L’utilisation des adhésifs dans le domaine médical prend de plus en plus de place jusqu’à leur utilisation par le grand public pour refermer certaines plaies superficielles. Les adhésifs les plus courants pour applications médicales sont formulés à partir d’hydrogel voire de silicone, prêts à l’emploi, très peu étant associés à une préparation particulière avant application comme c’est le cas dans le domaine dentaire avec l’utilisation de la photo-polymérisation. Notre travail de recherche a consisté à formuler des adhésifs photo-polymérisables permettant un collage résistant sur les tissus biologiques internes et à comprendre les mécanismes permettant d’aboutir à un collage de bonne qualité en tenant compte des contraintes fortes liées à l’application visée : (i) milieu humide dans lequel sera disposé l’adhésif, (ii) nature viscoélastique des tissus biologiques et (iii) facilité de mise en œuvre. L’ensemble des expériences a été mené sur un substrat considéré comme « modèle », le péricarde bovin, dont il a été montré que les propriétés mécaniques sont similaires à celles du péricarde humain. Ce travail a démontré que l’adhésion sur un tissu interne est dépendante de plusieurs paramètres. Pour assurer un bon collage, il est nécessaire que l’adhésif mouille le tissu biologique et pénètre suffisamment pour assurer un bon ancrage mécanique. De ce fait, des formulations adhésives à base d’acrylates de faible viscosité ont été réalisées. Nous avons montré que l’énergie d’adhésion développée diminue linéairement avec la viscosité de l’adhésif avant photo-polymérisation. Ce résultat a mené à l’hypothèse de la pénétration de l’adhésif dans le péricarde, validée par plusieurs techniques. Nous avons ainsi démontré le lien entre une adhésion forte sur un tissu biologique, la viscosité initiale de la solution adhésive et sa capacité à pénétrer le substrat. L’ensemble de ce travail a mené à la compréhension des mécanismes induits par le dépôt d’un monomère sur un substrat vivant et à des hypothèses sur la polymérisation de la couche adhésive et son interaction avec le substrat. Des expériences in-vivo sur différents organes de souris et de lapins ont permis de montrer des résultats prometteurs qui ne demandent qu’à être confirmés par une étude systématique à plus grande échelle. Enfin, une description phénoménologique est proposée au travers d’une équation simplifiée tenant compte de différents paramètres essentiels pour décrire les mécanismes en jeu. / Adhesives are more and more used by the public to seal superficial wounds. The current adhesives for medical use are formulated on the basis of hydrogels, silicon and are ready to use. Only a few of them are associated to a particular preparation before application as the dental adhesives. The main goals of this research were to formulate some photo-polymerizable adhesives which induce a permanent strong anchorage into the internal biological tissues and to understand the mechanisms leading to a good quality adhesion and respecting the high constraints of the application: (i) the wetness of the media in which the adhesive is deposited, (ii) the viscoelasticity of the biological tissues and (iii) the easiness of the set up. The whole experiments were done onto a substrate considered as a “model”, the bovine pericardium, which was demonstrated to have the same mechanical properties as the human pericardium. This study showed that the adhesion onto internal tissue depends on several parameters. To create the adhesion, the adhesive has to wet and penetrate deep enough the tissue to get a strong mechanical anchorage. Thus, some low viscous acrylate-based adhesive formulations were realized. A linear correlation was found between the viscosity of the formulation before photo-polymerization and the adhesion energy: as the viscosity increases, the adhesion energy decreases. This result led to the hypothesis of the penetration of the adhesive into the tissue, which was proven by different techniques. Finally, it was proven that a strong adhesion onto a biological tissue depends on the viscosity and its capability to penetrate the substrate. This whole work led to the understanding of the mechanisms induced by the deposit of a monomer onto a living substrate and to some hypotheses about the polymerization of the adhesive layer and its interaction with the substrate. Some in-vivo experiments onto internal organs of mice or rabbits have shown promising results which are to be confirmed by multiple other experiments. Finally, a phenomenological description is proposed through a simplified equation takin into account different essential parameters to describe the mechanisms taking part into this phenomenon.