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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Gene mining of biosynthesis genes and biosynthetic manipulation of marine bacteria for the production of new antibiotic candidates

Zarins-Tutt, Joseph Scott January 2015 (has links)
Natural product drug discovery has traditionally been the corner stone of medicine having provided cures to many of today's most common diseases. In particular, antibiotics have revolutionised healthcare and extended human lifespan. However, since their introduction into the clinic, resistance to these drugs has arisen. With the number of new antibiotics being discovered in recent years declining, and fewer drugs making it past clinical trials, we have reached the point where antibiotic resistant infections have become common place and a serious threat to health and society. There is now an urgent requirement for the discovery of new antibiotics and in particular those with unexploited mode of action. This thesis details the different areas of natural product drug development from discovery through to analogue generation. In Chapter one, the history of natural products as therapeutics is explored with a particular focus on antibiotics and how resistance arises against these agents. It outlines why the discovery of new antibiotics is so important and new methods used to facilitate this search. Chapter two follows with the development of a screening platform for antibiotic induction, using the model Streptomyces; Streptomyces coleiolor M145. A variety of culture additives are explored for their ability to induce secondary metabolism production. Chapter three then details the sampling and identification of microbes from a pseudo-marine environment and their screening for their ability to produce secondary metabolites with antibiotic properties. The second half of this thesis centres on the non-ribosomal peptide echinomycin. Collaborators Aquapharm supplied the marine derived strain AQP-4895, capable of producing echinomycin. Chapter four details the establishment of AQP-4895 culturing conditions and the shift observed in production profile. Next Chapter five looks at producing echinomycin analogues through precursor directed biosynthesis. A range of halogenated quinoxaline carboxylic acids are synthesised and fed to AQP-4895, and the respective echinomycin analogues monitored by LC-MS. Chapter Six then aims to direct biosynthesis of the halogenated analogues, using mutasynthesis. Due to the lack of genetic data available surrounding the strain, an unusual approach was taken, using iPCR to create a template for homologous recombination.
62

Identification des nouvelles phospholipases A microbiennes : purification et caractérisation biochimique d’une phospholipase A2 fongique secrétée / Identification of novel microbial phospholipases A and the purification and biochemical characterization of a secreted fungal phospholipase A2

Sutto Ortiz, Priscila 05 October 2017 (has links)
Les phospholipases A catalysent sélectivement l'hydrolyse de la liaison ester des glycérophospholipides dans la position sn-1 (PLA1) et sn-2 (PLA2), libérant des acides gras et des lysophospholipides. Nous avons identifié des PLAs à partir des champignons/actinomycètes isolés des environnements du Mexique. Dans la 1ère partie, une méthode colorimétrique à haut débit pour la détection générale de l'activité PLA (cHTS-PLA) avec la PC comme substrat et le rouge crésol a été développée. L'analyse rRNA 16S des souches productrices des PLAs a démontrant qu'elles appartiennent aux genres Streptomyces et Aureobasidium. La production des PLAs a été mise en œuvre utilisant la fermentation en milieu solide avec la PC comme inducteur et la bagasse de canne à sucre comme support. Globalement, cette étude a contribué à la découverte des nouvelles PLA et au criblage des PLAs à haut débit dans les extraits microbiens / Phospholipase A are lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyze selectively the ester bond of glycerophospholipid substrates at the sn-1 (PLA1) and sn-2 (PLA2) position, respectively, releasing free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. We identified new PLAs from fungi and actinomycetes isolated from Mexican environments. Firstly, we implemented an agar-plate method containing rhodamine 6G and phosphatidylcholine (PC) for the primary screening. Then, a colorimetric high-throughput screening assay for general PLA activity detection (cHTS-PLA) using PC substrate and cresol red was developed. According to 16S rRNA analysis, PLA producing strains were mostly belonging to Streptomyces and Aureobasidium genus. Production of PLAs was implemented by solid-state fermentation with PC as inductor and sugar-cane bagasse as support. Overall, this study has contributed to the discovery of new microbial PLAs and to pave the way toward the HTS of PLA activity in microbial extracts
63

Métagénomique bactérienne de l'hidrosadénite suppurée / Microbiology of hidradenitis suppurativa : a metagenomics based study

