped crystals that allows overcoming speckle decorrelation as first steps toward in vivo imaging.
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Dual-Axis Acousto-Optic/Electro-Optic Deflectors in Lithium Niobate for Full-Parallax Holographic Video DisplaysAdams, Mitchell Robert 30 July 2021 (has links)
A major limitation of acousto-optic (AO) leaky-mode modulator based holographic displays is their inability to present full-parallax. We propose that full-parallax capabilities can be bestowed on these displays by integrating an electro-optic (EO) phased array into the architecture. We validated this concept by rendering computational models and by fabricating and testing a basic two-axis AO/EO deflector prototype in lithium niobate. This was, to our knowledge, the first instantiation of an integrated, hybrid AO/EO deflector. The prototype had a 6° deflection range along the AO-axis, and a 3° deflection range along the EO-axis. A series of models provide us with a clear path forward for optimizing this deflector. They suggest that an AO/EO modulator with an EO deflection range of 24.5° and that requires less than 7.5 V can be fabricated within the limitations of standard photolithography.
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Numerical Investigation of the Nonlinear Dynamics of a Hybrid Acousto-Optic Bragg Cell with a Variable Feedback GainZhou, Hao 26 August 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Novel tools for ultrafast spectroscopyJarvis, Thomas William 06 February 2012 (has links)
Exciton dynamics in semiconductor nanostructures are dominated by the effects of many-body physics. The application of coherent spectroscopic tools, such as two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy (2dFTS), to the study of these systems can reveal signatures of these effects, and in combination with sophisticated theoretical modeling, can lead to more complete understanding of the behaviour of these systems.
2dFTS has previously been applied to the study of GaAs quantum well samples. In this thesis, we outline a precis of the technique before describing our own experiments using 2dFTS in a partially collinear geometry. This geometry has previously been used to study chemical systems, but we believe these experiments to be the first such performed on semiconductor samples. We extend this technique to a reflection mode 2dFTS experiment, which we believe to be the first such measurement.
In order to extend the techniques of coherent spectroscopy to structured systems, we construct an experimental apparatus that permits us to control the beam geometry used to perform four-wave mixing reflection measurements. To isolate extremely weak signals from intense background fields, we extend a conventional lock-in detection scheme to one that treats the optical fields exciting the sample on an unequal footing. To the best of our knowledge, these measurements represent a novel spectroscopic tool that has not previously been described. / text
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Hardware and Software Improvements to a Low-Cost Holographic Video MonitorHenrie, Andrew August 01 June 2018 (has links)
The "Mark V" Holographic Video Monitor ("HoloMonitor") is a continuation of effort and accomplishments to produce a low-cost device capable of reproducing true full-color horizontal-parallax-only computer-generated holograms at typical video frame-rates. While other devices around the world may have greater capabilities, these devices are currently confined to laboratory settings due to their sheer complexity and expense. The aim of this project is to provide researchers and "tinkerers" with a device capable of recreating holographic effects in full color, respectable resolution, in real time, and at a comparatively low cost. The "Mark V" HoloMonitor is a closer representation of a consumer product than any other device of the MIT/BYU series of HoloMonitors. In this thesis, I discuss the complete design and construction of all of the optic (sans modulator) electronic subsystems that compose this device, along with explaining and providing working code needed to drive it in various modes of operation. The main objective of this thesis is to sufficiently instruct undergraduate and graduate colleagues so that they can replicate and build upon this work.
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Collective dynamics of excitons and exciton-polaritons in nanoscale heterostructuresVisnevski, Dmitri 09 July 2013 (has links) (PDF)
In my thesis I will discuss some aspects of collective dynamics of excitons and exciton-polaritons in nanoscale heterostructures. In the first Chapter I will make a brief introduction to the modern semiconductor physics and willdescribe the general elements and notions which will be used further. Other four chapters would be devoted to four works in which I participated, notably, in Chapter 2 I will speak about the coherent interactions between phonons and exciton orexciton-polariton condensates, in Chapter 3 I will discuss the quantum dots lasing and its amplification by an acoustic pulse. Chapter 4 and 5 will be devoted respectively to the polariton multistability and to the condensates of indirect excitons.