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de soluções higienizadoras de próteses totais quanto ao controle do biofilme (análise clínica) e à alteração de propriedades da resina acrílica (análise laboratorial). A análise clínica foi realizada em 32 desdentados totais que foram orientados a escovar suas próteses (escova Denture e sabonete líquido) três vezes ao dia e imergí-las (″overnight″) nas soluções: 1) Controle: Água Natural; 2) Pastilha Corega Tabs; 3) Hipoclorito de Sódio 0,5%. Cada solução foi utilizada por 21 dias (03 ciclos de 07 dias). Ao final de cada ciclo, a superfície interna da prótese superior foi evidenciada (vermelho neutro 1%) e fotografada (HX1- Sony). As áreas (total e corada com biofilme) foram medidas (Image Tool 3.00), sendo a porcentagem de biofilme calculada como a relação entre a área do biofilme multiplicado por 100 e área da superfície total da base interna da prótese. Para a análise laboratorial, foram confeccionados 140 corpos de prova de resina acrílica termopolimerizável (Lucitone 550) que foram imersos por 08 horas nas soluções: 1) Controle 1 (sem imersão); 2) Controle 2 (água destilada); 2) Pastilha Corega Tabs; 3) Hipoclorito de sódio 0,5%, simulando uma higienização diária de 03 anos (1095 dias). Antes e após as imersões, os corpos de prova foram avaliados quanto à alteração de cor (Espectrocolorímetro Color Guide 45/0), rugosidade superficial (rugosímetro Surftest SJ-201P) e resistência à flexão (Máquina Universal de Ensaios DL 2000). Os dados de cor foram também calculados de acordo com a National Bureau of Standards (NBS). As análises estatísticas compreenderam o método de equações de estimação generalizadas (GEE) e comparações múltiplas (Teste de Bonferroni - α = 1,67%) para análise clínica; e Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e teste HSD de Tukey (α=0,05) para análise laboratorial. Os resultados clínicos mostraram que a imersão em hipoclorito de sódio 0,5% diminuiu a área coberta por biofilme (8,29 ± 13,26 - B), quando comparado ao controle (18,24 ± 14,91 - A) e à pastilha (18,18 ± 16,62 - A). O hipoclorito (2,75 ± 0,49 - B) e a pastilha (3,01 ± 0,35 - B) provocaram alteração de cor significativamente maior que o controle (0,66 ± 0,29 A), sendo classificadas como perceptível, segundo a NBS. As soluções não alteraram a rugosidade da resina. Houve uma diminuição na resistência à flexão dos grupos pastilha (85,61 ± 10,46 - C) e hipoclorito (82,17 ± 8,47 - C) quando comparados com o controle (sem imersão) (105,4 ± 14,93 - A). O controle (água destilada) apresentou uma redução na resistência à flexão (67,06 ± 11,89 - B). Os achados deste estudo revelaram que a solução de hipoclorito de sódio 0,5% foi a mais efetiva na remoção do biofilme das próteses totais e que ambas as soluções (hipoclorito de sódio 0,5% e peróxido alcalino) não alteraram a rugosidade superficial, porém provocaram alterações de cor classificadas como perceptíveis segundo a NBS, bem como acarretaram uma diminuição da resistência à flexão da resina acrílica termicamente ativada. / This study evaluated the effect of denture cleansers on denture biofilm removal (clinical trial) and changes the properties of acrylic resin (laboratory analysis). A randomized clinical trial was performed in 32 edentulous patients who were instructed to brush their dentures (denture-specific brush and liquid soap) three times a day and to soak them overnight in the solutions: 1) Control: Water; 2) Efervescent Tablet (Corega Tabs); 3) 0.5% Sodium Hypochlorite. Each solution was used for 21 days (03 alternate cycles of 07 days). At the end of each cycle, the inner surfaces of maxillary dentures were disclosed (1% neutral red) and photographed (HX1 Sony). Total and stained biofilm areas were measured (Image Tool 3.00), and the percentage of biofilm calculated as the ratio between the area of the biofilm multiplied by 100 and total surface area of the internal base of the denture. For laboratory analysis, 140 specimens were prepared from heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) and immersed for 08 hours in the solutions: 1) Control 1 (without immersion); 2) Control 2 (distilled water); 3) Efervescent Tablet Corega Tabs; 4) 0.5% Sodium Hypochlorite, simulating a daily hygiene of 03 years (1095 days). Before and after immersion, specimens were evaluated for color change (portable colorimeter Color Guide 450), surface roughness (Surface Roughness Tester SJ-201P) and flexural strength (universal testing machine DL 2000). Color data were also calculated according the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). Statistical analysis comprised the method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) and multiple comparisons (Bonferroni - α = 1.67%) for clinical analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey′s HSD test (α=0.05) for laboratory analysis. Clinical results showed that the immersion in sodium hypochlorite 0.5% reduced the area covered by biofilm (8.3 ± 13.3 - B) compared to the control (18.2 ± 14.9 - A) and tablet (18.2 ± 16.6 - A). Hypochlorite (2.8 ± 0.5 - B) and tablet (3.0 ± 0.4 - B) caused significantly higher color change than the control (0.7 ± 0.3 A); such changes were classified as noticeable, according to NBS. The solutions did not alter the roughness of the resin. There was a decrease in the flexural strength of the groups tablet (85.6 ± 10.5 - C) and hypochlorite (82.2 ± 8.5 - C) compared to control (without immersion) (105.4 ± 14.9 - A). The control (distilled water) showed a reduction in flexural strength (67.1 ± 11.9 - B). The findings revealed that the 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution was the most effective for biofilm removal from complete dentures and that both solutions (0.5% sodium hypochlorite and alkaline peroxide) did not alter surface roughness, but caused color changes classified as noticeable according to the NBS, and resulted in a decrease of flexural strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resin.