Guet-Revillet, Hélène 25 November 2014 (has links)
L’hidrosadénite suppurée (HS) ou maladie de Verneuil, est une maladie cutanée orpheline fréquente qui touche 1 % de la population générale. Elle se manifeste par des lésions inflammatoires récidivantes ou chroniques des plis axillaires, inguinaux et périnéaux. La sévérité clinique de la maladie varie selon les patients. Les lésions les moins sévères (lésions de stade 1 dans la classification de sévérité clinique de Hurley) sont des nodules inflammatoire centimétriques pouvant évoluer vers l’abcédation. Les lésions les plus sévères (lésions de stade 2 et 3 de Hurley) sont des lésions suppurées étendues et chroniques. Sur le plan histologique, la lésion primitive de l’HS semble être une hyperplasie de l’épithélium du follicule pileux. La physiopathologie de la maladie est mal connue et probablement multifactorielle, incluant des facteurs génétiques, hormonaux, infectieux et dys-immunitaires. Il a été montré récemment qu’une antibiothérapie à large spectre pouvait permettre d’obtenir une rémission clinique prolongée des lésions inflammatoires de l’HS. Objectif du travail : L’objectif principal de ce travail était d’identifier par des techniques de culture classique et de métagénomique bactérienne les espèces ou les flores bactériennes spécifiquement associées aux lésions d’HS des trois stades de sévérité clinique. Résultats : Nous avons identifié par culture bactérienne deux profils bactériens lésionnels. Le premier était représenté par Staphylococcus lugdunensis, et plus rarement par d’autres espèces bactériennes de la flore cutanée commensale (Propionibacterium acnes, staphylocoques à coagulase négative et Staphylococcus aureus). Le second correspondait à une flore anaérobie composée de bactéries anaérobies stricts, d’Actinomycetes et de streptocoques du groupe milleri. L’approche métagénomique a permis d’identifier les germes anaérobies stricts associés aux lésions : des cocci à Gram positif de la flore cutanée (principalement Anaerococcus spp., Peptoniphilus spp., Finegoldia spp.) des bacilles à Gram négatif anaérobies n’appartenant pas à la flore cutanée (Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp., Fusobacterium spp), Veillonellaceae et Corynebacteriaceae. Ce profil était caractéristique des lésions suppurées chroniques de stade 2 et 3 et était également associé à certaines lésions de stade 1. Les lésions des stades 2 et 3 présentaient une diversité bactérienne supérieure à celle des lésions de stade 1, avec un nombre plus élevé de taxons très minoritaires dans la flore cutanée (Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Peptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichales). Conclusion : Cette étude démontre que certaines espèces bactériennes sont spécifiquement associées aux lésions d’HS. Ces espèces sont impliquées dans des infections cutanées, mais aussi dans des infections sévères, ce qui témoigne de leur pathogénicité. L’efficacité des antibiotiques chez les patients et les résultats de cette étude suggèrent qu’un processus infectieux participe à la présentation clinique de l’HS. Notre hypothèse est que ces infections surviennent en raison d’une anomalie primitive de la barrière cutanée folliculaire. / Hidradenitis suppuratiav (HS) is an orphan skin inflammatory disease disease characterized by chronic or recurrent inflammatory lesions localized in the armpits, the inguinal and perineal folds. With a 1% prevalence of a general population, HS is an public health issue. The clinical severity of the disease is heterogeneous among patients. Most patients present the mild form of the disease with inflammatory nodules and abscesses (Hurley stage 1 lesions). More severe patients show extended chronically suppurating lesions (Hurley stage 2 and Hurley stage 3 lesions). The primary histological lesion of HS is characterized by epidermal follicular hyperplasia and perifollicular inflammation. The physiopathology of HS remains unclear. HS is probably a multifactorial disease, involving genetical, immunological and infectious factors. Indeed, wide-spectrum antibiotic treatments can significantly improve or induce prolonged clinical remissions of HS inflammatory lesions. Objective: The main objective of this work was to identify the bacterial species or flora specifically associated with Hurley stage 1, 2 and 3, using prolonged aerobic and anaerobic culture and bacterial metagenomics (454 sequencing of 16Sr DNA libraries). Results. Using bacterial culture, we identified two bacterial profiles associated with HS lesions . The first one was represented by Staphylococcus lugdunensis and rarely by other skin commensals (Propionibacterium acnes, coagulase negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus). Results. The second one corresponded to a mixted anaerobic flora including strict anaerobes, Actinomycetes and milleri group streptococci. The metagenomic approach allowed to identify the anaerobic flora associated with lesions : Gram positive cocci from the cutaneous flora (mainly Anaerococcus spp., Peptoniphilus spp., Finegoldia spp.) and Gram negative rods which do not belong to the cutaneous microbiota (Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp., Fusobacterium spp), Veillonellaceae and Corynebacteriaceae. This profile was typically associated with Hurley stage 2 and 3 lesions but was also observed in Hurley stage 1 lesions. Hurley stage 2 and 3 lesions presented an increased bacterial diversity as compared to Hurley stage 1 lesions, with a higher number of taxa taxa rarely associated with normal skin microbiota (Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Peptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichales). Conclusion. This study demonstrate that particular bacterial species are specifically associated with HS lesions. These species are cause soft tissue and skin infections, but also in severe infections arguing for their pathogenicity. These data provide a rationale for antibiotic use in HS, and suggests that the disease may be due to a primitive immune defect of the follicular skin barrier.
64

Microbial Community Structure and Interactions in Leaf Litter in a Stream

Das, Mitali 13 April 2006 (has links)
No description available.
65

Purification, functional characterization and crystallization of the PerR peroxide sensor from Saccharopolyspora erythraea

Elison Kalman, Grim January 2019 (has links)
This report summarizes the work on the cloning, expression, and purification of PerR, a metal sensing regulator from Saccharopolyspora erythraea and the subsequent characterization using small angle X-ray scattering and other biochemical methods. The report aims to provide an insight into prokaryotic metal homeostasis, provide a better understanding of how PerR works and provide valuable information for the continued work on the crystallization of PerR.
66

Chemisches Screening von ausgewählten Actinomyceten sowie Strukturaufklärung von Sekundärmetaboliten aus Micromonospora sp. und Pflanzen / Chemical screening of selected actinomycetes as well as structure elucidation of secondary metabolites from Micromonospora sp. and plants

Ströch, Karsten 21 January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
67

Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung neuer Naturstoffe aus Bakterien und endophytischen Pilzen durch chemisches Screening / Isolation and structure elucidation of new natural products from bacteria and endophytic fungi by chemical screening

Bitzer, Jens 29 June 2005 (has links)
No description available.
68

Strukturaufklärung der Phenalinolactone und Beiträge zur Biosynthese der Hexacyclinsäure / structure elucidation of phenalinolactones and contributions to the biosynthesis of hexacyclinic acid

Meyer, Sven Wolfgang 21 January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
69

Aufbau einer HPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS-Datenbank und ihre Anwendung im Screening arktischer und antarktischer Meeresbakterien / Assembling of a HPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS database and its application in the screening of arctic and antarctic sea bacteria

Schuhmann, Imelda 29 June 2005 (has links)
No description available.

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