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Ultra precision metrology : the key for mask lithography and manufacturing of high definition displaysEkberg, Peter January 2011 (has links)
Metrology is the science of measurement. It is also a prerequisite for maintaining a high quality in all manufacturing processes. In this thesis we will present the demands and solutions for ultra-precision metrology in the manufacturing of lithography masks for the TV-display industry. The extreme challenge that needs to be overcome is a measurement uncertainty of 10 nm on an absolute scale of more that 2 meters in X and Y. Materials such as metal, ceramic composites, quartz or glass are highly affected by the surrounding temperature when tolerances are specified at nanometer levels. Also the fact that the refractive index of air in the interferometers measuring absolute distances is affected by temperature, pressure, humidity and CO2 contents makes the reference measurements really challenging. This goes hand in hand with the ability of how to design a mask writer, a pattern generator with a performance good enough for writing masks for the display industry with sub-micron accuracy over areas of square meters. As in many other areas in the industry high quality metrology is the key for success in developing high accuracy production tools. The aim of this thesis is therefore to discuss the metrology requirements of mask making for display screens. Defects that cause stripes in the image of a display, the so called “Mura” effect, are extremely difficult to measure as they are caused by spatially systematic errors in the mask writing process in the range of 10-20 nm. These errors may spatially extend in several hundreds of mm and are superposed by random noise with significantly higher amplitude compared to the 10-20 nm. A novel method for measuring chromium patterns on glass substrates will also be presented in this thesis. This method will be compared to methods based on CCD and CMOS images. Different methods have been implementedin the Micronic MMS1500 large area measuring machine, which is the metrology tool used by the mask industry, for verifying the masks made by the Micronic mask writers. Using alternative methods in the same system has been very efficient for handling different measurement situations. Some of the discussed methods are also used by the writers for calibration purposes. / QC 20110517
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Mitigation of Amplitude and Phase Distortion of Signals Under Modified Von Karman Turbulence Using Encrypted Chaos WavesMohamed, Fathi Husain Alhadi 08 September 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Collective dynamics of excitons and exciton-polaritons in nanoscale heterostructures / Dynamique collective des excitons et exciton-polaritons dans des hétérostructures nanométriquesVisnevski, Dmitri 09 July 2013 (has links)
Dans ma thèse, je discute des phénomènes collectifs dynamiques impliquant des excitons et des exciton-polaritons dans des nanostructures de semiconducteurs. Dans le premier chapitre j’introduis brièvement des éléments de physique des semiconducteurs. Les quatre chapitres suivants sont dédiés à la présentation de résultats originaux. Le chapitre 2 décrit les phénomènes d’interaction cohérente entre phonons et condensats d’exciton. Le chapitre 3 décrit un laser à boite quantique dont l’émission peut être amplifiée par l’excitation par un pulse acoustique. Les chapitres 4 et 5 sont respectivement dédiés à l’étude du phénomène de multistabilité des exciton-polaritons et à l’étude d’un condensat d’excitons indirects. / In my thesis I will discuss some aspects of collective dynamics of excitons and exciton-polaritons in nanoscale heterostructures. In the first Chapter I will make a brief introduction to the modern semiconductor physics and willdescribe the general elements and notions which will be used further. Other four chapters would be devoted to four works in which I participated, notably, in Chapter 2 I will speak about the coherent interactions between phonons and exciton orexciton-polariton condensates, in Chapter 3 I will discuss the quantum dots lasing and its amplification by an acoustic pulse. Chapter 4 and 5 will be devoted respectively to the polariton multistability and to the condensates of indirect excitons.
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Méthodes optiques innovantes pour le contrôle rapide et tridimensionnel de l’activité neuronale / Advanced optical methods for fast and three-dimensional control of neural activityHernández Cubero, Óscar Rubén 22 January 2016 (has links)
La révolution en cours des outils optogénétiques - des protéines photosensibles génétiquement induites qui peuvent activer, inhiber et enregistrer l'activité neuronale - a permis d'ouvrir une nouvelle voie pour relier l'activité neuronale et la cognition. Néanmoins, pour profiter au mieux de ces outils nous avons besoin de méthodes optiques qui peuvent projeter des schémas d'illumination complexes dans le cerveau. Pendant mon doctorat, j'ai travaillé sur deux nouveaux systèmes complémentaires pour la stimulation de l'activité neuronale. Le premier système combine des déflecteurs acousto-optiques et une illumination Gaussienne à faible ouverture numérique pour produire une photo activation rapide des outils optogénétiques. La capacité d'accès aléatoire du système permet de délivrer des séquences d'illumination spatialement et temporellement complexes qui simulent avec succès les schémas physiologiques de l'activité des fibres moussues dans des tranches de cerveaux. Ces résultats démontrent que les schémas de stimulation optogénétique peuvent être utilisés pour recréer l'activité en cours et étudier les microcircuits du cerveau dans un environnement physiologique. Alternativement, l'holographie générée par ordinateur (HGO) permet d'améliorer grandement les stimulations optogénétiques en répartissant efficacement la lumière sur plusieurs cibles cellulaires simultanément. Néanmoins, le confinement axial se dégrade pour des schémas d'illuminations larges. Afin de d'améliorer ce point, l’HGO peut être combinée avec une technique de focalisation temporelle qui confine axialement la fluorescence sans dépendre de l'allongement latéral. Les précédentes configurations maintiennent l'excitation non linéaire à un unique plan focal spatiotemporel. Dans cette thèse, je décris deux méthodes différentes qui permettent de dépasser ces limitations et de permettre la génération de schémas focalisés tridimensionnellement, à la fois spatialement et temporellement. / The ongoing revolution of optogenetic tools – genetically encoded light-sensitive proteins that can activate, silence and monitor neural activity – has opened a new pathway to bridge the gap between neuronal activity and cognition. However, to take full advantage of these tools we need optical methods that can deliver complex light patterns in the brain. During my doctorate, I worked on two novel and complementary optical systems for complex spatiotemporally neural activity stimulation. The first system combined acousto-optic deflectors and low numerical aperture Gaussian beam illumination for fast photoactivation of optogenetic tools. The random-access capabilities of the system allowed to deliver complex spatiotemporal illumination sequences that successfully emulated physiological patterns of cerebellar mossy fiber activity in acute slices. These results demonstrate that patterned optogenetic stimulation can be used to recreate ongoing activity and study brain microcircuits in a physiological activity context. Alternatively, Computer Generated Holography (CGH) can powerfully enhance optogenetic stimulation by efficiently shaping light onto multiple cellular targets simultaneously. Nonetheless, the axial confinement degrades for laterally extended illumination patterns. To address this issue, CGH can be combined with temporal focusing that axially confines fluorescence regardless of lateral extent. However, previous configurations restricted nonlinear excitation to a single spatiotemporal focal plane. In this thesis, I describe two alternative methods to overcome this limitation and enable three-dimensional spatiotemporal focused pattern generation.
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