Bone undergoes constant turnover throughout life and has the capacity to regenerate itself. However, the repair of critical size defects, caused by bone diseases such as osteoporosis, can be more problematic. Therefore, there is a clinical need for a bone graft substitute that can be used at sites of surgical intervention to enhance bone regeneration. Poly(vinylphosphonic acid-co-acrylic acid) (PVPA-co-AA) has recently been identified as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue scaffolds. It is hypothesised that PVPA-co-AA can mimic the action of bisphosphonates – a class of drugs used in the treatment of osteoporosis – by binding to calcium ions from bone mineral surfaces. In this way, bisphosphonates can affect bone turnover by increasing the activity of osteoblasts and reducing osteoclast activity. Although PVPA-co-AA has been shown to improve bone formation, the mechanism of action has so far not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this work aims to understand the effect of copolymer composition on the properties of PVPA-co-AA, and thus to determine its effect on osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. PVPA-co-AA copolymers have been synthesised with a range of monomer feed ratios. It was found that a VPA content of 30 mol % led to the greatest calcium binding affinity of the copolymer and is thus expected to lead to enhanced bone formation and mineralisation of the matrix produced by osteoblast cells. The release profile of PVPA-co-AA from electrospun PCL scaffolds was investigated. It was shown that all of the PVPA-co-AA was released into aqueous media within 8 h of immersion. It was also found that the calcium chelation from osteogenic differentiation media significantly increased within the first 8 h. Therefore, it was concluded that PVPA-co-AA is released from the scaffolds, where it can then bind to calcium ions from the bone mineral surface to promote mineralisation, thus acting as a mimic of non-collagenous proteins, which are present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. Hydrogels of PVPA-co-AA have been produced and the effect of monomer feed ratio (0-50 mol % VPA) on the properties of the gels was explored. It was found that an increase in VPA content led to greater hydrogel swelling and increased porosities. Hydrogels that contained 30 and 50 mol % VPA were shown to have similar morphologies to the native ECM of bone. Rheological testing showed that hydrogels with higher VPA contents were more flexible and could be deformed to a large extent without permanent deformation of their structure. An increase in osteoblast adhesion and proliferation was observed for hydrogels with 30 and 50 mol % VPA content as well as superior cell spreading. Osteoblast cell metabolic activity also increased as a function of VPA content in the hydrogels. This work indicates that hydrogels of PVPA-co-AA, with VPA contents of 30 or 50 mol %, are ideal for use as bone tissue scaffolds. Furthermore, the mechanical and cell adhesion properties of the gels can be tuned by altering the copolymer composition. Finally, composite hydrogels of PVPA-co-AA and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been produced and investigated for their ability to remove fluoride ions from groundwater. It was found that the fluoride uptake ability of PVPA-HA hydrogels was significantly enhanced when compared with HA powder alone. Furthermore, the fluoride uptake was dependent on many factors, including pH, contact time and the presence of competing ions. It was possible to regenerate the hydrogel to remove the fluoride ions, and thus it was shown that the material can be used a number of times with only a slight reduction in its fluoride uptake capacity.

Orientador: Aimée Maria Guiotti / Coorientadora: Cristiane Duque / Banca: Douglas Roberto Monteiro / Banca: Natália Leal Vizoto / Resumo: A estomatite protética é associada à colonização microbiana da base acrílica das próteses, favorecida pela higiene deficiente das mesmas e pelo alto nível de Candida spp. na cavidade oral. A Candida albicans é a espécie fúngica mais comumente associada à esta patologia oral, geralmente tratada com antifúngicos. O uso indiscriminado destas drogas pode promover resistência destas espécies e efeitos colaterais aos indivíduos. Assim, é desejável promover a saúde por meio de terapias naturais ou alternativas, tais como a utilização de microrganismos probióticos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar in vitro, a influência de diferentes probióticos isolados e dois probióticos comerciais na inibição do crescimento do biofilme de C. albicans em resina acrílica ativada termicamente (RAAT) para base protética e verificar se os subprodutos dos biofilmes teriam um potencial de alteração da superfície das amostras de RAAT (Ra). 90 amostras de RAAT foram divididas em 9 grupos: GI- controle negativo (Candida albicans sem probiótico); GII- Candida albicans + Lactobacillus casei; GIII- Candida albicans + Lactobacillus rhamnosus; GIV- Candida albicans + Lactobacillus helveticus; GV- Candida albicans + Bifidobacterium lactis; GVI- Candida albicans + Bifidobacterium longum; GVII- Candida albicans + Lactobacillus fermentum; GVIII- Candida albicans + Microbiome e GIX- Candida albicans + Prolive. Biofilmes de C. albicans foram formados sobre as superfícies das amostras de RAAT na presença dos probi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Prosthetic stomatitis is associated with microbial colonization of the prosthesis base, favored by poor hygiene of the species and the high level of Candida spp. in the oral cavity. Candida albicans is a fungal species most commonly associated with oral pathology, usually treated with antifungal. Indiscriminate use can cause damage to species and side effects to individuals. Thus, it is desirable to promote health through natural or alternative therapies, such as the use of probiotic microorganisms. The objective of this research was to evaluate in vitro, the influence of different probiotics and two commercial probiotics on the inhibition of C. albicans biofilm growth in thermally activated acrylic resin (RAAT) for prosthetic base and to verify if biofilm byproducts would have potential alteration of the surface of RAAT (Ra) samples. 90 RAAT samples were divided into 9 groups: GI- negative control (Candida albicans without probiotic); GII- Candida albicans + Lactobacillus casei; GIII- Candida albicans + Lactobacillus rhamnosus; GIV- Candida albicans + Lactobacillus helveticus; GV- Candida albicans + Bifidobacterium lactis; GVI- Candida albicans + Bifidobacterium longum; GVII- Candida albicans + Lactobacillus fermentum; GVIII- Candida albicans + Microbiome and GIX- Candida albicans + Prolive. Biofilms of C. albicans were formed on the surfaces of RAAT samples in the presence of probiotics, except for GI group. For biofilm quantification, the number of cultured cells in the RA... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Ana Lucia Machado / Banca: Eunice Teresinha Giampaolo / Banca: Cláudio Rodrigues Leles / Resumo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito da armazenagem prolongada em água sobre a resistência de união entre uma resina acrílica para base de prótese (Lucitone 550) e quatro resinas para reembasamento (Kooliner - K, New Truliner - NT, Tokuso Rebase - TR e Ufi Gel Hard - UGH). Além disso, a resistência de união ao cisalhamento de corpos-de-prova reembasados com a resina acrílica para base de prótese L foi avaliada para comparação. Cilindros (20 mm X 20 mm) de resina acrílica L foram polimerizados (em água a 70°C por 90 minutos, e por 30 minutos à temperatura de ebulição) de acordo com instruções do fabricante e imersos em água destilada (37 l 1°C por 48 l 2 horas). As superfícies de união foram polidas com lixa de granulação 240, escovadas com detergente (20 segundos), limpas com água destilada e secas com papel absorvente. As superfícies foram, então, preparadas por meio da aplicação do monômero da resina L (180 segundos) para a resina K e com os agentes de união (20 segundos) para as demais resinas. Uma fita adesiva com orifício (3,5 mm) foi fixada sobre a superfície tratada para padronizar a área de união. Cada cilindro foi acoplado a uma matriz metálica bipartida com um orifício central (3,5 mm X 5,0 mm). Os materiais para reembasamento foram manipulados, inseridos na matriz e polimerizados de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes. Após a polimerização, os corpos-de-prova de cada material reembasador foram divididos em cinco grupos (n=8) e submetidos aos testes de cisalhamento (velocidade = 0,5 mm/min). Para o grupo controle (G1), os testes foram realizados imediatamente após a polimerização, para as resinas de reembasamento, e após os corpos-de-prova terem sido imersos em água (37 l 1° C) por 48 l 2 horas para a resina de base L. Os corpos-de-prova relativos aos Grupos 2, 3 e 4 foram testados após terem sido armazenados em água (37 l 1° C)...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of long-term water storage on the shear bond strength between one heat-polymerizing denture base acrylic resin (Lucitone 550-L) and four autopolymerizing reline resins (Kooliner- K, New Truliner-NT, Tokuso Rebase-TR, Ufi Gel Hard -UGH). Also, the shear bond strength of specimens relined with the denture base resin L was evaluated, for comparison. Cylinders (20mm x 20mm) of the resin L were processed (in water at 70°C for 90 minutes, and 30 minutes at boiling temperature), according to the manufacturer's instructions, and stored in distilled water (37 l 1° C for 48 l 2 hours). The surfaces to be bonded were ground with 240-grit silicon carbide paper, brushed with detergent (20 s), washed in distilled water, and blot-dried. The bonding sites were prepared by painting the surfaces with L monomer (180 seconds) for resin K, and with the bonding agents (30 seconds) for the other resins. A tape with a circular opening (3.5 mm) was placed on the treated surfaces to provide a uniform bonding area. Each cylinder was placed in a stainless steel split mold with a center hole (3.5x5.0 mm). The reline materials were mixed, applied to the mold, and polymerized according to the manufacturers' instructions. After polymerization, specimens of each reline material were divided into 5 groups (n=8), and submitted to shear tests (at a 0.5 mm/min cross-head speed). For control group (G1), the tests were performed immediately after processing for the reline resins, and after the specimens had been stored in water (37 l 1° C) for 48 l 2 hours for the denture base resin L. Groups G2, G3 and G4 specimens were tested after being stored in water (37 l 1° C) for 7 days, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. The fractured surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscope and an image analysis system to determine the percentage surface area that remained...(Complete abstract click elctronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Eunice Teresinha Giampaolo / Banca: Ana Lucia Machado / Banca: Hércules Jorge Almilhatti / Resumo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito de desinfecções sucessivas por meio da utilização de microondas sobre a resistência de união entre dentes artificiais (incisivos centrais superiores: Biotone - DB, modelo 264 e Vivodent - DV, modelo A15) e resinas para bases (QC20 - QC, Acron MC - AC e Lucitone 550 - L). Os dentes artificiais foram posicionados em anéis de PVC (20 mm de diâmetro e 20 mm de altura) preenchidos com cera. Cada anel foi incluído em silicone por condensação para facilitar posteriormente a remoção das amostras polimerizadas. Esses moldes de silicone foram então incluídos em mufla dental com gesso. A cera foi eliminada com água em ebulição, sendo o molde preenchido com resina acrílica, manipulada e polimerizada de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Quarenta corpos-de-prova foram obtidos para as três resinas de base com as duas marcas de dentes avaliados. Todas as amostras foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos. G1 (controle) - amostras imersas em água destilada a 37ºC por 48 horas; G2 - imersas por 48 horas e submetidas a dois ciclos de desinfecção por 6 minutos a 650 W; G3 - imersas por 48 horas em água destilada e submetidas a sete ciclos de desinfecção (um por dia) por 6 minutos a 650 W, estando as amostras imersas em água a 37ºC entre as desinfecções; G4 - imersas em água destilada por 8 dias (controle). O teste de cisalhamento foi realizado em máquina de ensaios MTS - 810 com a força aplicada na superfície palatina dos dentes em ângulo de 45º e velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. As superfícies de fratura foram observadas em lupa esteroscópica com um aumento de 10 vezes para determinar a natureza da falha (adesiva, coesiva ou mista). Adicionalmente, foi realizada microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os dados (MPa) foram analisados utilizando ANOVA, teste de Tukey e teste t de Student (P=0,05)...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of microwave disinfection on the bond strength of denture teeth (maxillary central incisors: Biotone - DB, model 264 and Vivodent - DV, model A15) to acrylic resins (QC20 - QC, Acron MC - AC and Lucitone 550 - L). Denture teeth were positioned within polyvinylchloride tubes (20 mm diameter and 20 mm length) filled with melted wax. The tubes were invested in silicone rubber to facilitate removal of the processed specimens from the flask. These silicone moulds were then invested in the usual denture flasks in dental stone. The wax was boiled out, the mould was packed with denture resin and polymerized according to the manufacturer's instructions. Forty specimens were formed from each of the three denture base resin with the two brands of denture teeth. All specimens were randomly divided into four groups to provide a sample size of 10. G1 (control group) - immersed in distilled water at 37ºC for 48 hours; G2 - immersed in distilled water at 37ºC for 48 hours and microwaved twice at 650W for 6 minutes; G3 - immersed in distilled water at 37ºC for 48 hours and microwaved (650 W for 6 minutes) daily for 7 days, being stored in water at 37ºC between exposures; G4 (control group) - immersed in distilled water at 37ºC for 8 days. Shear load was applied with a load testing machine at 45 degrees from the long axis of each denture tooth on the palatal surface at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min until fracture. Fracture surfaces were evaluated with an optical stereomicroscope under x 10 magnifications to determine the nature of the failure (adhesive, cohesive or combination). In addition, a representative sample of each experimental group was evaluated with a scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The data (MPa) were analyzed statistically using 3-way ANOVA, Tukey's test and Student's t test (P=0.05)...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Mestre

Orientador: Ana Lucia Machado / Banca: Carlos Eduardo Vergani / Banca: João Neudenir Arioli Filho / Banca: Arlindo Abreu de Castro Filho / Banca: Eduardo Miyashita / Resumo: Esse estudo avaliou o efeito da desinfecção química e por irradiação com microondas sobre a estabilidade dimensional e a resistência ao cisalhamento entre uma resina termopolimerizável para base de prótese (Lucitone 550-L) e quatro resinas autopolimerizáveis para reembasamento (Kooliner- K, New Truliner-NT, Tokuso Rebase-TR, Ufi Gel Hard -UGH). Foi avaliada também a resistência ao cisalhamento de corpos-de-prova reembasados com a resina L. Para cada material, 48 corpos-de-prova (50 mm diâmetro x 0.5 mm espessura) foram preparados, seguindo-se as recomendações dos fabricantes, utilizando-se uma matriz metálica circular com pontos de referência (A, B, C e D). Um projetor de perfil Nikon foi utilizado para mensurar a distância entre os pontos de referências (AB e CD) na matriz metálica e nos corpos-de-prova. Os corpos-de-prova foram divididos em 6 grupos (n=8) e as mensurações foram realizadas após as seguintes condições experimentais: G1- 2 ciclos de desinfecção química (corpos-de-prova imersos em solução de perborato de sódio a 3,8% aquecida a 50º C por 10 minutos); G2- 2 ciclos de desinfecção com microondas (corpos-de-prova imersos em 200 mL de água e irradiados com 650 W por 6 minutos); G3- 7 ciclos de desinfecção química; G4- 7 ciclos de desinfecção com microondas; C1- grupo controle 1- após a polimerização para as resinas de reembasamento e após imersão em água a 37° C por 48 + 2 horas para a resina de base; C2- grupo controle 2- corpos-de-prova imersos em água a 37° C por 7 dias. Para os grupos G3 e G4, os corpos-de-prova foram mantidos em água a 37° C entre os ciclos de desinfecção. As diferenças entre as mensurações realizadas nos corpos-de-prova e as da matriz foram calculadas e expressas em porcentagem de alteração dimensional linear. Para avaliar a resistência de união, foram confeccionados cilindros ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of chemical and microwave disinfection on the linear dimensional change and the shear bond strength between one heat-polymerizing denture base acrylic resin (Lucitone 550-L) and four autopolymerizing reline resins (Kooliner- K, New Truliner-NT, Tokuso Rebase-TR, Ufi Gel Hard -UGH). Also, the shear bond strength of specimens relined with the denture base resin L was evaluated, for comparison. For each material, 48 disks (50 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thickness) were made by using a stainless steel split mold with reference points (A, B, C and D), following the manufacturers' instructions. A Nikon optical comparator was used to measure the distances between the reference points (AB and CD) on the stainless steel mold and on the specimens. Specimens were divided into 6 groups (n=8) and the measurements were made after the following conditions: G1- 2 cycles of chemical disinfection (specimens immersed in 3,8% sodium perborate solution at 50° C for 10 minutes); G2- 2 cycles of microwave disinfection (specimens immersed in 200 mL of water, and irradiated with 650 W for 6 min); G3- 7 cycles of chemical disinfection; G4- 7 cycles of microwave irradiation; G5- after polymerization for the reline resins and after the specimens had been stored in water at 37° C for 48 + 2 hours; G6- specimens immersed in water at 37° C for seven days. For the groups G3 and G4, the specimens were disinfected daily, and stored in water at 37° C between disinfection. The differences between the measurements made on the specimens and on the stainless steel mold were calculated and expressed as percentage of linear dimensional changes. To evaluate the bond strength, cylinders (20mm x 20mm) of the resin L were processed (in water at 70°C for 90 minutes, and 30 minutes at boiling temperature), according to the manufacturer's instructions ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Ana Lucia Machado / Banca: Ana Cláudia Pavarina / Banca: Luiz Antonio Pessan / Resumo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito de tratamentos da superfície de união e de materiais reembasadores na resistência ao impacto de uma resina para base de prótese. Corpos-de-prova foram confeccionados com a resina Lucitone 550 (60x6x2 mm) e reembasados (2 mm) com o mesmo material (L) ou com as resinas para reembasamento imediato Tokuso Rebase (TR) e Ufi Gel Hard (UH). Para o material L, as superfícies de união permaneceram sem tratamento (L/L/ST) ou foram tratadas com o monômero da resina L (metil metacrilato) for 180 segundos (L/L/M). Quando o reembasamento foi realizado com os reembasadores imediatos, os tratamentos de superfície consistiram de aplicação dos agentes adesivos fornecidos pelos fabricantes (L/TR/A - diclorometano e L/UH/A - diclorometano e 2-hidroxietil metacrilato) ou tratamento com o monômero da resina L seguido pelos adesivos (L/TR/MA e L/UH/MA). Corpos-de-prova do material L intacto (60x6x4 mm) também foram confeccionados para se determinar a resistência ao impacto dessa resina. Um total de 140 corpos-de-prova foi confeccionado, sendo 20 para cada condição experimental. Para metade dos corpos-de-prova, os entalhes foram realizados na largura, na superfície correspondente ao material reembasador, com profundidade de 0,8 mm, permanecendo 3,2 mm de material intacto (E1). Para os corpos-de-prova restantes, o entalhe foi realizado na espessura, envolvendo tanto o material reembasador como a resina de base, com profundidade de 1,2 mm (E2), permanecendo 4,8 mm de material intacto. Todos os entalhes, em forma de V, foram realizados na área central do comprimento dos corpos-de-prova. O teste utilizado foi do tipo Charpy, com pêndulo de 0,5 J e distância de 50 mm entre os suportes. Os resultados (kJ/ m2) de cada entalhe foram analisados, separadamente, utilizando-se ANOVA e teste de ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of surface treatments and reline materials on the impact strength of a denture base acrylic resin. Specimens were made using Lucitone 550 resin (60x6x2 mm) and relined (2 mm) with the same material (L) or with the hard chair-side reline resins Tokuso Rebase (TR) and Ufi Gel Hard (UH). For material L, the bond surfaces remained untreated (L/L/ST) or were wetted with resin L monomer (methyl methacrylate) for 180 seconds (L/L/M). When the relining was made with the hard reline materials, the surface treatments consisted of coating with the bonding agents supplied by the manufacturers (L/TR/A - dichloromethane and L/UH/A - dichloromethane and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) or wetting with the resin L monomer followed by bonding agents application (L/TR/MA and L/UH/MA). Material L intact specimens (60x6x4 mm) were also made to determine the impact strength of the bulk resin. A total of 140 specimens were made, 20 for each experimental condition. Half of the specimens were notched across the width to a depth of 0.8 mm, leaving an effective depth under notch of 3.2 mm (E1). For the remaining specimens, the notch was cut across the thickness to a depth of 1.2 mm (E2) leaving an effective depth under notch of 4.8 mm. All the V-notches were machined at the midpoint of the length of the specimens. Impact tests were carried out on a Charpy type pendulum impact tester (0.5 J pendulum; distance between supporting points - 50 mm). Results (kJ/ m2) from each notch depth were analyzed separately using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests (a = .05). No significant differences were noted among the mean impact values of L (1.39 kJ/ m2), L/L/ST (1.28 kJ/ m2) and L/L/M (1.20 kJ/ m2) specimens with the E1 notch (P>.05). Similar results were observed (P>.05) for the specimens with the E2 notch (L - 1.00 kJ/ m2; L/L/ST - 0.93 kJ/ m2; ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito da irradiação por microondas e da armazenagem em água sobre as propriedades viscoelásticas de duas resinas para base de prótese (Lucitone 550- L e Vipi Wave- VW) e duas resinas para reembasamento imediato (Kooliner- K e Tokuyama Rebase Fast II- TR II). Oito corpos-de-prova (40 x 10 x 3,3 mm) de cada material foram avaliados por meio de análise térmica dinâmico-mecânica (DMTA) após: acabamento (controle 1), armazenagem em água por 7 dias (controle 2), um (MW1) e 7 ciclos de irradiação por microondas (MW7). Para cada corpo-de-prova, ciclos de DMTA foram realizados dentro de intervalos de temperatura diferentes. Os valores do módulo de armazenamento (E') e de amortecimento mecânico (tan δ) a 37ºC foram obtidos no primeiro e último ciclos de DMTA. A partir do último ciclo, os valores de E' na temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) e o máximo de tan δ também foram obtidos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância a dois critérios e ao teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (α=0,05). Além disso, mensurações de temperatura no interior de corpos-de-prova de cada material, durante a irradiação por microondas (650 W/ 3 min), foram realizadas por meio da utilização de sensor de fibra óptica. Seis corpos-de-prova de cada material foram avaliados. Durante a irradiação por microondas, todos os corpos-de-prova atingiram a temperatura de ebulição da água em aproximadamente 130 s. A partir do primeiro ciclo de DMTA, MW 1 e controle 2 aumentaram significantemente os valores de E' e reduziram os valores de tan δ de K a 37ºC (P<0,05). No último ciclo de DMTA, o tan δ de K e TR II foi significantemente reduzido após MW1 (P<0,05). MW7 reduziu os valores de tan δ de K (P<0,05). Os valores de E' de L e VW foram semelhantes entre si e superiores aqueles produzidos por K e TR II (P<0,05). Na Tg, K produziu o menor E' e seu máximo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of microwave irradiation and water storage on the viscoelastic properties of two denture base resins (Lucitone 550-L and Vipi Wave-VW) and two reline resins (Kooliner-K and Tokuyama Rebase Fast II-TR II). Eight specimens (40x10x3.3mm) of each material were evaluated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) after: processing, water storage for 7 days (WS), one (MW1) and 7 cycles of microwave irradiation (MW7). For each specimen, DMTA runs were carried out within different temperature intervals. Values of storage modulus (E') and loss tangent (tan δ) at 37ºC were obtained from the first and last runs. From the last run, values of E' at the glass transition temperature (Tg) and maximum tan δ were also recorded. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (α=0.05). In addition, measurements of the inside temperature of each specimen during microwave irradiation (650W/3min) were conducted using a fiber optic temperature sensor. Six specimens of each material were evaluated. During microwave irradiation, all specimens reached the boiling temperature of water at approximately 130 s. From the first DMTA run, MW1 and WS significantly increased the E' and decreased the tan δ of K at 37°C (P<0.05). From the last run, the tan δ of K and TR II was significantly decreased after MW1 (P<0.05). MW7 decreased the tan δ of K (P<0.05). The E' of L and VW was similar and higher than K and TR II (P<0.05). At Tg, K produced the lowest E' and its maximum tan δ was increased after MW1 (P<0.05). The Tg mean values were arranged as: L>VW>TR II>K (P<0.05). Microwave irradiation and WS did not detrimentally affect the viscoelastic properties of the denture base and reline resins evaluated. / Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Vergani / Coorientador: Sebastião Vicente Canevarolo Júnior / Banca: Rafael Leonardo Xediek Consani / Banca: Ana Cláudia Pavarina / Mestre

O uso de materiais de revestimento na agricultura se constitui em uma das mais importantes aplicações de polímeros, principalmente, no encapsulamento da ureia. Devido a seu elevado conteúdo de nitrogênio entre 44 a 46 % em massa, a ureia leva muita vantagem na adubação nitrogenada. A escolha recaiu sobre um sistema polimérico acrilato incorporando vinhaça, melaço e carbonato de cálcio (aditivo inorgânico), sendo o foco deste sistema reter e liberar, controladamente, os nutrientes. Foram feitos bio-ensaios usando três tipos de fertilizantes ureia, material comercial e ureia revestida, sendo possível avaliar o filme como um sistema de revestimento bastante eficaz. Para determinar a quantidade de íon amônio (NH4+), empregaram-se técnicas de análise simples como a micro-destilação e micro-volumetria. Além disso, foi aplicado métodos instrumentais FTIR, TG, DTG, DSC, MEV e EDX para caracterizar a estrutura e morfologia do material polimérico. Os resultados mostraram que a presença do composto inorgânico (CaCO3) no compósito, tem um papel relevante na estrutura aniônica do polímero-base, este atua na retenção de cargas opostas por interações eletrostáticas, controlando a taxa de liberação de nitrogênio como íon amônio, mostrando que o polímero revestido presenta melhor eficiência e desempenho na liberação em quanto ao polímero comercial e a ureia. A opção pela investigação de fertilizantes revestidos foi devido à relevância do tema e do impacto na sustentabilidade ambiental e econômica. / The use of coating materials in agriculture constitutes one of the most important applications of polymers, mainly in the encapsulation of urea. Due to its high nitrogen content between 44-46% by weight, urea takes much advantage in nitrogen fertilization. The choice fell on a polymeric acrylate system incorporating vine, molasses and calcium carbonate (inorganic additive), the center of this system hold and release controlled nutrients. Bioassays were performed using three types of fertilizer urea, commercial material and coated urea being possible to evaluate the film as a very effective coating system. To determine the amount of ammonium ion (NH4+) simple analysis techniques, such as micro-distillation and micro-volumetric were employed. In addition, instrumental methods, including FTIR, TG, DTG, DSC, MEV and EDX were applied to characterize the structure and morphology of the polymeric material. The results showed that the presence of the inorganic compound (CaCO3) in the composite plays an important role in the structure of anionic polymer base, it acts on the retention of opposite charge by electrostatic interaction by controlling the release rate of nitrogen as ammonium ion, showing the improved efficiency and performance of coated polymer in the release compared to the commercial polymer and the urea. The option for the investigation of coated fertilizers was due to the relevance of the issue and the impact on economic and environmental sustainability.